The DataCite Ontology is an ontology written in OWL 2 DL to enable the metadata properties of the [DataCite Metadata Schema (version 4.7)](https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.7/) to be described in RDF.
## Description The _DataCite Ontology_ (or simply DataCite) is an ontology written in OWL 2 DL to enable the metadata properties of the [DataCite Metadata Schema (version 4.7)](https://datacite-metadata-schema.readthedocs.io/en/4.7/) to be described in RDF. ![A diagram of the DataCite Ontology.](datacite.png) The main intent of the DataCite Ontology is to provide a flexible mechanism to define identifiers for bibliographic resources (e.g., papers and datasets) and related entities (e.g., authors). To this end, DataCite uses the object property `datacite:hasIdentifier`, which has as its object a member of the class `datacite:Identifier` or of one of its sub-classes (`datacite:ResourceIdentifier`, `datacite:AgentIdentifier` or `datacite:RightsIdentifier`). In turn, `datacite:AgentIdentifier` is further sub-classed by three additional classes, i.e., `datacite:PersonalIdentifier`, `datacite:OrganizationIdentifier`, and `datacite:FunderIdentifier`. The exact nature of the identifier is then defined using the second DataCite object property `datacite:usesIdentifierScheme`, which has as its object the class `datacite:IdentifierScheme` or one of its sub-classes: `datacite:ResourceIdentifierScheme`, `datacite:AgentIdentifierScheme` or `datacite:RightsIdentifierScheme`. `datacite:AgentIdentifierScheme` is further sub-classed by three additional classes, i.e., `datacite:PersonalIdentifierScheme`, `datacite:OrganizationIdentifierScheme`, and `datacite:FunderIdentifierScheme`. This provides a robust method for defining identifiers, since each specific identifier is defined as an individual member of its appropriate identifier scheme class. Of course, existing identifier schemes have been already defined within the ontology. For instance: * `datacite:doi` is an individual member of the class `datacite:ResourceIdentifierScheme` specifying a DataCite Digital Object Identifier (DOI); * `datacite:orcid` is an individual member of the class `datacite:PersonalIdentifierScheme` specifying an Open Researcher and Contributor Identifier (ORCID); * `datacite:fundref` is an individual member of the class `datacite:FunderIdentifierScheme` specifying a FundRef Funder Identifier. As need arises, new identifiers can be added later as new members of each class, without having to modify the structure of the DataCite Ontology. In addition, some members, i.e., `datacite:local-resource-identifier-scheme`, `datacite:local-personal-identifier-scheme`, `datacite:local-organization-identifier-scheme` and `datacite:local-funder-identifier-scheme`, have been already added to permit the use of local identifiers. The class `datacite:DescriptionType`, and the object properties `datacite:hasDescription` and `datacite:hasDescriptionType`, have also been defined in order to link an entity to another item representing an entity description of a particular type. This is defined using the property `datacite:hasDescriptionType`, which must have as its object one of the members of the class `datacite:DescriptionType`, i.e., `datacite:abstract`, `datacite:methods`, `datacite:other`, `datacite:series-information` and `datacite:table-of-content`. In this way, it is possible to associate written documents (e.g. journal articles or data articles) as descriptions of datasets. It is also possible to provide a link between a resource, such as a dataset, and the document describing its metadata by means of the _Citation Typing Ontology_ (CiTO), using the property `cito:citesAsMetadataDocument`, and the _FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology_ (FaBiO), by means of the class `fabio:MetadataDocument`. In addition to these entities, the DataCite Ontology provides appropriate classes (i.e., `datacite:MetadataScheme`) and properties (i.e., `datacite:hasMetadataScheme`) to specify the particular scheme followed for creating the resource metadata exemplified in the metadata document. Finally, with the DataCite Ontology, it is possible to represent situations where a given relation between two entities needs to be qualified in some way, e.g. with a description that specifies the nature of said relation. This is provided by the class `datacite:QualifiedRelation`, which represents a certain relationship existing between two entities. The qualified relation is linked with one entity (more specifically, the subject of the relation) via the object property `datacite:hasRelationSubject`, and with the other (the object of the relation) via the object property `datacite:hasRelationObject`. The type of relation itself is defined via the property `datacite:hasRelationCharacterization`, which links a qualified relation to its characterization made by using an object property such as `dcterms:relation`, `cito:cites`, or `frbr:isPartOf`. This usage involves [OWL2 punning](http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-owl2-new-features-20090611/#F12:_Punning), a mechanism according to which an object property can be used as the object of an OWL assertion by being considered simultaneously both as a normal property and also as a named individual of the class `owl:Thing`. ## Examples of use In the following subsections, we introduce some examples to showcase how to use the DataCite Ontology. The prefixes that are used in all the examples provided below are defined as follows: @prefix : <http://www.sparontologies.net/example/> . @prefix co: <http://purl.org/co/> . @prefix datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/> . @prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . @prefix fabio: <http://purl.org/spar/fabio/> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix literal: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2010/06/literalreification/> . @prefix orcid: <http://orcid.org/> . @prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> . @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> . @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . ### Datasets' DOIs and authors' ORCIDs DataCite allows one to associate identifiers to a bibliographic entity (e.g., a dataset, a person, an article) specifying their exact nature by means of the object property `datacite:usesIdentifierScheme`. In addition, it is also possible, through the object property `datacite:hasDescription`, to link an entity to another item representing an entity description of a particular type. This is defined using the property `datacite:hasDescriptionType`, which must have as its object one of the members of the class `datacite:DescriptionType`, i.e., `datacite:abstract`, `datacite:other`, `datacite:series-information`, `datacite:methods`, and `datacite:table-of-content`. In this way, it is possible to associate written documents (e.g., journal articles) as descriptions of datasets. <http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.15v26> a fabio:Dataset ; datacite:hasIdentifier :dataset-doi ; dcterms:creator orcid:0000-0002-5159-9717 , orcid:0000-0002-7811-3617 ; datacite:hasDescription <http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0486> . <http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.0486> a fabio:JournalArticle ; datacite:hasIdentifier :paper-doi ; dcterms:creator orcid:0000-0002-5159-9717 , orcid:0000-0002-7811-3617 ; datacite:hasDescriptionType datacite:other . :paper-doi a datacite:PrimaryResourceIdentifier ; literal:hasLiteralValue "10.1098/rsbl.2015.0486" ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:doi . :dataset-doi a datacite:PrimaryResourceIdentifier ; literal:hasLiteralValue "10.5061/dryad.mq8r2" ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:doi . orcid:0000-0002-5159-9717 a foaf:Person ; foaf:name "Nidhi Seethapathi" ; datacite:hasIdentifier :seethapathi-orcid . :seethapathi-orcid a datacite:PersonalIdentifier ; literal:hasLiteralValue "0000-0002-5159-9717" ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:orcid . orcid:0000-0002-7811-3617 a foaf:Person ; foaf:name "Manoj Srinivasan" ; datacite:hasIdentifier :srinivasan-orcid . :srinivasan-orcid a datacite:PersonalIdentifier ; literal:hasLiteralValue "0000-0002-7811-3617" ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:orcid . ### Competency Questions The DataCite Ontology can be used for answering several questions related to related to the identification, attribution, and discoverability of research products within a scholarly knowledge graph. In the following subsections, some of them are introduced together with their respective SPARQL queries. The prefixes that are used in all the SPARQL queries provided below are defined as follows: PREFIX datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/> PREFIX dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> PREFIX fabio: <http://purl.org/spar/fabio/> PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> PREFIX literal: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2010/06/literalreification/> #### CQ1 Which article provides the description for a specific dataset identified by the DOI "10.5061/dryad.mq8r2"? SELECT ?article ?article_doi WHERE { ?dataset_id literal:hasLiteralValue "10.5061/dryad.mq8r2" . ?dataset datacite:hasIdentifier ?dataset_id ; a fabio:Dataset ; datacite:hasDescription ?article . ?article datacite:hasIdentifier ?paper_id . ?paper_id literal:hasLiteralValue ?article_doi . } #### CQ2 Who are the creators associated with both the dataset and the article? SELECT DISTINCT ?name ?orcid_uri WHERE { ?dataset a fabio:Dataset ; dcterms:creator ?orcid_uri . ?article a fabio:JournalArticle ; dcterms:creator ?orcid_uri . ?orcid_uri foaf:name ?name . } #### CQ3 What are the names and ORCID iDs of all researchers mentioned in the graph? SELECT ?name ?orcid_value WHERE { ?person a foaf:Person ; foaf:name ?name ; datacite:hasIdentifier ?id_node . ?id_node datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:orcid ; literal:hasLiteralValue ?orcid_value . } #### CQ4 List all resources that have a description type categorized as "other". SELECT ?resource WHERE { ?resource datacite:hasDescriptionType datacite:other . } #### CQ5 How many identifiers are registered for each identifier scheme? SELECT ?scheme (COUNT(?id_node) AS ?count) WHERE { ?id_node datacite:usesIdentifierScheme ?scheme . } GROUP BY ?scheme
This work is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
The DataCite Ontology
datacite
This property allows one to specify the list of the creators of a certain resource.
has creator list
:my-resource datacite:hasDescription :my-resource-additional-info . :my-resource-additional-info literal:hasLiteralValue "A textual description" .
An object property permitting specification of an entity used to describe a resource.
has description
:my-resource-additional-info datacite:hasDescriptionType datacite:abstract .
An object property permitting specification of the type of description used to describe a resource.
has description type
A type of description is defined as an individual of the class datacite:DescriptionType from the DataCite controlled list of Abstract (datacite:abstract), SeriesInformation (datacite:series-information), TableOfContent (datacite:table-of-content) and Other (datacite:other).
:my-resource datacite:hasGeneralResourceType dcmitype:Dataset .
An object property permitting specification of the general type of a resource, defined from the DataCite controlled list.
has general resource type
The DataCite controlled list includes: - dcmitype:MovingImage; - fabio:Book; - fabio:BookChapter; - dcmitype:Collection; - fabio:LaboratoryNotebook; - fabio:ConferencePaper; - fabio:ConferenceProceedings; - fabio:ResourcePaper; - dcmitype:Dataset; - fabio:Thesis; - dcmitype:Event; - dcmitype:StillImage; - dcmitype:InteractiveResource; - fabio:Journal; - fabio:JournalArticle; - fabio:Model; - fabio:DataManagementPlan; - dcmitype:PhysicalObject; - fabio:ConferencePoster; - fabio:Preprint; - fabio:Presentation; - fabio:ProjectPlan; - fabio:ReportDocument; - dcmitype:Service; - dcmitype:Software; - dcmitype:Sound; - fabio:TechnicalStandard; - fabio:Report; - dcmitype:Text; - fabio:Workflow; - frbr:Endeavour. All the prefixes used here refer to external ontologies, i.e., DC Metadata Terms (dcmitype: http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/), FaBiO (fabio: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/), and FRBR (frbr: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#).
:my-resource datacite:hasIdentifier :my-resource-pri .
An object property specifying a datacite:Identifier that provides a unique identifier for the entity (either a funder, a person or a resource).
has identifier
:relation-dataset-article a datacite:QualifiedRelation ; datacite:hasRelationCharacterization cito:isCitedBy .
An object property defining the specific nature or type of the reified relation.
has relation characterization
This property uses as range an existing property via OWL2 punning, according to which it becomes possible to use an object property as the object of an OWL assertion. In such cases of OWL punning, the object properties are simultaneously considered both as normal object properties and also as proper named individuals of the class owl:Thing.
:relation-dataset-article a datacite:QualifiedRelation ; datacite:hasRelationObject :my-article .
An object property linking a reified relation to its object resource.
has relation object
:relation-dataset-article a datacite:QualifiedRelation ; datacite:hasRelationSubject :my-resource .
An object property linking a reified relation to its subject resource.
has relation subject
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:doi .
An object property permitting specification of the identifier scheme used to provide the identifier for an entity (either a funder, a person or a resource).
uses identifier scheme
An identifier scheme is defined as an individual of the class datacite:IdentifierScheme.
:related-document a fabio:MetadataDocument ; datacite:usesMetadataScheme datacite:spar .
The link between a metadata document and the scheme followed for creating metadata.
uses metadata scheme
:essepuntato a datacite:AgentIdentifier ; literal:hasLiteralValue "https://github.com/essepuntato" .
An identifier that uniquely identities an individual agent.
agent identifier
An agent identifier belongs to a particular identifier scheme, specified by an individual within the class datacite:AgentIdentifierScheme (or any of its subclasses).
:silvio-peroni-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:github ; literal:hasLiteralValue "essepuntato" .
The identifier scheme used to identify an agent.
agent identifier scheme
Individual schemes are defines as members of its sub-classes.
:my-resource datacite:hasIdentifier :my-resource-alt . :my-resource-alt a datacite:AlternateResourceIdentifier ; literal:hasLiteralValue "19381256" .
An identifier other than a DOI that is used as an alternative identifier to uniquely identify a resource that is the subject of the DataCite metadata record.
alternate resource identifier
An alternate resource identifier belongs to a particular scheme, such as ISBN, specified by an individual that is a member of the class datacite:ResourceIdentifierScheme.
This class permits classification of the type of description given to a resource described by the DataCite Metadata schema.
description type
Individual members of the class conform to the five values allowed in the DataCite controlled list, namely: * datacite:abstract; * datacite:methods; * datacite:series-information; * datacite:table-of-content; * datacite:other.
:my-funder-id a datacite:FunderIdentifier ; literal:hasLiteralValue "" .
An identifier that uniquely identities a funding agency.
funder identifier
A funder identifier belongs to a particular scheme, such as FundRef, specified by an individual within the class datacite:FunderIdentifierScheme.
:my-funder-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:fundref .
The identifier scheme used to identify a funding agency.
funder identifier scheme
Individual schemes are defines as members of this class. At present, the only individual of this class is datacite:fundref.
An identifier that uniquely identities an entity, such as a funding agency, a person or a resource.
identifier
An identifier belongs to a particular scheme, such as those specified by individuals of the class datacite:IdentifierScheme.
:my-object-id ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:wikidata ; literal:hasLiteralValue "Q113333457" .
The identifier scheme used to identify an entity such as a funding agency, a person or a resource.
identifier scheme
Individual schemes are defines as members of this class.
:my-resource cito:citesAsMetadataDocument :my-resource-metadata . :my-resource-metadata a fabio:MetadataDocument ; datacite:usesMetadataScheme datacite:spar .
The class that describe metadata schemes used for creating a metadata document referring to a certain resource.
metadata scheme
Neither a class for metadata documents nor a property linking a resource to its metadata document are explicitly defined in this ontology. However, we recommend to use the class fabio:MetadataDocument (from http://purl.org/spar/fabio) and cito:citesAsMetadataDocument (from http://purl.org/spar/cito) for providing such descriptions. In addition, if needed, it is possible to use the dataproperty fabio:hasURL (not included in this ontology as well) for defining the actual URL of a certain metadata scheme.
:my-organization-id a datacite:OrganizationIdentifier ; literal:hasLiteralValue "00wb4mk85" .
An identifier that uniquely identities an individual organization.
organization identifier
An organization identifier belongs to a particular identifier scheme, such as ISNI, specified by an individual within the class datacite:OrganizationIdentifierScheme.
:my-organization-id a datacite:OrganizationIdentifier ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:ror .
The identifier scheme used to identify an organization.
organization identifier scheme
:david-shotton datacite:hasIdentifier :david-shotton-id . :david-shotton-id a datacite:PersonalIdentifier ; literal:hasLiteralValue "0000-0001-5506-523X" .
An identifier that uniquely identifies an individual person.
personal identifier
A personal identifier belongs to a particular identifier scheme, such as ORCID, specified by an individual within the class datacite:PersonalIdentifierScheme.
:david-shotton-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:orcid .
The identifier scheme used to identify a person.
personal identifier scheme
:my-resource-id a datacite:PrimaryResourceIdentifier ; literal:hasLiteralValue "10.1371/journal.pntd.0000228.g002.x001" ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:doi .
An identifier that is used as the primary identifier to uniquely identifies the primary resource that is the subject of the DataCite metadata record.
primary resource identifier
This class uses a datacite:IdentifierScheme that is restricted to datacite:doi, an individual in the datacite:ResourceIdentifierScheme.
:relation-dataset-article a datacite:QualifiedRelation ; datacite:hasRelationSubject :my-resource ; datacite:hasRelationObject :my-article ; datacite:hasRelationCharacterization cito:isCitedBy .
A class representing a reified relation between two resources, allowing the assignment of a specific role or type to the connection.
qualified relation
:my-resource-id a datacite:ResourceIdentifier ; literal:hasLiteralValue "10.3457/1098.a45" .
An identifier that is used to uniquely identify a resource.
resource identifier
:my-resource-pri datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:doi .
The identifier scheme used to identify a resource.
resource identifier scheme
Individual schemes are defines as members of this class. For DataCite, the only permitted identifier scheme for the primary resource identifier is the Digital Object Identifier (datacite:doi).
:my-resource-rights datacite:hasIdentifier :my-resource-rights-id . :my-resource-rights-id a datacite:RightsIdentifier ; literal:hasLiteralValue "CC-BY-1.0" .
An identifier that uniquely identifies a license.
rights identifier
A rights identifier belongs to a particular scheme, such as SPDX, specified by an individual within the class datacite:RightsIdentifierScheme.
:my-resource-rights-id a datacite:RightsIdentifier ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:spdx ; literal:hasLiteralValue "CC-BY-1.0" .
The identifier scheme used to identify a license.
rights identifier scheme
Individual schemes are defined as members of this class.
A brief summary of a textual work, appearing at the beginning of the work and designed to act as the point-of-entry that will help the reader quickly to obtain an overview of the work's contents.
abstract
:silvio-peroni-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:acm ; literal:hasLiteralValue "81442604750" .
An ACM Digital Library author ID is a unique identifier found within an ACM Author Profile Page, which consolidates an researcher's publications, citations, and metadata.
acm
The ACM Digital Library author ID is resolvable using the following URL: https://dl.acm.org/profile/<identifier>.
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:ark ; literal:hasLiteralValue "ark:53355/cl010066723" .
An Archival Resource Key (ARK) is a multi-purpose URL suited to being a persistent identifier for information objects of any type.
ark
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:arxiv ; literal:hasLiteralValue "2505.13276" .
The ArXiv ID is a unique identifier for ArXiv (http://arxiv.org/), a open access repository of preprints.
arxiv
An ArXiv ID is resolvable using the following URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/<identifier>.
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:bibcode ; literal:hasLiteralValue "1974AJ.....79..819H" .
The Bibliographic Code (BIBCODE) is a 19 ASCII characters identifier which describes a journal article.
bibcode
The format was originally adopted by the SIMBAD and NED projects, and follows the syntax "YYYYJJJJJVVVVMPPPPA", where: * YYYY: Year of publication; * JJJJJ: A standard abbreviation for the journal (e.g. ApJ, AJ, MNRAS, Sci, PASP, etc.). A list of abbreviations is available; * VVVV: The volume number (for a serial) or an abbreviation that specifies what type of publication it is (e.g. conf for conference proceedings, meet for Meeting proceedings, book for a book, coll for colloquium proceedings, proc for any other type of proceedings); * M: Qualifier for publication; * E: Electronic Abstract (usually a counter, not a page number); * L: Letter; * P: Pink page; * Q-Z: Unduplicating character for identical codes; * PPPP: Page number. Note that for page numbers greater than 9999, the page number is continued in the m column; * A: The first letter of the last name of the first author.
:my-organization-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:crossref ; literal:hasLiteralValue "20280" .
The Crossref member identifier is a unique numerical ID automatically assigned to each organization when they join Crossref to manage their account and content registration.
crossref
A Crossref member identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://api.crossref.org/members/<identifier>.
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:cstr ; literal:hasLiteralValue "31253.11.sciencedb.j00001.00123" .
The Common Science and Technology Resources (CSTR) Identifier is an identifier based on the Chinese National Standard GB/T 32843—2016 “Science and technology resource identification”, providing a unique identification service for scientific data, papers, scientific institutions, researchers, scientific instruments, patents and other scientific and technological resources.
cstr
A Common Science and Technology Resources Identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://www.cstr.cn/<identifier>.
:silvio-peroni-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:dblp ; literal:hasLiteralValue "48/1099" .
The DBLP author identifier is a unique key assigned to each researcher registered on DBLP.
dblp
A DBLP author identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://dblp.org/pid/<identifier>.
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:dblp-record ; literal:hasLiteralValue "conf/semweb/BarzaghiHMP24" .
The DBLP publication identifier is a unique key that identifies a specific publication record, conference, or journal registered on DBLP.
dblp record
A DBLP publication identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://dblp.org/rec/<identifier>.
The Digital Author Identification system assigns a unique number to all authors in the Netherlands research system.
dia
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:dnb ; literal:hasLiteralValue "gnd/7749153-1" .
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek (DNB) catalogue number is a unique identifier assigned to every entry in the DNB catalogue.
dnb
A DNB catalogue number is resolvable from the following URL: https://d-nb.info/<identifier>.
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:doi ; literal:hasLiteralValue "10.1007/978-3-031-77847-6_11" .
The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a unique identifier assigned to identify digital objects.
doi
A DOI is resolvable from the following URL: http://www.doi.org/<identifier>.
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:ean13 ; literal:hasLiteralValue "4003994155486" .
The International Article Number is a unique 13-digit barcode standard used worldwide to identify retail products.
ean13
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:eissn ; literal:hasLiteralValue "1460-2105" .
The Electronic International Standard Serial Number (eISSN) is an eight-digit identifier specifically for electronic versions of serials, such as online journals, databases, or websites.
eissn
:my-funder-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:fundref ; literal:hasLiteralValue "501100000831" .
The FundRef identifier is a unique code assigned by Fundref, a collaborative pilot project of scholarly publishers and funding agencies, facilitated by CrossRef, to provide a standard way of identifying and reporting funding sources for published scholarly research.
fundref
:david-aitken-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:gepris ; literal:hasLiteralValue "209346727" .
The GEPRIS person identifier is a unique, numerical identifier assigned to researchers and investigators in the GEPRIS database.
gepris
A GEPRIS person identifier is resolvable from the following URL: http://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/person/<identifier>.
The GitHub username is a unique identifier assigned to GitHub users.
github
A GitHub username is resolvable from the following URL: https://github.com/<identifier>.
:my-person-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:gitlab ; literal:hasLiteralValue "gitlab-org" .
The GitLab user account is a unique identifier assigned to GitLab users.
GitLab user account
A GitLab user account is resolvable from the following URL: https://gitlab.com/<identifier>.
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:gnd ; literal:hasLiteralValue "7749153-1" .
The Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) identifier is a unique key assigned to authority data managed by the German National Library.
gnd
A Gemeinsame Normdatei identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://d-nb.info/gnd/<identifier>.
:david-shotton-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:google-scholar ; literal:hasLiteralValue "YyvE-_oAAAAJ" .
The Google Scholar author identifier is a unique identifier assigned to authors signed to Google Scholar.
google scholar
A Google Scholar author identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=<identifier>.
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:handle ; literal:hasLiteralValue "20.1000/100" .
The Handle System is a distributed computing technology that provides unique, persistent identifiers (handles) for digital resources, allowing them to be located over time regardless of URL changes.
handle
:silvio-peroni-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:ieee ; literal:hasLiteralValue "37542690500" .
The IEEE Xplore author ID is a unique identifier assigned to authors in IEEE Xplore.
ieee
A IEEE Xplore author ID is resolvable from the following URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/author/<identifier>.
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:igsn ; literal:hasLiteralValue "AU124" .
The International Generic Sample Number (IGSN) is a code that uniquely identifies samples from our natural environment and related features-of-interest.
igsn
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:isbn ; literal:hasLiteralValue "info:ddc/22/eng//004.678" .
The Info URI scheme is a standardized method for identifying information assets that have public identifiers (like ISBNs, DOIs, or LCCNs) but lack a native URI representation.
infouri
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:isbn ; literal:hasLiteralValue "978-81-7525-766-5" .
The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a unique 13-digit commercial identifier for books and monographic publications.
isbn
:david-shotton-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:isni ; literal:hasLiteralValue "0000000117402098" .
The International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI) is an identifier system for uniquely identifying the public identities of contributors to media content.
isni
An ISNI is resolvable from the following URL: http://www.isni.org/<identifier>.
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:issn ; literal:hasLiteralValue "2049-3630" .
The International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) is an eight-digit code to uniquely identify a periodical publication, such as a magazine.
issn
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:istc ; literal:hasLiteralValue "A02-2009-000004BE-A" .
The International Standard Text Code (ISTC) is a standard designed to uniquely identify textual works.
istc
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:ivoid ; literal:hasLiteralValue "ivo://org.gavo.dc/~?flashheros/data/ca92/f0065.mt." .
The IVOA identifier (IVOID) is the identifier of resources within the resource registry (datasets, data access services, etc.) maintained by the International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA).
These identifiers are RFC 3986-compliant URIs with a scheme of ivo. Thus, their generic form is: ivo://<authority><path>?<query>#<fragment>.
:my-person-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:jst ; literal:hasLiteralValue "200901000000000000" .
The Japanese Science and Technology Agency (JST) identifier is a unique code assigned to scientific research products by the Japan Science and Technology Agency.
jst
:marcos-bagno-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:lattes ; literal:hasLiteralValue "9975840620597737" .
The Lattes Platform number is an identifier for a Lattes Platform entry related to a person or group.
lattes
A Lattes Platform number is resolvable from the following URL: http://lattes.cnpq.br/<identifier>.
:silvio-peroni-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:linkedin ; literal:hasLiteralValue "essepuntato" .
The LinkedIn personal profile identifier is an unique identifier assigned to a LinkedIn user.
linkedin
A LinkedIn personal profile identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://www.linkedin.com/in/<identifier>.
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:lissn ; literal:hasLiteralValue "1748-7188" .
The Linking International Standard Serial Number (LISSN) is an identifier that connects different media versions of the same serial publication.
lissn
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:loc ; literal:hasLiteralValue "sh2010112128" .
The Library of Congress (LoC) authority identifier is a unique identifier used for authority control in the Library of Congress.
loc
A Library of Congress authority identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://id.loc.gov/authorities/<identifier>.
A funder identifier scheme that provides local funder identifiers that are unique in their local environment and understood by the person submitting the metadata.
local funder identifier scheme
An organization identifier scheme that provides local organization identifiers that are unique in their local environment and understood by the person submitting the metadata.
local organization identifier scheme
A personal identifier scheme that provides local personal identifiers that are unique in their local environment and understood by the person submitting the metadata.
local personal identifier scheme
A resource identifier scheme that provides local resource identifiers that are unique in their local environment and understood by the person submitting the metadata.
local resource identifier scheme
:gustav-dirichlet-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:math-genealogy ; literal:hasLiteralValue "17946" .
The Life Science Identifier (LSID) is a unique identifier used for uniquely naming significant resources in the biology domain.
lsid
The Mathematics Genealogy Project identifier is an identifier for mathematicians and computer scientists at the Mathematics Genealogy Project.
math genealogy
A Mathematics Genealogy Project identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=<identifier>.
:my-resource-additional-info datacite:hasDescriptionType datacite:methods .
A description in a research paper documenting the specialized methods used in the work described.
methods
:my-person-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:national-insurance-number ; literal:hasLiteralValue "QQ123456C" .
The United Kingdom National Insurance Number is a code used to uniquely identify in the tax system, banking, social welfare, online government services and electoral registration.
national insurance number
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:nihmsid ; literal:hasLiteralValue "NIHMS44135" .
The NIH Manuscript Submission Identifier (NIHMSID) is a preliminary article identifier that applies only to manuscripts deposited through the NIHMS system.
nihmsid
:shizumu-nomura-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:nii ; literal:hasLiteralValue "9000363887724" .
The National Individual Identifier (NII) is a unique number assigned to citizens, residents and visitors for tracking and verification purposes.
nii
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:oci ; literal:hasLiteralValue "06101801781-06180334099" .
The Open Citation Identifier (OCI) is a persistent identifier for bibliographic citations, created and maintained by OpenCitations (http://opencitations.net).
oci
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:oclc ; literal:hasLiteralValue "1587443818" .
The OCLC control number is a unique identifier assigned by OCLC to each bibliographic record input into WorldCat.
oclc
An OCLC control number is resolvable from the following URL: https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/<identifier>.
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:omid ; literal:hasLiteralValue "br/06101801781" .
The OpenCitations Meta Identifier (OMID) is a persistent identifier for bibliographic resources, created and maintained by OpenCitations (http://opencitations.net).
The OMID is structured as follows: entity_type_abbreviation/supplier_prefixsequential_number (e.g. "br/0601", where "br" is the entity type, "060" is the supplier prefix, and "1" is the sequential number).
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:openalex ; literal:hasLiteralValue "w1995055324" .
The OpenAlex ID is a unique identifier assigned to each entity included in OpenAlex.
OpenAlex ID
An OpenAlex ID has two parts. The first part is the base, that is always https://openalex.org/. The second part is the key, i.e. the unique primary key that identifies a given resource in our database. The key starts with a letter that tells us the kind of entity: W(ork), A(uthor), V(enue), I(nstitution), or C(oncept). In addition, the IDs are not case-sensitive, so w2741809807 is just as valid as W2741809807.
The Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR) is a service that lists open access repositories, and uses numerical internal identifiers to store their record.
OpenID is an open standard that describes how users can be authenticated in a decentralized manner, eliminating the need for centralized registration services.
openid
:david-shotton-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:orcid ; literal:hasLiteralValue "0000-0001-5506-523X" .
The Open Researcher and Contributor Identifier (ORCID) is a unique identifier for individuals to use as they engage in research, scholarship, and innovation activities.
orcid
An ORCID is resolvable from the following URL: http://orcid.org/<identifier>.
:my-resource-additional-info datacite:hasDescriptionType datacite:other .
A catch-all description type required by the DataCite Metadata Schema to characterize description types that are not abstracts, series information or tables of content.
other
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:pii ; literal:hasLiteralValue "S0960-894X(96)00515-X" .
The Publisher Item Identifier is a unique identifier used by several scientific journal publishers to identify documents.
pii
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:pmcid ; literal:hasLiteralValue "PMC6513384" .
The PubMed Central Identifier (PMCID) is a bibliographic identifier for the PubMed Central database.
pmcid
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:pmid ; literal:hasLiteralValue "29943802" .
The PubMed Identifier (PMID) is a bibliographic identifier for the PubMed database.
pmid
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:purl ; literal:hasLiteralValue "http://purl.org/spar/cito" .
The Persistent Uniform Resource Locator (PURL) is a URL that is used to redirect to the location of a requested web resource.
purl
:andrei-shleifer-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:repec ; literal:hasLiteralValue "psh93" .
The RePEc Short identifier is a unique, permanent identifier for researchers registered in the RePEc Author Service.
repec
A RePEc Short Identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://authors.repec.org/pro/<identifier>.
:david-shotton-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:research-gate ; literal:hasLiteralValue "David-Shotton-2" .
The ResearchGate profile identifier is a unique code for researchers registered in the ResearchGate platform.
research gate
A ResearchGate profile identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/<identifier>.
:david-shotton-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:researcherid ; literal:hasLiteralValue "DXS-2121-2022" .
The ResearcherID is an identifying system for scientific authors created and owned by Thomson Reuters.
researcherid
:my-organization-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:ror ; literal:hasLiteralValue "00wb4mk85" .
The Research Organization Registry (ROR) Community identifier is a unique code assigned to research organizations.
ror
A ROR identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://ror.org/<identifier>.
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:rrid ; literal:hasLiteralValue "RRID:AB_262044" .
The Research Resource IDentifier (RRID) is a character string used to uniquely identify key inputs to an experiment including the so-called “key biological resources” as defined by the National Institutes of Health, and related tools such as core facilities and databases.
rrid
An RRID name is divided into two parts, the authority and a local identifier, separated by an underscore.
:my-object-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:scigraph ; literal:hasLiteralValue "013217540103.39" .
The SciGraph ID is an unique identifier used for referring to entities in the Springer Nature SciGraph dataset.
SciGraph ID
:my-resource-additional-info datacite:hasDescriptionType datacite:series-information .
Used to charactierize a description of a resource that is part of a series.
series information
:my-object-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:sici ; literal:hasLiteralValue "0002-8231(199412)45:10<737:TIODIM>2.3.TX;2-M" .
The Serial Item and Contribution Identifier (SICI) is a code used to uniquely identify specific volumes, articles or other identifiable parts of a serial.
sici
:my-person-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:sici ; literal:hasLiteralValue "999-00-9999" .
The United States of America social security number is a nine-digit number issued to U.S. residents.
social security number
The Semantic Publishing and Referencing Ontologies, a.k.a. SPAR Ontologies, form a suite of orthogonal and complementary OWL 2 DL ontology modules for the creation of comprehensive machine-readable RDF metadata for every aspect of semantic publishing and referencing: document description, bibliographic resource identifiers, types of citations and related contexts, bibliographic references, document parts and status, agents' roles and contributions, bibliometric data and workflow processes.
SPAR Ontologies
:my-object-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:spase ; literal:hasLiteralValue "spase://Example/NumericalData/MagProbe-1/Mag/PT1D" .
The SPASE resource identifier is the identifier of resources included in the resource registry (datasets, instruments, observatories, etc) maintained by the Space Physics Archive Search and Extract (SPASE) group.
Such identifiers are RFC 3986-compliant URIs with a scheme of spase, and only implementing the authority and path parts of the specification. Thus, their generic form is: spase://<authority><path>.
:my-resource-rights-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:spdx ; literal:hasLiteralValue "CC-BY-1.0" .
The SPDX License List is a list of commonly found licenses and exceptions used in free and open source and other collaborative software or documentation.
spdx
A SPDX identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://spdx.org/licenses/<identifier>.
:my-resource-additional-info datacite:hasDescriptionType datacite:table-of-content .
A table of content giving information about the content of a resource, appearing before the body text. Where the resource is a journal or magazine issue, the table of content lists the constituent items contained in that issue, typically by title, authors and first page number.
table of content
:silvio-peroni-id ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:twitter ; literal:hasLiteralValue "@essepuntato" .
A Twitter handle is the unique identifier assigned to Twitter users.
A Twitter handle is resolvable from the following URL: https://twitter.com/<identifier>.
The Universal Product Code (UPC) is a unique number used to identify products and their manufacturers.
upc
:fabio-id ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:uri ; literal:hasLiteralValue "http://purl.org/spar/fabio" .
The Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a unique identifier for abstract or physical resources.
uri
:my-resource-id ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:url ; literal:hasLiteralValue "https://www.sparontologies.net/" .
The Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a unique identifier for a resource retrievable on the World Wide Web.
url
:my-resource-id ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:urn ; literal:hasLiteralValue "urn:isbn:9780141036144" .
The Uniform Resource Name (URN) is a unique identifier for a resource, following the URN scheme.
urn
:david-shotton-id ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:viaf ; literal:hasLiteralValue "7484794" .
The Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) is an international authority file created by amalagamating the national authority files of several national libraries and operated by the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC). It contains information about many topics including personal names.
viaf
A VIAF identifier is resolvable from the following URL: http://viaf.org/<identifier>.
:my-resource-id ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:wikidata ; literal:hasLiteralValue "changes/4/aldrovandi" .
The W3id.org identifier is a secure, permanent URL re-direction service for Web applications, run by the W3C Permanent Identifier Community Group.
It has the shape of a URL starting with "https://w3id.org/" plus a local identifier that completes it (e.g. "https://w3id.org/changes").
:my-resource-id ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:wikidata ; literal:hasLiteralValue "Q113333457" .
The Wikidata QID is a unique identifier used for the entities in Wikidata.
A Wikidata QID is resolvable from the following URL: https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/<identifier>.
:my-resource-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:wikipedia ; literal:hasLiteralValue "The_Canterbury_Tales" .
The Wikipedia page name is a unique identifier used to refer to any entity present in a Wikipedia database.
wikipedia
A Wikipedia page name is resolvable from the following URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/<identifier>.
:silvio-peroni datacite:hasIdentifier :silvio-peroni-id . :silvio-peroni-id datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:zbmath ; literal:hasLiteralValue "peroni.silvio" .
The zbMATH author identifier is a unique identifier used for a person in the Zentralblatt MATH database.
zbmath
A zbMATH author identifier is resolvable from the following URL: https://zbmath.org/authors/?q=ai:<identifier>.