The Argument Model Ontology (AMO)

http://purl.org/spar/amo
Export
Turtle RDF/XML JSON-LD N-Triples

Classes 9

argument
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/Argument

comment
An argument, or practical argument according to the 'Toulmin model of argument', focuses on the justificatory function of argumentation: practical arguments first find a claim of interest, and then provide justification for it. Each argument must be analyzed according to six interrelated components: claim, evidence, warrant, backing, rebuttal and qualifier. The first three elements, 'claim', 'data' and 'warrant', are considered as the essential components of practical arguments, while the second triad, 'qualifier', 'backing', and 'rebuttal', may not be needed in some arguments.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
is sub concept of
( min 1 and min 1 and exactly 1 )
label
argument
en
term status
example
:my-argument a amo:Argument ; amo:hasClaim :my-claim ; amo:hasEvidence :my-evidence ; amo:hasWarrant :my-warrant ; amo:hasBacking :my-backing ; amo:hasQualifier :my-qualifier ; amo:hasRebuttal :my-rebuttal .

argumentation entity
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/ArgumentationEntity

comment
An entity that takes part in an argument according to the 'Toulmin model of argument'.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
is equivalent to
( ( or or or or ) and some )
is in range of
label
argumentation entity
en
term status
example
:my-claim a amo:ArgumentationEntity ; amo:isInvolvedIn :my-argument .

backing
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/Backing

comment
Sort of credentials that certifies the warrant - e.g., the OWL 2 document specifications.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
is equivalent to
is in domain of
is in range of
label
backing
en
example
:my-backing a amo:Backing ; amo:isBackingIn :my-argument ; amo:backs :my-warrant .
term status

claim
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/Claim

comment
A fact that must be established - e.g., 'This is a consistent OWL ontology'.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
is equivalent to
is in domain of
is in range of
label
claim
en
term status
example
:my-claim a amo:Claim ; amo:isClaimIn :my-argument ; amo:isValidUnless :my-rebuttal .

evidence
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/Evidence

comment
A fact that represents a foundation for the claim - e.g., 'This ontology was developed in OWL'.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
is equivalent to
is in domain of
is in range of
label
evidence
en
example
:my-evidence a amo:Evidence ; amo:isEvidenceIn :my-argument ; amo:proves :my-claim .
term status

qualifier
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/Qualifier

comment
Words or phrases that express the degree of certainty of the claim such as “certainly”, “possible”, “probably”, “presumably”, etc.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
is equivalent to
is in domain of
is in range of
label
qualifier
en
example
:my-qualifier a amo:Qualifier ; amo:isQualifierIn :my-argument ; amo:forces :my-claim .
term status

rebuttal
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/Rebuttal

comment
Restrictions that may be applied to the claim - 'Unless a reasoner for OWL 2 proves that it is not consistent'.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
is equivalent to
is in range of
label
rebuttal
en
example
:my-rebuttal a amo:Rebuttal ; amo:isRebuttalIn :my-argument . :my-claim amo:isValidUnless :my-rebuttal .
term status

thing
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing

warrant
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/Warrant

comment
A statement bridging from the evidence to the claim - e.g., 'An ontology developed in OWL is a consistent OWL ontology'.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
is equivalent to
is in domain of
is in range of
label
warrant
en
example
:my-warrant a amo:Warrant ; amo:isWarrantIn :my-argument ; amo:leadsTo :my-claim .
term status

Object Properties 27

backs
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/backs

comment
A backing that attests the warrant of an argument.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
label
backs
en
example
:my-backing a amo:Backing ; amo:backs :my-warrant . :my-warrant a amo:Warrant .
term status

confirms
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/confirms

domain
range

forces
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/forces

comment
A qualifier that expresses as degree of force concerning a claim of an argument.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
property chain
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
label
forces
en
term status
example
:my-qualifier a amo:Qualifier ; amo:forces :my-claim . :my-claim a amo:Claim .
note
By means of the property chain defined, the assertion that links a qualifier to the relative claim is automatically inferred starting from the high-level description of an argument (realized through the sub-properties of 'involves' and their inverse properties).
en

gives background to
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/givesBackgroundTo

domain
range

gives support to
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/givesSupportTo

domain
range

has backing
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasBacking

comment
An argument includes a backing as one of its (optional) components.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
is inverse of
label
has backing
en
example
:my-argument a amo:Argument ; amo:hasBacking :my-backing .
term status

has claim
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasClaim

comment
An argument includes a claim as one of its (mandatory) components.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
is inverse of
label
has claim
en
term status
example
:my-argument a amo:Argument ; amo:hasClaim :my-claim .

has evidence
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasEvidence

comment
An argument includes an evidence as one of its (mandatory) components.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
is inverse of
label
has evidence
en
example
:my-argument a amo:Argument ; amo:hasEvidence :my-evidence .
term status

has qualifier
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasQualifier

comment
An argument includes a qualifier as one of its (optional) components.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
is inverse of
label
has qualifier
en
example
:my-argument a amo:Argument ; amo:hasQualifier :my-qualifier .
term status

has rebuttal
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasRebuttal

comment
An argument includes a rebuttal as one of its (optional) components.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
is inverse of
label
has rebuttal
en
example
:my-argument a amo:Argument ; amo:hasRebuttal :my-rebuttal .
term status

has warrant
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/hasWarrant

comment
An argument includes a warrant as one of its (mandatory) components.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
is inverse of
label
has warrant
en
example
:my-argument a amo:Argument ; amo:hasWarrant :my-warrant .
term status

involves
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/involves

comment
An argument involves an argumentation entity (claim, evidence, warrant, backing, rebuttal) or a qualifier.
en
domain
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
is inverse of
label
involves
en
term status
example
:my-argument a amo:Argument ; amo:involves :my-claim, :my-evidence, :my-warrant .
note
This property and its sub-properties serve to describe an argument from an high-level perspective (i.e., which argumentation entities take part in it and what role they hold) rather than from a factual point of view (i.e., how argumentation entities are inter-linked between them).
en

is backing in
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/isBackingIn

comment
An argumentative entity linked to an argument in which it is considered a backing.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
is inverse of
label
is backing in
en
term status
example
:my-backing amo:isBackingIn :my-argument . :my-argument a amo:Argument .

is cited as evidence by
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isCitedAsEvidenceBy

domain
range

is claim in
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/isClaimIn

comment
An argumentative entity linked to an argument in which it is considered a claim.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
is inverse of
label
is claim in
en
term status
example
:my-claim amo:isClaimIn :my-argument . :my-argument a amo:Argument .

is disputed by
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/isDisputedBy

domain
range

is evidence in
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/isEvidenceIn

comment
An argumentative entity linked to an argument in which it is considered an evidence.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
is inverse of
label
is evidence in
en
example
:my-evidence amo:isEvidenceIn :my-argument . :my-argument a amo:Argument .
term status

is involved in
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/isInvolvedIn

comment
An argumentation entity involved in the presentation of an argument.
en
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
is inverse of
label
is involved in
en
term status
example
:my-claim amo:isInvolvedIn :my-argument . :my-argument a amo:Argument .

is qualifier in
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/isQualifierIn

comment
An sentence or word linked to an argument with the scope of qualifying the argument claim.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
is inverse of
label
is qualifier in
en
term status
example
:my-qualifier amo:isQualifierIn :my-argument . :my-argument a amo:Argument .

is rebuttal in
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/isRebuttalIn

comment
An argumentative entity linked to an argument in which it is considered a rebuttal.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
is inverse of
label
is rebuttal in
en
term status
example
:my-rebuttal amo:isRebuttalIn :my-argument . :my-argument a amo:Argument .

is valid unless
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/isValidUnless

comment
A claim that is restricted by a rebuttal of an argument.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
property chain
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
label
is valid unless
en
note
By means of the property chain defined, the assertion that links a claim to the relative rebuttal is automatically inferred starting from the high-level description of an argument (realized through the sub-properties of 'involves' and their inverse properties).
en
example
:my-claim a amo:Claim ; amo:isValidUnless :my-rebuttal . :my-rebuttal a amo:Rebuttal .
term status

is warrant in
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/isWarrantIn

comment
An argumentative entity linked to an argument in which it is considered a warrant.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
is inverse of
label
is warrant in
en
example
:my-warrant amo:isWarrantIn :my-argument . :my-argument a amo:Argument .
term status

leads to
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/leadsTo

is sub property of
domain
range
property chain
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
label
leads to
en
example
:my-warrant a amo:Warrant ; amo:leadsTo :my-claim . :my-claim a amo:Claim .
note
By means of the property chain defined, the assertion that links a warrant to the relative claim is automatically inferred starting from the high-level description of an argument (realized through the sub-properties of 'involves' and their inverse properties).
en
A warrant that points to a claim from the related evidence within an argument.
en
term status

proves
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/proves

comment
An evidence that founds a claim of an argument.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
property chain
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
label
proves
en
term status
example
:my-evidence a amo:Evidence ; amo:proves :my-claim . :my-claim a amo:Claim .
note
By means of the property chain defined, the assertion that links an evidence to the relative claim is automatically inferred starting from the high-level description of an argument (realized through the sub-properties of 'involves' and their inverse properties).
en

qualifies
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/cito/qualifies

domain
range

relates to
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/relatesTo

comment
An argumentation entity relates to another one in some way - for example, it is the evidence that is used to prove a claim of an argument.
en
has Characteristics
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
label
relates to
en
term status
example
:my-evidence a amo:Evidence ; amo:relatesTo :my-claim . :my-claim a amo:Claim .

supports
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/amo/supports

comment
An evidence that supports a warrant of an argument.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
label
supports
en
example
:my-evidence a amo:Evidence ; amo:supports :my-warrant . :my-warrant a amo:Warrant .
term status

Annotation Properties 25

bibliographic citation
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation

code repository
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/codeRepository

contributor
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor

created
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/created

creator
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator

date
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date

description
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description

doi
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/doi

example
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/vann/example

image
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/image

included in data catalog
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/includedInDataCatalog

issued
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued

keywords
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/keywords

license
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/license

logo
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/logo

modified
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified

note
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note

preferred namespace prefix
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix

preferred namespace uri
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri

publisher
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher

rights
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights

source
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/source

status
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status

term status
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status

title
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title

Namespace Declarations back to ToC

amo
http://purl.org/spar/amo/
bibo
http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/
brick
https://brickschema.org/schema/Brick#
cito
http://purl.org/spar/cito/
csvw
http://www.w3.org/ns/csvw#
dc
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
dcam
http://purl.org/dc/dcam/
dcat
http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#
dcmitype
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/
dcterms
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
doap
http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#
foaf
http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
geo
http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
odrl
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
org
http://www.w3.org/ns/org#
owl
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
prof
http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/
prov
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
qb
http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
rdf
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
reg
http://purl.org/linked-data/registry#
schema
https://schema.org/
sh
http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#
skos
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
sosa
http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/
ssn
http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/
time
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#
vann
http://purl.org/vocab/vann/
void
http://rdfs.org/ns/void#
vs
http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#
wgs
https://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#
xml
http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace
xsd
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#