C4O, the Citation Counting and Context Characterization Ontology

IRI:
http://purl.org/spar/c4o
Version IRI:
http://purl.org/spar/c4o/2018-06-22
Date:
22/06/2018
Current version:
1.2
Authors:
David Shotton
Silvio Peroni
Imported Ontologies:
http://purl.org/spar/biro (visualise it with LODE)
This work is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode).

Abstract

The Citation Counting and Context Characterisation Ontology (C4O) is an ontology that permits the number of in-text citations of a cited source to be recorded, together with their textual citation contexts, along with the number of citations a cited entity has received globally on a particular date. **URL:** http://purl.org/spar/c4o **Creators**: [David Shotton](http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5506-523X), [Silvio Peroni](http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-4305) **License:** [Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode) **Website:** http://www.sparontologies.net/ontologies/c4o **Cite as:** Di Iorio, A., Nuzzolese, A. G., Peroni, S., Shotton, D., Vitali, F. (2014). Describing bibliographic references in RDF. In Proceedings of 4th Workshop on Semantic Publishing (SePublica 2014). http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1155/paper-05.pdf

Table of Content

  1. Introduction
  2. Classes
  3. Object Properties
  4. Data Properties
  5. Annotation Properties
  6. SWRL Rules
  7. Namespace Declarations

Introduction

C4O, the Citation Counting and Context Characterization Ontology (C4O) allows the characterization of bibliographic citations in terms of their number and their context. It provides the ontological structures to permit the number of in-text citations of a cited source (i.e. the number of in-text reference pointers to a single reference in the citing article's reference list) to be recorded, and also the number of citations a cited entity has received globally, as determined by a bibliographic information resource such as Google Scholar, Scopus or Web of Knowledge on a particular date. Moreover, it enables ontological descriptions of the context within the citing document in which an in-text reference pointer appears, and permits that context to be related to relevant textual passages in the cited document.

Classes

bibliographic information sourcec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/c4o/BibliographicInformationSource

A source of information about bibliographic citations, such as Google Scholar, Web of Science or Scopus.
is in range of
has global count sourceop
is disjoint with
global citation countc, in-text reference pointerc, single location pointer listc

global citation countc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/c4o/GlobalCitationCount

The number of times a work has been cited globally, as determined from a particular bibliographic information source on a particular date.
is in domain of
has global count datedp, has global count sourceop, has global count valuedp
is in range of
has global citation frequencyop
is disjoint with
bibliographic information sourcec, in-text reference pointerc, single location pointer listc

in-text reference pointerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/c4o/InTextReferencePointer

The in-text reference pointer is a textual element, usually embedded at the end of a phrase or sentence within the text of a document, that denotes a specific bibliographic reference present in the reference list of that document. For example, if the item in the reference list is: 4. Ko AI, Reis MG, Ribeiro Dourado CM, Johnson WD Jr, Riley LW (1999). Urban epidemic of severe leptospirosis in Brazil. Salvador Leptospirosis Study Group. Lancet 354: 820-825. the in-text reference pointer to this paper in a journal article may be manifested in a number of ways: Numerically, for example by using the numeral 4 in superscript or between square brackets, thus: "[4]". Or by use of the author names (or the first author's name plus et al.) and the publication year in parentheses, thus: "(Ko et al., 1999)". Or, less commonly, by the use of a code, e.g. by specifying the first surname letter of the first three author of the cited work followed by the last two digits of the year of publication, this string of characters being enclosed within square brackets, thus: "[KRR99]". If reference pointers are aggregated, e.g. "[4, 5, 6-9]", they may be described by means of the class c4o:SingleLocationPointerList.
has super-classes
expressionc
denotesop exactly 1 bibliographic referencec
has contextop exactly 1
is in domain of
denotesop, has contextop
is in range of
is denoted byop
is disjoint with
bibliographic information sourcec, global citation countc, single location pointer listc
An in-text reference pointer is a textual device denoting a single bibliographic reference that is embedded in the text of a document within the context of a particular sentence.

in-text reference pointer listc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/c4o/InTextReferencePointerList

A list containing only in-text reference pointers denoting the specific bibliographic references to which the list pertains.
has super-classes
listc
itemop only in-text reference pointer list itemc
pertains toop some bibliographic referencec
has sub-classes
single location pointer listc, single reference pointer listc
is in domain of
pertains toop
An in-text reference pointer list can only contain in-text reference pointer list items, and it always pertains to one or more bibliographic references.

in-text reference pointer list itemc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/c4o/InTextReferencePointerListItem

This class describes all the list items that must be used in the context of an in-text reference pointer list.
has super-classes
list itemc
item contentop only in-text reference pointerc
An in-text reference pointer list item can contain only a single in-text reference pointer. Note that, as specified through the hasKey assertion, such a list cannot contain more than one item containing the same in-text reference pointer entity.

single location pointer listc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/c4o/SingleLocationPointerList

An in-text reference pointer list that pertains to all the in-text reference pointers to two or more references occurring at a single location in the text of the citing work.
has super-classes
in-text reference pointer listc
expressionc
pertains toop min 2
has contextop exactly 1
is disjoint with
bibliographic information sourcec, global citation countc, in-text reference pointerc, single reference pointer listc
A single location pointer list pertains to two or more references occurring at a single location in the text of the citing work - e.g. "[3,4,9]" or "[7-12]".

single reference pointer listc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/c4o/SingleReferencePointerList

An in-text reference pointer list that pertains to exactly one bibliographic reference.
has super-classes
in-text reference pointer listc
pertains toop exactly 1
is disjoint with
single location pointer listc
A single reference pointer list pertains only to one bibliographic reference, being a list of all the in-text reference pointers to that single reference to be found in the citing work. Note that this semantic constraint is handled by the combined use of a particular restriction of this class, i.e. that the list pertains to exactly one owl:Thing, and that the following SWRL rule applies: c4o:InTextReferencePointerList(?l), c4o:denotes(?p, ?r), swan:item(?l, ?i), swan:itemContent(?i, ?p) -> c4o:pertainsTo(?l, ?r)

Object Properties

denotesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/c4o/denotes

A property used to assert the connection between an in-text reference pointer and the bibliographic reference it points to.
has super-properties
top object propertyop
has domain
in-text reference pointerc
has range
bibliographic referencec
is inverse of
is denoted byop

has contextop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/c4o/hasContext

This property is used to indicate the textual context (e.g. a sentence or a paragraph) of a particular in-text reference pointer, this context providing the rhetorical motivation for the existence of that citation.
has super-properties
top object propertyop
has domain
in-text reference pointerc
has range
expressionc and (has contentdp max 1)
Any FRBR expression that constitutes the range of this property can have at most one particular literal textual content specified through the property c4o:hasContent.

has global citation frequencyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/c4o/hasGlobalCitationFrequency

A property linking a publication entity to the property c40:GlobalCitationCount that specify how many times a work has been cited by others, according to a particular information source on a particular date.
has super-properties
top object propertyop
has domain
endeavourc
has range
global citation countc

has global count sourceop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/c4o/hasGlobalCountSource

A property linking the property c40:GlobalCitationCount to the bibliographic information source providing the global citation count information for a particular publication on a particular date.
has super-properties
top object propertyop
has domain
global citation countc
has range
bibliographic information sourcec

is denoted byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/c4o/isDenotedBy

A property used to assert the connection between a bibliographic reference and the in-text reference pointer that points to it.
has super-properties
top object propertyop
has domain
bibliographic referencec
has range
in-text reference pointerc
is inverse of
denotesop

is relevant toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/c4o/isRelevantTo

A property allowing one FRBR expression to be declared to be of rhetorical relevance to another, for instance that the textual context of a particular in-text reference pointer in one document is relevant to a section of text within the published document that is referenced by the bibliographic reference denoted by the in-text reference pointer, and vice versa that the converse relevance also exists.

has characteristics: symmetric

has super-properties
top object propertyop
has domain
expressionc
has range
expressionc

pertains toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/c4o/pertainsTo

The property linking an in-text reference pointer list to the bibliographic reference or references denoted by the in-text reference pointers within that list.
has super-properties
top object propertyop
has domain
in-text reference pointer listc
has range
bibliographic referencec

Data Properties

has contentdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/c4o/hasContent

It is used to specify the textual content of a particular FRBR expression.
has super-properties
top data propertydp
has domain
expressionc
has range
literal

has global count datedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/c4o/hasGlobalCountDate

The date on which the global citation count of the cited entity was recorded from a named bibliographic information source.
has domain
global citation countc
has range
date

has global count valuedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/c4o/hasGlobalCountValue

An integer defining the value of the global citation count of a cited entity recorded from a named bibliographic information source on a particular date.
has domain
global citation countc
has range
non negative integer

has in text citation frequencydp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/c4o/hasInTextCitationFrequency

This property allows one to specify how many separate in-text reference pointers exist within the text of a citing document that all denote the same single bibliographic reference to a cited document (i.e how many distinct textual contexts exist within the citing document from which a citation is made to a particular document).

has characteristics: functional

has domain
bibliographic referencec
has range
non negative integer

Annotation Properties

commentap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment

creatorap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator

dateap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date

descriptionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description

http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceURIap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceURI

labelap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label

node i dap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.semanticweb.org/owlapi#nodeID

rightsap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights

titleap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title

version infoap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo

SWRL rules

Rule #1back to ToC

in-text reference pointer listc(?l) , elementop(?l,?p) , denotesop(?p,?r) -> pertains toop(?l,?r)

Namespace Declarations back to ToC

default namespace
http://purl.org/spar/c4o#
biro
http://purl.org/spar/biro/
c4o
http://purl.org/spar/c4o/
co
http://purl.org/co/
core
http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#
dc
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
owl
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
owlapi
http://www.semanticweb.org/owlapi#
rdf
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
spar
http://purl.org/spar/
swrl
http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrl#
swrlb
http://www.w3.org/2003/11/swrlb#
vann
http://purl.org/vocab/vann/
xsd
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#

This HTML document was obtained by processing the OWL ontology source code through LODE, Live OWL Documentation Environment, developed by Silvio Peroni.