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FaBiO, the FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology

Release: 2017-05-29

Modified on: 2026-05-18
This version:: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/2026-05-18
Latest version:: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
Previous version:: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/2023-05-09
Revision:: 2.3
Issued on:: 2017-05-29
Authors:: David Shotton; Silvio Peroni
Contributors:: Paolo Ciccarese; Sebastian Barzaghi; Tim Clark
Imported Ontologies:: frbr
See also:: http://www.sparontologies.net/ontologies/fabio
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License:
Cite as:: Peroni, S., Shotton, D. (2012). FaBiO and CiTO: ontologies for describing bibliographic resources and citations. In Journal of Web Semantics, 17: 33-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.websem.2012.08.001. Open Access at: http://speroni.web.cs.unibo.it/publications/peroni-2012-fabio-cito-ontologies.pdf
DOI:
Vocabulary maintained at:: https://github.com/SPAROntologies/fabio

Published version

Abstract

The FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology (FaBiO) is an ontology for recording and publishing on the Semantic Web descriptions of entities that are published or potentially publishable, and that contain or are referred to by bibliographic references, or entities used to define such bibliographic references.

Introduction back to ToC

The _FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology_ (_FaBiO_) is an ontology for recording and publishing on the Semantic Web descriptions of entities that are published or potentially publishable, and that contain or are referred to by bibliographic references, or entities used to define such bibliographic references. FaBiO entities are primarily textual publications such as books, magazines, newspapers and journals, and items of their content such as poems, conference papers and editorials. However, they also include blogs, web pages, datasets, computer algorithms, experimental protocols, formal specifications and vocabularies, legal records, governmental papers, technical and commercial reports and similar publications, and also anthologies, catalogues and similar collections. FaBiO classes are structured according to the **FRBR schema** of **Works**, **Expressions**, **Manifestations** and **Items**. Additional properties have been added to extends the FRBR data model by linking Works and Manifestations (`fabio:hasManifestation` and `fabio:isManifestationOf`), Works and Items (`fabio:hasPortrayal` and `fabio:isPortrayedBy`), and Expressions and Items (`fabio:hasRepresentation` and `fabio:isRepresentedBy`).

Namespace declarations

Table 1: Namespaces used in the document
basic	<http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/>
bibo	<http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/>
by	<https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>
core	<http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#>
dc	<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>
fabio	<http://purl.org/spar/fabio/>
mod	<https://w3id.org/mod#>
ns	<http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#>
owl	<http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>
rdf	<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
rdfs	<http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
schema	<https://schema.org/>
skos	<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>
spar	<http://purl.org/spar/>
terms	<http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
vaem	<http://www.linkedmodel.org/schema/vaem#>
vann	<http://purl.org/vocab/vann/>
vocab	<https://w3id.org/widoco/vocab#>
xml	<http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace>
xsd	<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>

FaBiO, the FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology: Overview back to ToC

This ontology has the following classes and properties.

Description

The FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology (FaBiO) is an ontology for recording and publishing on the Semantic Web descriptions of entities that are published or potentially publishable, and that contain or are referred to by bibliographic references, or entities used to define such bibliographic references. FaBiO entities are primarily textual publications such as books, magazines, newspapers and journals, and items of their content such as poems, conference papers and editorials. However, they also include blogs, web pages, datasets, computer algorithms, experimental protocols, formal specifications and vocabularies, legal records, governmental papers, technical and commercial reports and similar publications, and also anthologies, catalogues and similar collections.

FaBiO already imports several entities from existing standards for bibliographic entity descriptions, i.e., FRBR, DC Terms, PRISM and SKOS. In addition, FaBiO has been developed so to limit any restriction to its classes as well as the domains and ranges of its properties. This flexibility has the great advantage of allowing FaBiO to be used together with other models.

In particular, FaBiO classes are structured according to the FRBR schema of Works, Expressions, Manifestations and Items. The following Graffoo diagram shows additional properties that have been added to extends the FRBR data model by linking Works and Manifestations (fabio:hasManifestation and fabio:isManifestationOf), Works and Items (fabio:hasPortrayal and fabio:isPortrayedBy), and Expressions and Items (fabio:hasRepresentation and fabio:isRepresentedBy).

A diagram of FaBiO.

With FaBiO, it thus becomes possible:

to write semantic descriptions of a wide variety of bibliographic objects, including conference papers (fabio:ConferencePaper), journal articles (fabio:JournalArticle), journal issues and volumes (fabio:JournalIssue and fabio:JournalVolume), using terms that closely resemble the language used in everyday speech by academics and publishers;
to employ FRBR categories (i.e., fabio:Work, fabio:Expression, fabio:Manifestation and fabio:Item, all subclasses of the related FRBR classes) to define clear separations between each part of the publishing process, which involves different people (authors, publishers, readers), depending on which aspect of the bibliographic entity we are considering: the high-level conceptualisation of the research paper, the version of record of that paper forming a journal article, the publication of the article in various formats, and the individual physical or electronic exemplars of the published article that people may read and own;
to include with ease elements from other vocabularies which describe particular entities involved in the publishing process that are not specified by FaBiO itself, such as those from FOAF for persons and organisations.

Examples of use

In the following subsections, we introduce some examples to showcase how to use FaBiO.

The prefixes that are used in all the examples provided below are defined as follows:

@prefix : <http://www.sparontologies.net/example/> .
@prefix application: <http://purl.org/NET/mediatypes/application/> .
@prefix co: <http://purl.org/co/> .
@prefix dbpedia: <http://dbpedia.org/resource/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix fabio: <http://purl.org/spar/fabio/> .
@prefix facet: <http://link.springer.com/facet/> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix frbr: <http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#> .
@prefix prism: <http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

Describing a bibliographic entity

FaBiO allows one to describe information related to a bibliographic entity such as the following one:

Pompeu Casanovas, Núria Casellas, Christoph Tempich, Denny Vrandečić, Richard Benjamins (2007). OPJK and DILIGENT: ontology modeling in a distributed environment. Artificial Intelligence and Law, 15 (2): 171-186. June 2007. Springer. DOI: 10.1007/s10506-007-9036-2. Print ISSN 0924-8463. Online ISSN 1572-8382. Published online (PDF) May 31, 2007.

From the previous reference we can extract the following information:

the document is an academic research article – deducible from the journal in which it is published;
Pompeu Casanovas, Núria Casellas, Christoph Tempich, Denny Vrandečić, and Richard Benjamins are the authors of the article;
the article was published in 2007;
the article is titled OPJK and DILIGENT: ontology modeling in a distributed environment;
it was published in the 2nd issue of the 15th volume of Artificial Intelligence and Law;
the DOI of the article is 10.1007/s10506-007-9036-2;
the Print ISSN of the journal is 0924-8463;
the Online ISSN of the journal is 1572-8382;
the PDF version of the article was published online on May 31, 2007;
the journal issue within which the printed version of the article was published bears the publication date June 2007;
the page range of the article within the printed version is 171-186;
the publisher of the journal is Springer.

By using FaBiO entities, which also include part of the FRBR, DC Terms and PRISM vocabularies, it is possible to create a full description of all the aspects introduced by the aforementioned twelve points.

:opjk-and-diligent a fabio:ResearchPaper ;
    dcterms:creator :casanovas , :casellas,
        :tempich, :vrandecic, :benjamins ;
    frbr:realization :version-of-record .

:version-of-record a fabio:JournalArticle ;
    dcterms:title 'OPJK and DILIGENT: ontology
        modeling in a distributed environment' ;
    fabio:hasPublicationYear '2007'^^xsd:gYear ;
    prism:doi '10.1007/s10506-007-9036-2' ;
    frbr:embodiment :printed , :pdf ;
    frbr:partOf :ai-and-law-15-2 .

:ai-and-law-15-2 a fabio:JournalIssue ;
    prism:issueIdentifier '2' ;
    frbr:embodiment :printed-issue ;
    frbr:partOf :ai-and-law-15 .

:ai-and-law-15 a fabio:JournalVolume ;
    prism:volume '15' ;
    frbr:partOf :ai-and-law .

:ai-and-law a fabio:Journal ;
    dcterms:title 'Artificial Intelligence and Law' .

:printed-issue a fabio:Paperback ;
    dcterms:publisher :springer ;
    prism:publicationDate '2007-06'^^xsd:gYearMonth ;
    frbr:part :printed .

:printed a fabio:PrintObject ;
    dcterms:publisher :springer ;
    prism:publicationDate '2007-06'^^xsd:gYearMonth ;
    prism:startingPage '171' ;
    prism:endingPage '186' .

:pdf a fabio:DigitalManifestation ;
    dcterms:publisher :springer ;
    dcterms:format application:pdf ;
    prism:publicationDate '2007-05-31'^^xsd:date .

:casanovas a foaf:Person ;
    foaf:givenName 'Pompeu' ;
    foaf:familyName 'Casanovas' .

:casellas a foaf:Person ;
    foaf:givenName 'Nuria' ;
    foaf:familyName 'Casellas' .

:tempich a foaf:Person ;
    foaf:givenName 'Christoph' ;
    foaf:familyName 'Tempich' .

:vrandecic a foaf:Person ;
    foaf:givenName 'Denny' ;
    foaf:familyName 'Vrandečić' .

:benjamins a foaf:Person ;
    foaf:givenName 'Richard' ;
    foaf:familyName 'Benjamins' .

:springer a foaf:Organization ;
    foaf:name 'Springer' .

Specifying ordered lists of authors

Sometimes, it is important to keep track of the actual order the authors of a paper as they appear in the author list. The usual approach is to use RDF collections for handling it. However, this choice can have several drawbacks, first of all that it is not a fully OWL 2 DL compliant way of modelling ordered items – and this could result in having reasoners running with unexpected behaviour or not running at all.

Even if FaBiO does not handle author ordering directly, it is possible to use it in combination with other pure OWL 2 DL compliant ontologies, such as the Collections Ontology (CO) – that is fully described in the paper 'The Collections Ontology: creating and handling collections in OWL 2 DL frameworks' by Ciccarese and Peroni – which was specifically designed for defining orders among items. This ontology allows us to link a co:List of authors through the dcterms:creator property.

:opjk-and-diligent a fabio:ResearchPaper ;
    dcterms:creator :author-list .

:author-list a co:List , foaf:Group ;
    co:firstItem :author-item-1 ;
    co:item
        :author-item-1 ,
        :author-item-2 ,
        :author-item-3 ,
        :author-item-4 ,
        :author-item-5 ;
    co:lastItem :author-item-5 ;
    co:size '5'^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger .

:author-item-1 a co:ListItem ;
    co:index '1'^^xsd:positiveInteger ;
    co:itemContent :casanovas ;
    co:nextItem :author-item-2 .

:author-item-2 a co:ListItem ;
    co:index '2'^^xsd:positiveInteger ;
    co:itemContent :casellas ;
    co:nextItem :author-item-3 .

:author-item-3 a co:ListItem ;
    co:index '3'^^xsd:positiveInteger ;
    co:itemContent :tempich ;
    co:nextItem :author-item-4 .

:author-item-4 a co:ListItem ;
    co:index '4'^^xsd:positiveInteger ;
    co:itemContent :vrandecic ;
    co:nextItem :author-item-5 .

:author-item-5 a co:ListItem ;
    co:index '5'^^xsd:positiveInteger ;
    co:itemContent :benjamins .

:casanovas a foaf:Person ;
    foaf:givenName 'Pompeu' ;
    foaf:familyName 'Casanovas' .

:casellas a foaf:Person ;
    foaf:givenName 'Nuria' ;
    foaf:familyName 'Casellas' .

:tempich a foaf:Person ;
    foaf:givenName 'Christoph' ;
    foaf:familyName 'Tempich' .

:vrandecic a foaf:Person ;
    foaf:givenName 'Denny' ;
    foaf:familyName 'Vrandečić' .

:benjamins a foaf:Person ;
    foaf:givenName 'Richard' ;
    foaf:familyName 'Benjamins' .

Associating keywords, subject terms and disciplines to a paper

One of the most important needs for a publisher is to categorise each bibliographic entity it produces by adding free-text keywords and/or specific terms structured according to recognised classification systems and/or thesauri developed for specific academic disciplines. While through FaBiO the definition of keywords is possible using the PRISM property prism:keyword, terms from thesauri, structured vocabularies and classification systems are described using SKOS.

To this end, FaBiO extends some classes and properties of SKOS. First of all any FRBR endeavour can be associated (fabio:hasSubjectTerm) with one or more descriptive terms (fabio:SubjectTerm, a sub-class of skos:Concept) found in a specific dictionary (fabio:TermDictionary, a sub-class of skos:ConceptScheme) that is relevant to (fabio:hasDiscipline) particular disciplines (fabio:SubjectDiscipline, also a sub-class of skos:Concept) describing a field of knowledge or human activity such as computer science, biology, economics, cookery or swimming. At the same time, the subject disciplines can be grouped by an opportune vocabulary (i.e., fabio:DisciplineDictionary).

:opjk-and-diligent a fabio:ResearchPaper ;
    fabio:hasSubjectTerm
        facet:air-and-space-law ,
        facet:computational-linguistics ,
        facet:philosophy-of-law ,
        facet:legal-aspects-of-computing ,
        facet:artificial-intelligence-incl-robotics ;
    prism:keywords
        'legal ontologies' ,
        'methodology' ,
        'ontology modeling' ,
        'professional knowledge' ,
        'rhetorical structure theory' .

<http://link.springer.com/facet> a fabio:TermDictionary ;
    skos:prefLabel 'Facet dictionary used in Springer library' ;
    fabio:hasDiscipline
        dbpedia:Computer_science ,
        dbpedia:Law .

facet:air-and-space-law a fabio:SubjectTerm ;
    skos:prefLabel 'Air and Space Law' ;
    skos:inScheme <http://link.springer.com/facet> .

facet:computational-linguistics a fabio:SubjectTerm ;
    skos:prefLabel 'Computational Linguistics' ;
    skos:inScheme <http://link.springer.com/facet> .

facet:philosophy-of-law a fabio:SubjectTerm ;
    skos:prefLabel 'Philosophy of Law' ;
    skos:inScheme <http://link.springer.com/facet> .

facet:legal-aspects-of-computing a fabio:SubjectTerm ;
    skos:prefLabel 'Legal Aspects of Computing' ;
    skos:inScheme <http://link.springer.com/facet> .

facet:artificial-intelligence-incl-robotics a fabio:SubjectTerm ;
    skos:prefLabel 'Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics)' ;
    skos:inScheme <http://link.springer.com/facet> .

Competency Questions

FaBiO can be used for answering several questions related to bibliographic objects and other entities involved in the publishing process.

In the following subsections, some of them are introduced together with their respective SPARQL queries.

The prefixes that are used in all the SPARQL queries provided below are defined as follows:

PREFIX dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>
PREFIX fabio: <http://purl.org/spar/fabio/>
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
PREFIX frbr: <http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#>
PREFIX prism: <http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/>
PREFIX skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>

CQ1

What are the titles and publication years of all available journal articles?

SELECT ?title ?year
WHERE {
?article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
        dcterms:title ?title ;
        fabio:hasPublicationYear ?year .
}

CQ2

Who are the authors (first and last names) of the article with the DOI '10.1007/s10506-007-9036-2'?

SELECT ?givenName ?familyName
WHERE {
?article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
        prism:doi '10.1007/s10506-007-9036-2' .

?paper a fabio:ResearchPaper ;
        frbr:realization ?article ;
        dcterms:creator ?author .

?author foaf:givenName ?givenName ;
        foaf:familyName ?familyName .
}

CQ3

In which journal, volume, and issue was the article with the DOI '10.1007/s10506-007-9036-2'?

SELECT ?journalTitle ?volume ?issue
WHERE {
?article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
        prism:doi '10.1007/s10506-007-9036-2' ;
        frbr:partOf ?journalIssue .

?journalIssue a fabio:JournalIssue ;
        prism:issueIdentifier ?issue ;
        frbr:partOf ?journalVolume .

?journalVolume a fabio:JournalVolume ;
        prism:volume ?volume ;
        frbr:partOf ?journal .

?journal a fabio:Journal ;
        dcterms:title ?journalTitle .
}

CQ4

What are the keywords associated with the article with the DOI '10.1007/s10506-007-9036-2'?

SELECT ?keyword
WHERE {
?article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
        prism:doi '10.1007/s10506-007-9036-2' .

?paper a fabio:ResearchPaper ;
        prism:keywords ?keyword .
}

CQ5

What are the preferred labels of all subject terms assigned to the article with the DOI '10.1007/s10506-007-9036-2'?

SELECT ?keyword
WHERE {
?article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
        prism:doi '10.1007/s10506-007-9036-2' .

?paper a fabio:ResearchPaper ;
        fabio:hasSubjectTerm ?subjectTerm .

?subjectTerm a fabio:SubjectTerm ;
        skos:prefLabel ?subjectLabel .
}

Cross-reference for FaBiO, the FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by FaBiO, the FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology.

Classes

abstract
academic proceedings
addendum
algorithm
analog item
analog manifestation
analog storage medium
announcement
anthology
API
application profile
archival document
archival document set
archival record
archival record set
article
artistic work
audio document
authority file
bachelor's thesis
bibliographic database
bibliographic metadata
biography
blog
blog post
book
book chapter
book review
book series
book set
brief report
call for applications
case for support
case for support document
case report
catalog
chapter
citation metadata
clinical case report
clinical guideline
clinical trial design
clinical trial report
collected works
comment
complete works
computer application
computer file
computer program
concept
concept scheme
conference paper
conference poster
conference proceedings
controlled vocabulary
correction
corrigendum
cover
critical edition
data file
data management plan
data management policy
data management policy document
data repository
database
database management system
dataset
definitive version
deliverable
deliverable report
demo paper
diary
digital item
digital manifestation
digital storage medium
directory
discipline dictionary
doctoral thesis
document repository
dust jacket
e-mail
editorial
entity metadata
entry
erratum
essay
examination paper
excerpt
executive summary
experimental protocol
expression
expression collection
figure
film
folksonomy
Gantt chart
grant application
grant application document
hardback
image
in brief
in-use paper
index
instruction manual
instructional work
item
item collection
journal
journal article
journal editorial
journal issue
journal news item
journal volume
laboratory notebook
lecture notes
legal opinion
letter
library catalog
literary artistic work
magazine
magazine article
magazine editorial
magazine issue
magazine news item
manifestation
manifestation collection
manuscript
master's thesis
meeting report
metadata
metadata document
methods paper
microblog
micropost
minimal information standard
model
movie
moving image
musical composition
nanopublication
news item
news report
newspaper
newspaper article
newspaper editorial
newspaper issue
newspaper news item
notebook
notification of receipt
novel
obituary
ontology
ontology document
opinion
oration
page
paperback
patent
patent application
patent application document
patent document
periodical
periodical issue
periodical item
periodical volume
personal communication
Ph.D. symposium paper
play
poem
policy
policy document
position paper
poster paper
postprint
preprint
presentation
press release
print object
proceedings paper
product review
project metadata
project plan
proof
proposition
questionnaire
quotation
rapid communication
reference book
reference entry
reference work
relational database
reply
report
report document
reporting standard
repository
research paper
resource paper
retraction
retraction notice
review
review article
review paper
scholarly work
screenplay
script
series
short story
software
song
sound recording
specification
specification document
spreadsheet
standard operating procedure
still image
storage medium
structured summary
subject discipline
subject term
supplement
supplementary information file
systematic review
table
table of contents
taxonomy
technical report
technical standard
term dictionary
textbook
thesaurus
thesis
timetable
trial report
triplestore
tweet
uncontrolled vocabulary
vocabulary
vocabulary document
vocabulary mapping
vocabulary mapping document
web archive
web content
web manifestation
web page
web site
white paper
wiki
wiki entry
wikipedia entry
work
work collection
work package
workflow
working paper
workshop paper
workshop proceedings

abstract^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Abstract

A brief summary of a work on a particular subject, designed to act as the point-of-entry that will help the reader quickly to obtain an overview of the work's contents. The abstract may be an integral part of the work itself, written by the same author(s) and appearing at the beginning of a work such as a research paper, report, review or thesis. Alternatively it may be separate from the published work itself, and written by someone other than the author(s) of the published work, for example by a member of a professional abstracting service such as CAB Abstracts.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-abstract a fabio:Abstract ;
            c4o:hasContent 'In the legal domain, ontologies enjoy quite some reputation as a way to model normative knowledge about laws and jurisprudence.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c
is disjoint with: structured summary ^c

academic proceedings^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/AcademicProceedings

A document containing the programme and collected papers, or their abstracts, presented at an academic meeting.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-academic-proceedings a fabio:AcademicProceedings ;
            dcterms:title 'Patent Infringement Proceedings'@en ;
            frbr:part :my-proceedings-paper .

has super-classes: expression collection ^c
has sub-classes: conference proceedings ^c, workshop proceedings ^c

addendum^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Addendum

An item of material added at the end of a book or other publication, typically to include omitted or late-arriving material.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-addendum a fabio:Addendum ;
            dcterms:title 'Addendum: Unified framework for open quantum dynamics with memory'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

algorithm^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Algorithm

A precise sequential set of pre-defined logical rules or computational operations to be employed for solving a particular problem in a finite number of steps.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-algorithm a fabio:Algorithm ;
            dcterms:title 'Distance Calculator'@en ;
            dcterms:computer :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'Algorithm for calculating the distance between to geo locations.'@en .

has super-classes: specification ^c

analog item^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/AnalogItem

A real object that is an exemplar of a `fabio:Manifestation`, such as a particular copy of the book 'Alice's adventures in Wonderland', that a person may own.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-analog-item a fabio:AnalogItem ;
            dcterms:title 'On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection'@en ;
            fabio:isStoredOn fabio:paper ;
            frbr:exemplarOf :my-analog-manifestation  .

has super-classes: item ^c
is disjoint with: digital item ^c

analog manifestation^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/AnalogManifestation

A manifestation in an analog form.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-analog-manifestation a fabio:AnalogManifestation ;
            dcterms:title 'On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection'@en ;
            frbr:exemplar :my-analog-item .

has super-classes: manifestation ^c
has sub-classes: print object ^c
is disjoint with: digital manifestation ^c

analog storage medium^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/AnalogStorageMedium

A means of storing information in non-digital form, e.g. paper, film (for analogue photographs or movies), magnetic tape (for analogue sound recordings or video recordings) or vinyl disc.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        fabio:paper a fabio:AnalogStorageMedium .

has super-classes: storage medium ^c
has members: analog magnetic tape ⁿⁱ, film ⁿⁱ, paper ⁿⁱ, vinyl disk ⁿⁱ

announcement^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Announcement

A formal statement about something.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-announcement a fabio:Announcement ;
            dcterms:title 'Open Access Publisher acquires 'The Journal of Future Science''@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'Official press release announcing the strategic acquisition of the journal to expand our Open Access portfolio.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c
has sub-classes: notification of receipt ^c, retraction ^c

anthology^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Anthology

A collection of selected literary or scholastics works, for example poems, short stories, plays or research papers.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-anthology a fabio:Anthology ;
            dcterms:title 'The Best Science Fiction Ever Written'@en ;
            frbr:part :my-story, :my-another-story .

has super-classes: expression collection ^c
has sub-classes: collected works ^c

API^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ApplicationProgrammingInterface

A computer program, commonly abbreviated as 'API', that enables a separate computer to interact programmatically with the computer running it.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-api a fabio:ApplicationProgrammingInterface ;
            dcterms:title 'OpenCitations Meta REST API' ;
            dcterms:description 'The REST API for OpenCitations Meta, the OpenCitations dataset containing bibliographic metadata associated with the documents involved in the citations stored in the OpenCitations Indexes.'@en .

has super-classes: computer program ^c

application profile^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ApplicationProfile

A set of metadata elements, policies and guidelines defined for a particular application.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-application-profile a fabio:ApplicationProfile ;
            dcterms:title 'The Cultural Heritage Acquisition and Digitisation Application Profile (CHAD-AP)' ;
            dcterms:description 'CHAD-AP is a CIDOC CRM application profile implemented as an OWL ontology for describing the acquisition and digitisation processes of cultural heritage objects.'@en .

has super-classes: metadata ^c

archival document^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ArchivalDocument

An archival document is a realization of the content related to an archival record. It can be exemplified as a book, a document, a letter, a database, etc.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-archival-document a fabio:ArchivalDocument ;
            dcterms:title 'Letter from Alan Turing to the Editor of Nature, 1945'@en ;
            dcterms:identifier 'MS-TUR-01-A' ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-archival-record ;
            dcterms:description 'A handwritten letter preserved in the university archives.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

archival document set^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ArchivalDocumentSet

A collection of archival document.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-archival-document-set a fabio:ArchivalDocumentSet ;
            dcterms:title 'Collection of documents related to Alan Turing's correspondence'@en ;
            frbr:part :my-archival-document, :my-another-archival-document ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-archival-record-set ;
            dcterms:description 'A collection of various archival documents.'@en .

has super-classes: expression collection ^c

archival record^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ArchivalRecord

An archival record connotes a material created or received by a person, family, or organization, public or private, in the conduct of their affairs that is preserved because of the enduring value contained in the information it contains or as evidence of the function and the responsibilities of its creator.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-archival-record a fabio:ArchivalRecord ;
            dcterms:title 'Correspondence of Alan Turing regarding Enigma decryption'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :alan-turing ;
            frbr:realization :my-archival-document ;
            dcterms:description 'The conceptual archival entity representing the correspondence created by Alan Turing during his research.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c

archival record set^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ArchivalRecordSet

A collection of archival records.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-archival-record-set a fabio:ArchivalRecordSet ;
            dcterms:title 'The Alan Turing War-time Correspondence Collection'@en ;
            frbr:part :my-archival-record, :my-another-archival-record ;
            frbr:realization :my-archival-document-set ;
            dcterms:description 'The conceptual collection of all archival records created by Turing during the conflict.'@en .

has super-classes: work collection ^c

article^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Article

The realization of a piece of writing on a particular topic, usually published within a periodical publication (e.g. journal, magazine and newspaper).

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-article a fabio:Article ;
            dcterms:title 'Automatic SHACL shapes generation'@en ;
            frbr:embodiment :my-digital-manifestation .

has super-classes: expression ^c
has sub-classes: journal article ^c, magazine article ^c, newspaper article ^c, review article ^c

artistic work^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ArtisticWork

It describes any work regarded as art in its widest sense, including works from literature and music, visual art, etc.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-artistic-work a fabio:ArtisticWork ;
            dcterms:title 'The Starry Night'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :vincent-van-gogh ;
            dcterms:description 'The conceptual artistic creation representing Van Gogh's vision of the night sky from Saint-Rémy-de-Provence.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c
has sub-classes: literary artistic work ^c

audio document^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/AudioDocument

The realization of a sound recording.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-audio-document a fabio:AudioDocument ;
            dcterms:title 'Audio recording of the interview with Tim Berners-Lee'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-sound-recording .

has super-classes: expression ^c

authority file^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/AuthorityFile

A controlled vocabulary or official list that establishes, for consistency, the authoritative forms of headings, and the preferred terms or proper names to be used, when creating a catalogue or when indexing and searching a set of entities within a defined domain.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-authority-file a fabio:AuthorityFile ;
            dcterms:title 'Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A controlled vocabulary that clusters different forms of a name into a single authoritative record.'@en .

has super-classes: controlled vocabulary ^c
is disjoint with: taxonomy ^c, thesaurus ^c

bachelor's thesis^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BachelorsThesis

A thesis reporting a research project undertaken as part of an undergraduate course of education leading to a bachelor's degree.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-bachelors-thesis a fabio:BachelorsThesis ;
            dcterms:title 'Sorting Algorithms Performance Analysis in Python'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A thesis submitted for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science.'@en .

has super-classes: thesis ^c
is disjoint with: doctoral thesis ^c, master's thesis ^c

bibliographic database^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BibliographicDatabase

A database providing an authoritative source of bibliographic information.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-bibliographic-database a fabio:BibliographicDatabase ;
            dcterms:title 'Scopus'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A large abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature.'@en .

has super-classes: database ^c

bibliographic metadata^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BibliographicMetadata

Standard bibliographic metadata describing an expression of a work.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-bibliographic-metadata a fabio:BibliographicMetadata ;
            dcterms:title 'Bibliographic record for 'The Semantic Web''@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'Standard descriptive metadata including author, title, and publication date.'@en .

has super-classes: metadata ^c

biography^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Biography

An account of the events, works and achievements, both personal and professional, of a person, either living or dead.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-biography a fabio:Biography ;
            dcterms:title 'Einstein: His Life and Universe'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:subject <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5109-3700> ; 
            dcterms:description 'A comprehensive scholarly work detailing the life history and scientific contributions of Albert Einstein.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c

blog^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Blog

A Web publication medium containing blog posts.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-blog a fabio:Blog ;
            dcterms:title 'The Semantic Web Insights Blog'@en ;
            frbr:part :my-blog-post, :my-another-blog-post ;
            fabio:hasURL 'https://blog.example.org/semantic-web'^^xsd:anyURI ;
            dcterms:description 'A web manifestation used for publishing periodic entries about linked data technologies.'@en .

has super-classes: web manifestation ^c
has sub-classes: microblog ^c

blog post^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BlogPost

Information manifested in a blog, one of a set of periodic sequential entries containing commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as images or videos, usually displayed in reverse-chronological order and usually maintained by an individual, or comments on such a post.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-blog-post a fabio:BlogPost ;
            dcterms:title 'The Future of Linked Open Data in 2026'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'An individual entry published on a blog discussing the evolution of LOD standards.'@en .

has super-classes: entry ^c, web content ^c

book^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Book

A non-serial document that is complete in one volume or a designated finite number of volumes. A book published by a publisher is usually identified by an International Standard Book Number (ISBN), and may be manifested as a physical printed publication on paper bound in a hard or soft cover, or in electronic format as an 'e-book'.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-book a fabio:Book ;
            dcterms:title 'On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :charles-darwin ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-work ;
            frbr:embodiment :my-analog-manifestation ;
            dcterms:language <http://lexvo.org/id/iso639-3/eng> .

has super-classes: expression ^c
has sub-classes: notebook ^c, reference book ^c, textbook ^c, thesis ^c

book chapter^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BookChapter

A defined chapter of a book, usually with a separate title or number.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-book-chapter a fabio:BookChapter ;
            dcterms:title 'Chapter 4: Methodology for Ontology Engineering'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            frbr:partOf :my-book ;
            dcterms:description 'A specific chapter focused on engineering methodologies within a scholarly handbook.'@en .

has super-classes: chapter ^c

book review^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BookReview

A written review and critical analysis of the content, scope and quality of a book or other monographic work.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-book-review a fabio:BookReview ;
            dcterms:title 'A Critical Analysis of Darwin's Evolutionary Theory'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:subject :origin-of-species ;
            dcterms:description 'A detailed scholarly review and critical analysis of the arguments presented in 'On the Origin of Species'.'@en .

has super-classes: review ^c

book series^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BookSeries

A sequence of books having certain characteristics in common that are formally identified together as a group.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-book-series a fabio:BookSeries ;
            dcterms:title 'Lecture Notes in Computer Science'@en ;
            prism:issn '0302-9743' ;
            frbr:part :my-book, :my-another-book ;
            dcterms:description 'A theoretical and professional book series focused on computer science research and development.'@en .

has super-classes: series ^c
is disjoint with: book set ^c

book set^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BookSet

A set of books having certain characteristics in common that informally allow their identification together as a group - for instance, the books of the Harry Potter saga.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-book-set a fabio:BookSet ;
            dcterms:title 'The Lord of the Rings (Boxed Set)'@en ;
            frbr:part :my-book, :my-another-book, :my-even-another-book ;
            dcterms:description 'A finite collection of books published together as a single unit or boxed set.'@en .

has super-classes: expression collection ^c
is disjoint with: book series ^c

brief report^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BriefReport

A brief report document. This term may also be used synonymously with Rapid Communication to mean 'A short rapidly published research article or conference paper, typically reporting significant research results that have been recently discovered, or a brief news item reporting such discoveries.'

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-brief-report a fabio:BriefReport ;
            dcterms:title 'Preliminary Observations on the New Omicron Subvariant'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A short report providing early data and rapid updates on ongoing clinical observations.'@en ;
            dcterms:subject <http://purl.uniprot.org/keywords/949> .

has super-classes: expression ^c
has sub-classes: executive summary ^c

call for applications^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/CallForApplications

A document published by a funding agency requesting submission of applications for financial grants to fund projects, for example to enable research investigations in areas specified in the Call.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-call-for-applications a fabio:CallForApplications ;
            dcterms:title 'ERC Starting Grants 2026 Call'@en ;
            fabio:hasDeadline '2025-10-15T17:00:00Z'^^xsd:dateTime ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-proposition ;
            dcterms:description 'Formal request for research proposals from early-career scientists to provide long-term funding.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

case for support^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/CaseForSupport

A part of a grant application that provides a description of a proposed project and gives reasons why it is worthy of funding.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-case-for-support a fabio:CaseForSupport ;
            dcterms:title 'Scientific Rationale for Neural Network Optimization Project'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            frbr:realization :my-case-for-support-document ;
            dcterms:description 'The conceptual work providing the intellectual justification and research plan for a grant application.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c

case for support document^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/CaseForSupportDocument

A document containing the case for support for a particular project, usually contained within a grant application document but sometimes distributed separately, without the financial and organizational information that the grant application document also contains.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-case-for-support-document a fabio:CaseForSupportDocument ;
            dcterms:title 'Case for Support: Neural Network Optimization Project'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-case-for-support ;
            frbr:embodiment :my-digital-manifestation ;
            dcterms:language <http://lexvo.org/id/iso639-3/eng> .

has super-classes: expression ^c

case report^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/CaseReport

A report about a particular case or situation.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-case-report a fabio:CaseReport ;
            dcterms:title 'Rare neurological manifestations in a 45-year-old patient'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:subject <http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D009422> ;
            dcterms:description 'A detailed report of the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of an individual clinical case.'@en .

has super-classes: report ^c
has sub-classes: clinical case report ^c

catalog^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Catalog

A list of items describing the content of a resource, for example items in an exhibition, items offered for sale by a vendor, or entities contained within a library or collection. Ideally, catalogs are created according to specific and uniform principles of construction and are under the control of an authority file.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-catalog a fabio:Catalog ;
            dcterms:title 'Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) - University Library'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A systematic list of items, such as books or manuscripts, arranged in a specific order to facilitate discovery.'@en .

has super-classes: specification ^c
has sub-classes: library catalog ^c

chapter^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Chapter

A defined document section, forming part of or intended for inclusion within a larger document, usually with its own title or chapter number. Different chapters within a document such as a book or a report may each be independently authored, or may all be authored by a single individual or group of authors.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-chapter a fabio:Chapter ;
            dcterms:title 'Introduction to SPARQL Query Language'@en ;
            frbr:partOf :my-book ;
            fabio:hasSequenceIdentifier '1' ;
            dcterms:description 'The introductory chapter of a technical handbook.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c
has sub-classes: book chapter ^c

citation metadata^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/CitationMetadata

Metadata describing the citations made within a work to other works, and (optionally) some characteristics of the expressions of the cited works.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-citation-metadata a fabio:CitationMetadata ;
            dcterms:title 'Citation data for 'On the Origin of Species''@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A collection of metadata specifically focused on the references and citations made by or to a particular work.'@en .

has super-classes: metadata ^c

clinical case report^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ClinicalCaseReport

A presentation of findings following a clinical or medical investigation on a human or animal patient, that may contain a diagnosis and proposals for therapeutic treatment and/or epidemiological control measures, or may propose further evaluative studies that will eventually lead to such outcomes.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-clinical-case-report a fabio:ClinicalCaseReport ;
            dcterms:title 'Clinical management of severe respiratory distress in a pediatric patient'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:subject <http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000086382> ;
            dcterms:description 'A detailed clinical report covering diagnosis, therapeutic interventions, and outcome of a specific patient.'@en .

has super-classes: case report ^c

clinical guideline^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ClinicalGuideline

A recommendation on the appropriate treatment and care of people with a specific disease or condition, based on the best available evidence, designed to help healthcare professionals in their work.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-clinical-guideline a fabio:ClinicalGuideline ;
            dcterms:title 'International Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:subject <http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D006973> ;
            dcterms:description 'Systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances.'@en .

has super-classes: instructional work ^c

clinical trial design^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ClinicalTrialDesign

A predefined written procedural method, designed to ensure reliability of findings, for undertaking a medical or veterinary clinical study of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic or prophylactic drugs or treatments, or of devices or techniques, involving a randomized controlled trial for evidence-based assessment in humans or animals, specifying criteria of eligibility, nature of controls, sampling schedules, data collection parameters, statistical analyses, reporting standards, etc. to be employed in undertaking the clinical trial.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-clinical-trial-design a fabio:ClinicalTrialDesign ;
            dcterms:title 'Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Phase III Study Design'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'The conceptual framework and methodological plan for conducting a specific clinical trial.'@en .

has super-classes: specification ^c

clinical trial report^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ClinicalTrialReport

The report of a pre-planned medical or veterinary clinical study of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic or prophylactic drugs, or of devices, treatments or techniques, involving a randomized controlled trial for evidence-based assessment in humans or animals selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for evidence of favourable and unfavourable effects.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-clinical-trial-report a fabio:ClinicalTrialReport ;
            dcterms:title 'Final Report on Phase III Efficacy of mRNA-1273 Vaccine'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A comprehensive document reporting the methodology, data, and clinical outcomes of a completed clinical trial.'@en .

has super-classes: trial report ^c

collected works^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/CollectedWorks

A collection of the literary or scholastic works of a single person.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-collected-works a fabio:CollectedWorks ;
            dcterms:title 'Luigi Pirandello's works'@en ;
            frbr:part :my-artistic-work, :my-another-artistic-work ;
            dcterms:description 'The complete intellectual output of Luigi Pirandello, gathered as a single conceptual collection.'@en .

has super-classes: anthology ^c
has sub-classes: complete works ^c

comment^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Comment

A verbal or written remark concerning some entity. In written form, a comment is often appended to that entity and termed an annotation. Within computer programs or ontologies, comments are added to enhance human understanding, and are usually prefaced by a special syntactic symbol that ensures they are ignored during execution of the program.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-comment a fabio:Comment ;
            dcterms:title 'Clarification on the methodology section'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A brief note or remark providing clarification or personal opinion on a specific part of a document.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c
has sub-classes: retraction notice ^c

complete works^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/CompleteWorks

A collection of all the literary or scholastic works of a single person.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-complete-works a fabio:CompleteWorks ;
            dcterms:title 'Dante Alighieri: the complete works'@en ;
            frbr:part :my-work, :my-another-work, :my-even-another-work ;
            dcterms:description 'The complete set of all the intellectual works of Dante Alighieri, published as a comprehensive collection.'@en .

has super-classes: collected works ^c

computer application^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ComputerApplication

A computer program designed to assist a human user to perform one or more goal-oriented tasks such as word processing or image processing.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-computer-application a fabio:ComputerApplication ;
            dcterms:title 'OpenRefine'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-software ;
            dcterms:description 'A powerful tool for working with messy data: cleaning it; transforming it from one format into another; and extending it with web services and external data.'@en .

has super-classes: computer program ^c

computer file^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ComputerFile

A digital item containing information in computer-readable form encoded in a particular format.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-computer-file a fabio:ComputerFile ;
            dcterms:title 'research_data_results_2026'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'An exemplar of a digital manifestation, stored as a discrete file on a computer system.'@en .

has super-classes: digital item ^c

computer program^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ComputerProgram

A unit of computer code in source or compiled form, employing one or more algorithms to be executed by a digital computer to undertake a particular task. Computer programs are collectively called 'software' to distinguish them from the equipment ('hardware') upon which they run.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-computer-program a fabio:ComputerProgram ;
            dcterms:title 'Statistical Analysis Script in Python'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-software ;
            dcterms:language <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/languages/python> ;
            dcterms:description 'A set of instructions written in Python to automate data cleaning and visualization.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c
has sub-classes: API ^c, computer application ^c, database management system ^c, script ^c

concept^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept

A SKOS concept can be viewed as an idea or notion; a unit of thought. However, what constitutes a unit of thought is subjective, and this definition is meant to be suggestive, rather than restrictive.

Is defined by: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

Term status: stable

Term rationale: The notion of a SKOS concept is useful when describing the conceptual or intellectual structure of a knowledge organization system, and when referring to specific ideas or meanings established within a KOS.

Example

        :my-concept a skos:Concept ;
            skos:prefLabel 'Semantic Web'@en ;
            skos:definition 'An extension of the World Wide Web that enables computers to interpret the meaning of data.'@en ;
            skos:inScheme :my-concept-scheme .

has sub-classes: subject discipline ^c, subject term ^c
is in domain of: is in scheme ^op
is in range of: is scheme of ^op
is disjoint with: concept scheme ^c

concept scheme^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#ConceptScheme

A SKOS concept scheme can be viewed as an aggregation of one or more SKOS concepts.

Is defined by: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

Term status: stable

Term rationale: The notion of a concept scheme is useful when dealing with data from an unknown source, and when dealing with data that describes two or more different knowledge organization systems.

Example

        :my-concept-scheme a skos:ConceptScheme ;
            dcterms:title 'Semantic Web Technologies'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            skos:hasTopConcept :semantic-web ;
            dcterms:description 'An organized set of concepts.'@en .

has sub-classes: discipline dictionary ^c, term dictionary ^c
is in domain of: is scheme of ^op
is in range of: is in scheme ^op
is disjoint with: concept ^c

conference paper^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ConferencePaper

A paper, typically the realization of a research paper reporting original research findings, usually published within a conference proceedings volume.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-conference-paper a fabio:ConferencePaper ;
            dcterms:title 'Advancements in Neural Symbolic Integration' ;
            frbr:partOf :my-conference-proceedings ;
            dcterms:description 'A paper presented at a conference and subsequently published in the conference proceedings.'@en .

has super-classes: proceedings paper ^c

conference poster^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ConferencePoster

A display poster, typically containing text with illustrative figures and/or tables, usually reporting research results or proposing hypotheses, submitted for acceptance to and/or presented at a conference, seminar, symposium, workshop or similar event.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-conference-poster a fabio:ConferencePoster ;
            dcterms:title 'Visualizing Neural-Symbolic Integration: A Case Study'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A large printed or digital sheet presenting research data and findings at a conference poster session.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

conference proceedings^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ConferenceProceedings

A document containing the programme and collected conference papers, or their abstracts, presented at a conference, seminar, symposium or similar event.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-conference-proceedings a fabio:ConferenceProceedings ;
            dcterms:title 'Proceedings of the 25th International Semantic Web Conference'@en ;
            frbr:part :my-conference-paper, :my-another-conference-paper ;
            dcterms:description 'The formal record of a conference, containing the collection of papers and abstracts presented.'@en .

has super-classes: academic proceedings ^c

controlled vocabulary^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ControlledVocabulary

A collection of selected words and phrases related to a particular domain of knowledge used to permit consistency of metadata annotation and improved retrieval following a search, in which homonyms, synonyms and similar ambiguities of meaning present in natural language are disambiguated.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-controlled-vocabulary a fabio:ControlledVocabulary ;
            dcterms:title 'Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A predefined list of terms used for indexing, cataloging, and searching to ensure consistency.'@en .

has super-classes: vocabulary ^c
has sub-classes: authority file ^c, ontology ^c, taxonomy ^c, thesaurus ^c

correction^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Correction

A correction to an error in a previously published document.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-correction a fabio:Correction ;
            dcterms:title 'Correction to: Analysis of Climate Data Trends (2024)'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A formal statement identifying and correcting errors in a previously published document.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c
has sub-classes: corrigendum ^c, erratum ^c

corrigendum^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Corrigendum

A formal correction to an error introduced by the author into a previously published document.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-corrigendum a fabio:Corrigendum ;
            dcterms:title 'Corrigendum to: 'New Insights into Quantum Gravity''@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A notification of errors made by the authors in the original publication, issued as a formal correction.'@en .

has super-classes: correction ^c

cover^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Cover

A protective covering used to bind together the pages of a document or the first, informative, page of a digital document.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-cover a fabio:Cover ;
            dcterms:title 'Front Cover of Nature, Volume 600'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'The outer protective layer of a publication, often containing the title, author, and illustrative artwork.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

critical edition^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/CriticalEdition

A new edition of a historical publication, edited by a scholar other than the original author, containing within the body text the supposedly best version of the original work, with footnotes detailing and commenting on textual variations between different versions, typically with an introduction to the original work written by the scholar, and with a bibliography listing related publications.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-critical-edition a fabio:CriticalEdition ;
            dcterms:title 'The Divine Comedy according to the antica vulgata (ed. Giorgio Petrocchi)'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A scholarly edition of a text that includes an apparatus criticus, based on the analytical study of variant readings in different manuscripts.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c

data file^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DataFile

A realisation of a fabio:Dataset (a frbr:Work) containing a defined collection of data with specific content and possibly with a specific version number, that can be embodied as a fabio:DigitalManifestation (a frbr:Manifestation with a specific format) and be represented by a specific fabio:ComputerFile (a frbr:Item) on someone's hard drive.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-data-file a fabio:DataFile ;
            dcterms:title 'Raw Survey Data on Urban Mobility'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-dataset ;
            dcterms:description 'A computer file containing structured or unstructured data, intended for processing by computer applications.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

data management plan^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DataManagementPlan

A structured document giving information about how data arising from a research project or other endeavour is to be manages, preserved and shared.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-data-management-plan a fabio:DataManagementPlan ;
            dcterms:title 'Data Management Plan for Project OpenScience'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-proposition ;
            dcterms:description 'A formal document outlining how data will be handled during and after a research project.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

data management policy^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DataManagementPolicy

A policy that describes and defines how data should be managed, preserved and shared.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-data-management-policy a fabio:DataManagementPolicy ;
            dcterms:title 'Institutional Policy on Research Data Management'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A policy specifically addressing the principles and requirements for managing, storing, and sharing research data.'@en .

has super-classes: policy ^c

data management policy document^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DataManagementPolicyDocument

A document embodying a policy that describes and defines how data should be managed, preserved and shared.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-data-management-policy-document a fabio:DataManagementPolicyDocument ;
            dcterms:title 'Official Research Data Policy Document'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-data-management-policy ;
            dcterms:description 'A physical or digital document that contains the text of a data management policy.'@en .

has super-classes: policy document ^c

data repository^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DataRepository

A repository for storing data.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-data-repository a fabio:DataRepository ;
            dcterms:title 'Zenodo'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A multi-disciplinary shared research data repository, helping researchers receive credit for making their research results available.'@en .

has super-classes: repository ^c

database^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Database

A structured collection of logically related records or data usually stored and retrieved using computer-based means.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-database a fabio:Database ;
            dcterms:title 'GenBank'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A comprehensive database that contains publicly available nucleotide sequences for more than 300,000 named organisms.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c
has sub-classes: bibliographic database ^c, directory ^c, relational database ^c, triplestore ^c

database management system^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DatabaseManagementSystem

A software, commonly abbreviated as 'DBMS', used to create a database.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-database-management-system a fabio:DatabaseManagementSystem ;
            dcterms:title 'PostgreSQL 16.0'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-software ;
            dcterms:description 'A powerful, open source object-relational database system used to create, manage, and query databases.'@en .

has super-classes: computer program ^c

dataset^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Dataset

A collection of related facts, often expressed in numerical form and encoded in a defined structure.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-dataset a fabio:Dataset ;
            dcterms:title 'Global Temperature Anomalies Dataset 2026'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A collection of related data records, with a specific focus on monthly temperature variations recorded globally.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c
has sub-classes: timetable ^c

definitive version^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DefinitiveVersion

The final published expression of a work that bears the publisher's imprimatur.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-definitive-version a fabio:DefinitiveVersion ;
            dcterms:title 'The Role of AI in Modern Medicine - Final Version'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'The final version of an expression as it was published or released, incorporating all corrections and peer review changes.'@en .

has super-classes: manuscript ^c

deliverable^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ProjectReportDocument

A document containing a project report, intended to be delivered to a customer or funding agency describing the results achieved within a specific project.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-project-report-document a fabio:ProjectReportDocument ;
            dcterms:title 'Project X final report'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-project-report ;
            dcterms:description 'A document containing a report on the progress, results or status of a project.'@en .

has super-classes: report document ^c

deliverable report^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ProjectReport

A report describing the outcomes of specific project, typically listing 'deliverables' created or 'milestones' achieved during the project.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-project-report a fabio:ProjectReport ;
            dcterms:title 'Report on first semester 2026'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A report on the progress, results or status of a project.'@en .

has super-classes: report ^c

demo paper^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DemoPaper

A demonstration paper, typically describing a new product, service or system created as a result of research, usually presented during a conference or workshop.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-demo-paper a fabio:DemoPaper ;
            dcterms:title 'Visualizing Knowledge Graphs: A Real-time Interactive Tool'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A short paper describing a practical demonstration of a system, software tool, or technology presented at a conference.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

diary^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Diary

A personal record, in a form of book, with discrete entries (often handwritten) arranged by date, reporting what has happened over the course of a day or other period of time.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-diary a fabio:Diary ;
            dcterms:title 'John's personal diary'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            frbr:part :my-entry ;
            dcterms:description 'A record of personal experiences, thoughts, and daily events, kept regularly by an individual.'@en .

has super-classes: notebook ^c

digital item^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DigitalItem

A digital object, such as a computer file.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-digital-item a fabio:DigitalItem ;
            frbr:exemplarOf :my-digital-manifestation ;
            fabio:hasURL 'https://example.org/download/paper.epub' ;
            fabio:isStoredOn fabio:floppy-disk .

has super-classes: item ^c
has sub-classes: computer file ^c
is disjoint with: analog item ^c

digital manifestation^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DigitalManifestation

A manifestation that represents data in binary form, encoding the data as a series of 0s and 1s.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-digital-manifestation a fabio:DigitalManifestation ;
            dcterms:publisher :my-publisher ;
            frbr:exemplar :my-digital-item ;
            dcterms:format application:epub ;
            prism:publicationDate '2007-05-31'^^xsd:date .

has super-classes: manifestation ^c
has sub-classes: web manifestation ^c
is disjoint with: analog manifestation ^c

digital storage medium^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DigitalStorageMedium

A means of storing information in digital form, involving binary encoding of data in 0s and 1s, e.g. a computer random access memory, hard disc, USB stick, CD, DVD or digital magnetic tape.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        fabio:floppy-disk a fabio:DigitalStorageMedium .

has super-classes: storage medium ^c
has members: CD ⁿⁱ, HD ⁿⁱ, RAM ⁿⁱ, World Wide Web ⁿⁱ, cloud ⁿⁱ, digital magnetic tape ⁿⁱ, digital versatile disc ⁿⁱ, floppy disk ⁿⁱ, internet ⁿⁱ, intranet ⁿⁱ, solid state memory ⁿⁱ

directory^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Directory

A database of information which is heavily optimized for reading.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-directory a fabio:Directory ;
            dcterms:title 'University Research Staff Directory 2026'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A systematic list of names, addresses, and other data of persons or organizations.'@en .

has super-classes: database ^c

discipline dictionary^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DisciplineDictionary

A discipline dictionary is a collection of subject disciplines.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-discipline-dictionary a fabio:DisciplineDictionary ;
            dcterms:title 'Dictionary of Clinical Medicine'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :medical-society ;
            fabio:isSchemeOf <http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D008511> ;
            dcterms:description 'A dictionary containing the specialized vocabulary and terminology used in the field of medicine.'@en .

has super-classes: concept scheme ^c
is disjoint with: term dictionary ^c

doctoral thesis^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DoctoralThesis

A thesis reporting the research undertaken during a period of graduate study leading to a doctoral degree.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-doctoral-thesis a fabio:DoctoralThesis ;
            dcterms:title 'Scalable Error Correction in Quantum Computing Architecture'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.'@en .

has super-classes: thesis ^c
is disjoint with: bachelor's thesis ^c, master's thesis ^c

document repository^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DocumentRepository

A repository for storing documents.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-document-repository a fabio:DocumentRepository ;
            dcterms:title 'Institutional Open Access Repository'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A digital platform designed to collect, preserve, and disseminate the intellectual output of an institution or a specific community.'@en .

has super-classes: repository ^c

dust jacket^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DustJacket

A detachable outer cover, usually made of paper and printed with text and illustrations. This outer cover has folded flaps that hold it to the cover of a document.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-dust-jacket a fabio:DustJacket ;
            dcterms:title 'Dust jacket for The Hobbit, First Edition'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :j-r-r-tolkien ;
            dcterms:description 'The detachable outer paper cover of a book, often with decorative illustrations and a summary of the work.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

e-mail^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Email

A message transmitted over the internet as an item of electronic mail, typically based on the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). Emails can have computer files containing documents, dataset and images attached to them or embedded within them.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-email a fabio:Email ;
            dcterms:title 'Update on laboratory results - Feb 2026'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A message distributed by electronic means from one computer user to one or more recipients via a network.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

editorial^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Editorial

The realization of an opinion written by an editor.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-editorial a fabio:Editorial ;
            dcterms:title 'The Future of Open Science in 2026'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-opinion ;
            dcterms:description 'An article expressing the opinion or policy of the editors or publishers of a publication.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c
has sub-classes: journal editorial ^c, magazine editorial ^c, newspaper editorial ^c

entity metadata^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/EntityMetadata

Metadata describing the work itself, including for example the name of the creator(s), the title of the work, and the date and place of its creation.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-entity-metadata a fabio:EntityMetadata ;
            dcterms:title 'Metadata for Article 123'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A set of data that describes and gives information about an entity, such as its creator, date, and subject.'@en .

has super-classes: metadata ^c

entry^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Entry

An item written or printed in a diary, list, account book, reference book, or database.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-entry a fabio:Entry ;
            dcterms:title 'Entry for 'Semantic Web''@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A self-contained section of a reference work, such as a dictionary, encyclopedia, or index.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c
has sub-classes: blog post ^c, micropost ^c, reference entry ^c, wiki entry ^c

erratum^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Erratum

A formal correction to an error introduced by the publisher into a previously published document.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-erraturm a fabio:Erratum ;
            dcterms:title 'Erratum to: Quantum Computing Efficiency (Vol 12, 2025)'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A published correction of a significant error in a previously published work.'@en .

has super-classes: correction ^c

essay^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Essay

A piece of non-fiction writing on a particular subject, usually of moderate length and without chapters.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-essay a fabio:Essay ;
            dcterms:title 'A Modern Reflection on Digital Ethics'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A short literary composition on a particular theme or subject, usually in prose and generally analytical, speculative, or interpretative.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c

examination paper^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ExaminationPaper

A set of questions on a particular topic designed to test the academic, professional or technical ability of the person taking the examination, with achievement of a pass grade in the examination typically being a prerequisite for the award of an educational award such as a degree, or of a professional or technical qualification.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-examination-paper a fabio:ExaminationPaper ;
            dcterms:title 'Final Exam: Ontology Engineering and Semantic Web'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A formal document containing a set of questions or exercises used to evaluate a student's knowledge or skills in a specific subject.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c

excerpt^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Excerpt

A segment or passage selected from a larger expression for use in another expression, usually with specific attribution to its original source.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-excerpt a fabio:Excerpt ;
            dcterms:title 'Excerpt from Chapter 1: The Beginning'@en ;
            frbr:partOf :my-book ;
            dcterms:description 'A short extract from a film, broadcast, or piece of music or writing.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

executive summary^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ExecutiveSummary

An executive summary is a brief report summarizing a longer formal report, designed to present the key points, conclusions and recommendations arising from the study being reported, for readers too busy to take the time to read the complete report.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-executive-summary a fabio:ExecutiveSummary ;
            dcterms:title 'Executive Summary: Annual Research Impact 2025'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A short section of a document that summarizes a longer report or proposal in such a way that readers can rapidly become acquainted with a large body of material.'@en .

has super-classes: brief report ^c

experimental protocol^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ExperimentalProtocol

A predefined written procedural method, designed to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same or other laboratories, that describes the overall objectives, organization and implementation of a scientific experiment, and specifies the experimental design, experimental methods, reagents, instrumentation, sampling schedules, data collection parameters, statistical analyses, image processing procedures, safety precautions, reporting standards, etc. employed in undertaking the experiment.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-experimental-protocol a fabio:ExperimentalProtocol ;
            dcterms:title 'Standard Protocol for PCR Optimization v4'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A detailed plan of a scientific experiment or medical treatment, outlining the precise steps to be followed.'@en .

has super-classes: specification ^c

expression^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Expression

A subclass of FRBR Expression, restricted to expressions of `fabio:Work`.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-expression a fabio:Expression ;
            dcterms:title 'Towards a new Semantic Web'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-work ;
            frbr:embodiment :my-digital-manifestation ;
            dcterms:description 'The intellectual content of a work.'@en .

has super-classes: Expression ^c
has sub-classes: Gantt chart ^c, Ph.D. symposium paper ^c, abstract ^c, addendum ^c, archival document ^c, article ^c, audio document ^c, book ^c, brief report ^c, call for applications ^c, case for support document ^c, chapter ^c, comment ^c, computer program ^c, conference poster ^c, cover ^c, data file ^c, data management plan ^c, database ^c, demo paper ^c, dust jacket ^c, e-mail ^c, editorial ^c, entry ^c, excerpt ^c, expression collection ^c, figure ^c, grant application document ^c, index ^c, instruction manual ^c, lecture notes ^c, letter ^c, manuscript ^c, metadata document ^c, movie ^c, nanopublication ^c, news item ^c, oration ^c, periodical issue ^c, periodical volume ^c, personal communication ^c, policy document ^c, poster paper ^c, presentation ^c, proceedings paper ^c, project plan ^c, quotation ^c, rapid communication ^c, report document ^c, repository ^c, specification document ^c, spreadsheet ^c, supplement ^c, supplementary information file ^c, table ^c, vocabulary document ^c, web content ^c

expression collection^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ExpressionCollection

A collection of expressions, for example a periodical or a book series.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-expression-collection a fabio:ExpressionCollection ;
            dcterms:title 'Collected Papers on Biotechnology 2020-2025'@en ;
            frbr:part :my-research-paper, :my-dataset ;
            dcterms:description 'A collection of expressions, such as a book series or a thematic set of research articles.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c
has sub-classes: academic proceedings ^c, anthology ^c, archival document set ^c, book set ^c, periodical ^c, series ^c

figure^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Figure

A visual communication object comprising one or more still images on a related theme. If included within a publication, a figure is typically unaligned with the main body of text, having its own descriptive textual figure legend.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-figure a fabio:Figure ;
            dcterms:title 'Figure 1: Annual Population Growth'@en ;
            frbr:partOf :my-research-paper ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-still-image ;
            dcterms:description 'A visual representation of information, such as a drawing, painting, photograph, or diagram, used to illustrate or explain a point.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

film^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Film

A movie with an accompanying soundtrack, typically created by a professional film studio, designed to communicate a fictional story, record an artistic event, or impart information that is scientific or documentary in nature.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-film a fabio:Film ;
            dcterms:title 'Interstellar'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :christopher-nolan ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-moving-image ;
            dcterms:description 'A motion picture or movie, consisting of a sequence of images that give the illusion of continuous movement.'@en .

has super-classes: movie ^c

folksonomy^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Folksonomy

A system of classification derived from the practice and method of collaboratively creating and managing tags to annotate and categorize content in a particular domain.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-folksonomy a fabio:Folksonomy ;
            dcterms:title 'User-generated tags for Nature Photography'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A system of classification derived from the practice of collaboratively creating and managing tags to annotate and categorize content.'@en .

has super-classes: uncontrolled vocabulary ^c

Gantt chart^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/GanttChart

A horizontal bar chart used to guide project planning, execution and control, illustrating the project schedule, with a separate line indicating the start and end dates of each of the key project activities or workpackages, and optionally showing the dependencies between these items. A Gantt chart is typically part of a project plan.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-gantt-chart a fabio:GanttChart ;
            dcterms:title 'Gantt Chart for Research Project 2026'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A chart in which a series of horizontal lines shows the amount of work done or production completed in certain periods of time in relation to the amount planned for those periods.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

grant application^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/GrantApplication

A formal written request for financial support from a grant-giving body in support of a project, for example an academic research project.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-grant-application a fabio:GrantApplication ;
            dcterms:title 'Advanced AI for Climate Resilience Proposal'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            frbr:realization :my-grant-application-document ;
            dcterms:description 'A formal request for financial assistance to support a specific research project or initiative.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c

grant application document^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/GrantApplicationDocument

The realization of a grant application, usually containing a case for support document.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-grant-application-document a fabio:GrantApplicationDocument ;
            dcterms:title 'Project Proposal: Neural Networks for Climate v1.0'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-grant-application ;
            dcterms:description 'A document representing a grant application, such as a PDF or a printed form.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

hardback^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Hardback

A print object bound with rigid protective covers (typically of cardboard covered with cloth, heavy paper, or sometimes leather).

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-hardback a fabio:Hardback ;
            dcterms:title 'The Divine Comedy'@en ;
            frbr:embodimentOf :my-book ;
            dcterms:publisher :my-publisher ;
            dcterms:description 'A book bound with rigid protective covers, typically covered with cloth, heavy paper, or leather.'@en .

has super-classes: print object ^c

image^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Image

A visual representation other than text, including all types of moving image and still image.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-image a fabio:Image ;
            dcterms:title 'Sunset'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A visual representation other than text, such as a photograph, painting, or drawing.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c
has sub-classes: moving image ^c, still image ^c

in brief^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/InBrief

An 'In Brief' is a journal or magazine news item that describes all the articles (or all the important articles) in that issue of the periodical. The content of an 'In Brief' may be constructed from the abstracts of the articles it highlights, but is more likely to be written by a member of the periodical staff especially for the issue.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-in-brief a fabio:InBrief ;
            dcterms:title 'Science In Brief - March 2026'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A short summary or a collection of brief news items or notes.'@en .

has super-classes: news item ^c

in-use paper^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/InUsePaper

A scholarly work that describes applied and validated solutions such as software tools, systems or architectures that benefit from the use of the technology of a particular scholarly domain. Usually, papers of this kind should also provide convincing evidence that there is use of the proposed application or tool by the target user group, preferably outside the institution that conducted its development.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-in-use-paper a fabio:InUsePaper ;
            dcterms:title 'Implementing Semantic Web Technologies in Healthcare Systems'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A paper describing the practical application or implementation of a particular technology, tool, or method in a real-world setting.'@en .

has super-classes: scholarly work ^c

index^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Index

An alphabetically-ordered list of words and phrases ('headings') and associated pointers ('locators') to where useful material relating to that heading can be found in a document.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-index a fabio:Index ;
            dcterms:title 'Analytical Index of 'Semantic Web Primer''@en ;
            frbr:partOf :my-book ;
            dcterms:description 'An alphabetical list of names, subjects, etc., with references to the places where they occur in a document.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

instruction manual^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/InstructionManual

An instructional document typically supplied with a technologically advanced consumer product, such as a car or a computer application, or with an item of complex equipment such as a microscope.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-instruction-manual a fabio:InstructionManual ;
            dcterms:title 'User Manual for Digital Camera Model X100'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-instructional-work ;
            dcterms:description 'A document providing detailed information on how to use, install, or maintain a particular product or system.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

instructional work^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/InstructionalWork

A work created for the purpose of education or instruction, that may be expressed as a text book, a lecture, a tutorial or an instruction manual.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-instructional-work a fabio:InstructionalWork ;
            dcterms:title 'User Manual for Digital Camera Model X100'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            frbr:realization :my-instruction-manual ;
            dcterms:description 'A work whose primary purpose is to provide instruction or training in a particular subject or skill.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c
has sub-classes: clinical guideline ^c

item^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Item

A subclass of FRBR Item, restricted to exemplars of `fabio:Manifestation`.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-item a fabio:Item ;
            dcterms:title 'article_456.pdf'@en ;
            frbr:exemplarOf :my-manifestation ;
            dcterms:description 'A singular, localized exemplar of a manifestation.'@en .

has super-classes: Item ^c
has sub-classes: analog item ^c, digital item ^c, item collection ^c
is in domain of: has access date ^dp, has deposit date ^dp, is stored on ^op
is in range of: stores ^op

item collection^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ItemCollection

A collection of items.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-item-collection a fabio:ItemCollection ;
            dcterms:title 'Collection of historical items'@en ;
            frbr:part :my-item, :my-another-item ;
            dcterms:description 'A collection of items, such as a physical library collection or a set of digital files.'@en .

has super-classes: item ^c

journal^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Journal

A scholarly periodical primarily devoted to the publication of original research papers.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal a fabio:Journal ;
            dcterms:title 'Journal of Semantic Web Research'@en ;
            frbr:part :my-journal-issue , :my-journal-volume ;
            dcterms:description 'A scholarly periodical maintaining high standards of research and typically published at regular intervals.'@en .

has super-classes: periodical ^c

journal article^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/JournalArticle

An article, typically the realization of a research paper reporting original research findings, published in a journal issue.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            dcterms:title 'OPJK and DILIGENT: ontology modeling in a distributed environment' ;
            prism:doi '10.1007/s10506-007-9036-2' ;
            frbr:embodiment :my-analog-manifestation , :my-digital-manifestation ;
            frbr:partOf :my-journal-issue .

has super-classes: article ^c

journal editorial^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/JournalEditorial

An editorial published in an issue of a journal.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-editorial a fabio:JournalEditorial ;
            dcterms:title 'The Future of Open Access in 2026'@en ;
            frbr:partOf :my-journal-issue ;
            dcterms:description 'An article in a journal or other periodical that presents the opinion of the editor, publisher, or editorial board.'@en .

has super-classes: editorial ^c

journal issue^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/JournalIssue

A particular published issue of a journal, one or more of which will constitute a volume of the journal.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-issue a fabio:JournalIssue ;
            dcterms:title 'Journal of Semantic Web, Volume 1, Issue 1'@en ;
            frbr:partOf :my-journal-volume ;
            dcterms:description 'A particular issue of a journal or other periodical.'@en .

has super-classes: periodical issue ^c

journal news item^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/JournalNewsItem

A news report published in a journal issue.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-algorithm a fabio:Algorithm ;
            dcterms:title 'Distance Calculator'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'Algorithm for calculating the distance between to geo locations.'@en .

has super-classes: news item ^c

journal volume^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/JournalVolume

A particular published volume of a journal, comprising one or more journal issues.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-volume a fabio:JournalVolume ;
            dcterms:title 'Journal of Semantic Web Research, Volume 1'@en ;
            frbr:partOf :my-journal ;
            dcterms:description 'A particular volume of a journal or other periodical, usually collecting all issues published within a single year.'@en .

has super-classes: periodical volume ^c

laboratory notebook^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/LaboratoryNotebook

A notebook used by an individual research scientist as the primary record of his or her research activities. A researcher may use a laboratory notebook to document hypotheses, to describe experiments and to record data in various formats, to provide details of data analysis and interpretation, or to record the validation or invalidation of the original hypotheses. The laboratory notebook serves as an organizational tool and a memory aid. It may also have a role in recording and protecting any intellectual property created during the research, and may be used in evidence when establishing priority of discoveries, for example in patent applications. Electronic versions of laboratory notebooks are increasingly being employed by researchers, particularly in chemistry and the pharmaceutical industry.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-laboratory-notebook a fabio:LaboratoryNotebook ;
            dcterms:title 'Laboratory Notebook: Protein Folding Project 2026'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A primary record of research, containing detailed notes on hypotheses, experiments, and initial analysis.'@en .

has super-classes: notebook ^c

lecture notes^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/LectureNotes

A document containing notes that summarize a lecture or course of lectures.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-lecture-notes a fabio:LectureNotes ;
            dcterms:title 'Notes on Ontology Engineering - Lesson 4'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A set of notes taken or prepared for a lecture, providing a summary or detailed account of the instructional content.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

legal opinion^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/LegalOpinion

A written explanation by a judge or group of judges that accompanies a ruling in a legal case, laying out the reasons and legal principles for the ruling, and sometimes containing pronouncements about what the law is and how it should be interpreted.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-legal-opinion a fabio:LegalOpinion ;
            dcterms:title 'Legal Opinion on Intellectual Property Rights for Project X'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A formal written statement by a judicial officer or legal expert that sets out the legal principle and his or her application to a particular case.'@en .

has super-classes: opinion ^c

letter^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Letter

A written or printed communication of a personal or professional nature between individuals and/or representatives of corporate bodies, usually transmitted by the postal service or published in a periodical. In the latter case, the letter is typically addressed to the editor and comments on or discussed an item previously published by that periodical, or of interest to its readership.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-letter a fabio:Letter ;
            dcterms:description 'A written message addressed to a person or organization, typically sent by post or messenger.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

library catalog^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/LibraryCatalog

The catalog of the holdings of a library, for example that of the Library of Congress (http://catalog.loc.gov/).

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

:my-library-catalog a fabio:LibraryCatalog ;
    dcterms:title 'Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) - City Library'@en ;
    dcterms:description 'A register of all bibliographic items found in a library or group of libraries.'@en .

has super-classes: catalog ^c

literary artistic work^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/LiteraryArtisticWork

A literary creative work, such as a novel, play, poem or song.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-literary-artistic-work a fabio:LiteraryArtisticWork ;
            dcterms:title 'The Great Gatsby'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            frbr:realization :my-book ;
            dcterms:description 'A work of a literary or artistic nature, including books, poems, plays, musical compositions, and paintings.'@en .

has super-classes: artistic work ^c
has sub-classes: musical composition ^c, novel ^c, play ^c, poem ^c, screenplay ^c, short story ^c

magazine^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Magazine

A periodical, usually devoted to a particular topic or domain of interest, and usually published weekly or monthly, consisting primarily of non-peer reviewed editorials, journalistic news items and more substantive articles, reviews, book reviews and discussions concerning current or recent events and publications, and matters of interest to the domain served by the magazine.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-magazine a fabio:Magazine ;
            dcterms:title 'National Geographic Magazine'@en ;
            frbr:part :my-magazine-issue ;
            dcterms:description 'A periodical publication containing articles and illustrations, typically of popular interest and current events.'@en .

has super-classes: periodical ^c

magazine article^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MagazineArticle

An article published in a magazine issue.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-magazine-article a fabio:MagazineArticle ;
            dcterms:title 'The Future of Arctic Ice: A 2026 Perspective'@en ;
            frbr:partOf :my-magazine-issue ;
            dcterms:description 'An article published in a magazine, typically written for a general audience.'@en .

has super-classes: article ^c

magazine editorial^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MagazineEditorial

An editorial published in an issue of a magazine.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-magazine-editorial a fabio:MagazineEditorial ;
            dcterms:title 'A New Era for Digital Media'@en ;
            frbr:partOf :my-magazine-issue ;
            dcterms:description 'An editorial article published in a magazine, typically expressing the views of the editor or the publisher.'@en .

has super-classes: editorial ^c

magazine issue^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MagazineIssue

A particular published issue of a magazine, identified by date, and sometimes also by place (e.g. 'West Coast edition') or language (e.g. 'Spanish edition').

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-magazine-issue a fabio:MagazineIssue ;
            dcterms:title 'TIME Magazine - May 2026 Issue'@en ;
            frbr:partOf :my-magazine ;
            dcterms:description 'A particular issue of a magazine.'@en .

has super-classes: periodical issue ^c

magazine news item^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MagazineNewsItem

A news report published in a magazine issue.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-magazine-news-item a fabio:MagazineNewsItem ;
            dcterms:title 'New AI Regulations Announced in Brussels'@en ;
            frbr:partOf :my-magazine-issue ;
            dcterms:description 'A short news report published in a magazine, typically concerning current events or social announcements.'@en .

has super-classes: news item ^c

manifestation^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Manifestation

A subclass of FRBR Manifestation, restricted to manifestations of `fabio:Expression`. `fabio:Manifestation` specifically applies to electronic (digital) as well as to physical manifestations of expressions.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-manifestation a fabio:Manifestation ;
            dcterms:title 'Towards a new Semantic Web'@en ;
            frbr:embodimentOf :my-article ;
            frbr:exemplar :my-digital-item ;
            dcterms:description 'The digital or physical instantiation of an expression.'@en .

has super-classes: Manifestation ^c
has sub-classes: analog manifestation ^c, digital manifestation ^c, manifestation collection ^c, page ^c

manifestation collection^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ManifestationCollection

A collection of manifestations.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-manifestation-collection a fabio:ManifestationCollection ;
            dcterms:title 'The Complete Works of Shakespeare - Hardback Collection'@en ;
            frbr:part :my-analog-manifestation, :my-digital-manifestation ;
            dcterms:description 'A collection of manifestations, such as a set of books or a digital archive of files.'@en .

has super-classes: manifestation ^c

manuscript^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Manuscript

A textual work prepared 'by hand', such as a typescript or word-processed pre-publication draft of a research paper or a report, or a work not otherwise reproduced in multiple copies.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-manuscript a fabio:Manuscript ;
            dcterms:title 'Initial Draft: Deep Learning in Healthcare'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A textual work prepared 'by hand', including typescripts or word-processed pre-publication drafts.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c
has sub-classes: definitive version ^c, postprint ^c, preprint ^c, proof ^c

master's thesis^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MastersThesis

A thesis reporting a research project undertaken as part of a graduate course of education leading to a master's degree.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-master-thesis a fabio:MastersThesis ;
            dcterms:title 'Linked Data analysis in the library science domain'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A thesis reporting the results of a period of study, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master's degree.'@en .

has super-classes: thesis ^c
is disjoint with: bachelor's thesis ^c, doctoral thesis ^c

meeting report^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MeetingReport

A report of a meeting of some kind.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-meeting-report a fabio:MeetingReport ;
            dcterms:title 'Meeting report for Project X - 2026'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A report of the proceedings of a meeting or conference.'@en .

has super-classes: report ^c

metadata^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Metadata

A separate work that provides information describing one or more characteristics of a resource or entity.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-metadata a fabio:Metadata ;
            dcterms:title 'Metadata record for 'The Fellowship of the Ring''@en ;
            frbr:realization :my-metadata-document ;
            dcterms:description 'A document containing data about other data, such as a library catalog record or an RDF description.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c
has sub-classes: application profile ^c, bibliographic metadata ^c, citation metadata ^c, entity metadata ^c, project metadata ^c

metadata document^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MetadataDocument

A document that contains metadata information describing one or more characteristics of an entity.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-metadata-document a fabio:MetadataDocument ;
            dcterms:title 'XML schema for my dataset'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-metadata ;
            dcterms:description 'A document consisting entirely of metadata describing one or more other resources.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

methods paper^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MethodsPaper

A scholarly work detailing a method, procedure or experimental protocol employed in a particular scholarly domain.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-methods-paper a fabio:MethodsPaper ;
            dcterms:title 'A Novel Method for Rapid DNA Sequencing'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A scholarly paper whose primary purpose is to describe a new method or a significant improvement to an existing method.'@en .

has super-classes: scholarly work ^c

microblog^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Microblog

A social networking publication medium such as Twitter, Tumblr, FriendFeed, Facebook or MySpace. A microblog differs from a traditional blog in that its individual content items are smaller than a traditional blog posts, typically containing just a short sentence, a single image, or a URI. These small messages are referred to as microposts.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-microblog a fabio:Microblog ;
            dcterms:title 'Open Science Updates Microblog'@en ;
            frbr:part :my-micropost ;
            dcterms:description 'A blog that contains very short posts, such as those on Twitter or Mastodon.'@en .

has super-classes: blog ^c

micropost^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Micropost

A content item that is published in a Microblog, typically containing just a short sentence, a single image, or a URL.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-micropost a fabio:Micropost ;
            frbr:partOf :my-microblog ;
            dcterms:description 'A very short post on a microblog, typically limited to a few hundred characters.'@en .

has super-classes: entry ^c, web content ^c
has sub-classes: tweet ^c

minimal information standard^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MinimalInformationStandard

A metadata standard specifying items to be included when creating metadata describing a dataset of a particular type, or when creating a structured summary of the main findings of an article or report in a particular domain of interest, thereby ensuring adequate descriptive information is recorded for subsequent resource discovery and/or interpretation of the information described.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-minimal-information-standard a fabio:MinimalInformationStandard ;
            dcterms:title 'MIAME: Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A standard specifying the minimum information required to report a particular type of scientific experiment.'@en .

has super-classes: specification ^c

model^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Model

A mathematical, graphical or physical representation of some physical reality, conceptual idea or theoretical construct.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-model a fabio:Model ;
            dcterms:title 'Statistical model for bibliographic data science v4.2'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A physical, mathematical, or logical representation of a system, entity, phenomenon, or process.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c

movie^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Movie

The realization of a moving image.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-movie a fabio:Movie ;
            dcterms:title 'Interstellar'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-moving-image ;
            dcterms:description 'A recording of moving images that tells a story and that people watch on a screen or television.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c
has sub-classes: film ^c

moving image^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MovingImage

A moving display, either generated dynamically by a computer program or formed from a series of pre-recorded still images imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-moving-image a fabio:MovingImage ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:title 'Interstellar'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A creation consisting of a series of images that, when shown in rapid succession, give the impression of movement.'@en .

has super-classes: image ^c
is disjoint with: still image ^c

musical composition^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MusicalComposition

A piece of music, typically in the form of a composition recorded in musical notation.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-musical-composition a fabio:MusicalComposition ;
            dcterms:title 'Symphony n. 5'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A creative work of a musical nature, typically consisting of a sequence of notes and rhythms.'@en .

has super-classes: literary artistic work ^c
has sub-classes: song ^c

nanopublication^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Nanopublication

A single, attributable and machine-readable factual assertion - the smallest unit of publishable information that can be uniquely identified and attributed to its author - typically expressed in RDF.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-nanopublication a fabio:Nanopublication ;
            dcterms:title 'Interaction protein-gene NP-721'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'The smallest unit of publishable information, an assertion that can be uniquely identified and attributed.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

news item^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/NewsItem

A published news report.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-news-item a fabio:NewsItem ;
            dcterms:title 'New archeological site found in Rome'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-news-report ;
            dcterms:description 'A report of a recent event or a piece of new information, typically published in a newspaper or broadcast.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c
has sub-classes: in brief ^c, journal news item ^c, magazine news item ^c, newspaper news item ^c, press release ^c

news report^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/NewsReport

A report of an item of news.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-news-report a fabio:NewsReport ;
            dcterms:title 'Social and climate emergency'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A detailed account of a news event, often providing context and background information.'@en .

has super-classes: report ^c
has sub-classes: obituary ^c

newspaper^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Newspaper

A non-peer reviewed periodical, usually published daily or weekly, consisting primarily of editorials and news items concerning current or recent events and matters of public interest.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-newspaper a fabio:Newspaper ;
            dcterms:title 'Corriere della Sera'@en ;
            frbr:part :my-newspaper-issue ;
            dcterms:description 'A periodical publication containing news, other informative articles, and advertising.'@en .

has super-classes: periodical ^c

newspaper article^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/NewspaperArticle

An article written by a journalist and published in a newspaper.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-newspaper-article a fabio:NewspaperArticle ;
            dcterms:title 'Results from administrative elections 2026'@en ;
            frbr:partOf :my-newspaper-issue ;
            dcterms:description 'An article published in a newspaper.'@en .

has super-classes: article ^c

newspaper editorial^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/NewspaperEditorial

An editorial published in an issue of a newspaper.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-newspaper-editorial a fabio:NewspaperEditorial ;
            dcterms:title 'The future of Italian market'@en ;
            frbr:partOf :my-newspaper-issue ;
            dcterms:description 'An editorial article published in a newspaper, typically expressing the opinion of the editor or the newspaper's management.'@en .

has super-classes: editorial ^c

newspaper issue^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/NewspaperIssue

A particular published issue of a newspaper, identified by date, and sometimes also by place or time (e.g. 'Late London Edition').

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-newspaper-issue a fabio:NewspaperIssue ;
            dcterms:title 'The New York Times - Edition of April 28, 2026'@en ;
            frbr:partOf :my-newspaper ;
            dcterms:description 'A particular issue of a newspaper.'@en .

has super-classes: periodical issue ^c

newspaper news item^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/NewspaperNewsItem

A news report published in a newspaper issue.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-newspaper-news-item a fabio:NewspaperNewsItem ;
            dcterms:title 'Roadworks in Bubble Avenue'@en ;
            frbr:partOf :my-newspaper-issue ;
            dcterms:description 'A short news report published in a newspaper, typically concerning current events or social announcements.'@en .

has super-classes: news item ^c

notebook^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Notebook

A book containing personal notes, typically created by writing into a physical book with blank pages.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-notebook a fabio:Notebook ;
            dcterms:title 'Experimental Physics Notebook'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A book with blank or ruled pages for writing notes in, or a scholarly publication consisting of a sequence of notes or records.'@en .

has super-classes: book ^c
has sub-classes: diary ^c, laboratory notebook ^c

notification of receipt^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/NotificationOfReceipt

A notification of receipt of something, for example of receipt of a book that will later be the subject of a book review.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-notification-or-receipt a fabio:NotificationOfReceipt ;
            dcterms:title 'Received manuscript 402'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A formal notice confirming that something has been received.'@en .

has super-classes: announcement ^c

novel^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Novel

A long fictitious narrative written in literary prose.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-novel a fabio:Novel ;
            dcterms:title 'Three Body Problem'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A long narrative in literary prose.'@en .

has super-classes: literary artistic work ^c

obituary^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Obituary

A news item reporting the death of a person, typically accompanied by an description of that person's life and contributions to his or her profession and to society at large.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-obituary a fabio:Obituary ;
            dcterms:title 'In memory of John Smith (1945-2026)'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A notice of a death, especially in a newspaper, typically including a brief biography of the deceased person.'@en .

has super-classes: news report ^c

ontology^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Ontology

A formal representation of a set of concepts within a domain of knowledge, and the logical relationships between those concepts.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-ontology a fabio:Ontology ;
            dcterms:title 'Citation Typing Ontology'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A formal explicit specification of a shared conceptualization.'@en .

has super-classes: controlled vocabulary ^c

ontology document^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/OntologyDocument

A document containing an ontology.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-ontology-document a fabio:OntologyDocument ;
            dcterms:title 'Citation Typing Ontology'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-ontology ;
            dcterms:description 'A document consisting entirely of an ontology, or a part of an ontology.'@en .

has super-classes: vocabulary document ^c

opinion^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Opinion

An expression of a personal or professional opinion on an issue or topic.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-opinion-2026 a fabio:Opinion ;
            dcterms:title 'Legal opinion on GDPR v2'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A document containing a judgment, view, or statement of professional advice given by an expert.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c
has sub-classes: legal opinion ^c, position paper ^c

oration^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Oration

A formal speech, for example one delivered at a ceremonial occasion, or the written transcript of such a speech.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-oration a fabio:Oration ;
            dcterms:title 'Oration for Open Day 2026'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A formal speech, especially one given on a ceremonial occasion.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

page^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Page

A manifestation that represents pages either in physical (e.g., one side of a sheet of paper) or in digital form (e.g., a page in a PDF, or a web page).

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-page a fabio:Page ;
            dcterms:title 'Page 42'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'One side of a leaf of something printed or written, such as a book, manuscript or letter.'@en .

has super-classes: manifestation ^c
has sub-classes: web page ^c

paperback^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Paperback

A print object with a flexible cover, usually made of paper or paperboard.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-paperback a fabio:Paperback ;
            dcterms:publisher :springer ;
            prism:publicationDate '2007-06'^^xsd:gYearMonth ;
            frbr:part :my-analog-manifestation .

has super-classes: print object ^c

patent^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Patent

A formal disclosure of a new invention approved by a governmental patent agency, made to register intellectual property rights, and to give exclusive rights to the inventor or assignee to manufacture, use, license or sell the invention for a certain number of years.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-patent a fabio:Patent ;
            dcterms:title 'AI-based ice cream generator'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:identifier 'US123456789' ;
            dcterms:description 'A government authority or licence conferring a right or title for a set period, especially the sole right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention.'@en .

has super-classes: specification ^c

patent application^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PatentApplication

A formal disclosure of a new invention, made in application for a patent.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-patent-application a fabio:PatentApplication ;
            dcterms:title 'Application for patenting an AI-based ice cream generator'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            frbr:realization :my-patent-application-document ;
            dcterms:description 'A formal request for the grant of a patent for an invention.'@en .

has super-classes: specification ^c

patent application document^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PatentApplicationDocument

The physical or electronic realization of a patent application.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-patent-application-document a fabio:PatentApplicationDocument ;
            dcterms:title 'Technical description for an AI-based ice cream generator'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-patent-application ;
            dcterms:description 'A document containing the text or drawings of a patent application.'@en .

has super-classes: specification document ^c

patent document^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PatentDocument

The physical or electronic realization of a patent.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-patent-document a fabio:PatentDocument ;
            dcterms:title 'Technical text for a patent on an AI-based ice cream generator'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-patent ;
            dcterms:description 'A document containing the text or drawings of a patent.'@en .

has super-classes: specification document ^c

periodical^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Periodical

A publication issued on a regular and ongoing basis as a series of issues, each issue comprising separate periodical items, for example editorials, articles, news items and/or other writings.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-periodical a fabio:Periodical ;
            dcterms:title 'Nature'@en ;
            dcterms:issn '1476-4687' ;
            frbr:part :my-periodical-issue ;
            dcterms:description 'A publication that is issued in parts at regular intervals.'@en .

has super-classes: expression collection ^c
has sub-classes: journal ^c, magazine ^c, newspaper ^c

periodical issue^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PeriodicalIssue

A particular issue of a periodical, identified and distinguished from other issues of the same publication by date and/or issue number and/or volume number, and comprising separate periodical items such as editorials, articles and news items.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-periodical-issue a fabio:PeriodicalIssue ;
            dcterms:title 'Nature Volume 600 Issue 7887'@en ;
            fabio:hasSequenceIdentifier '7887' ;
            frbr:partOf :my-periodical-issue , :my-periodical-volume ;
            dcterms:description 'A single issue of a periodical publication.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c
has sub-classes: journal issue ^c, magazine issue ^c, newspaper issue ^c

periodical item^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PeriodicalItem

A piece of writing published in a periodical issue, typically accompanied by other items by different authors.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-periodical-item a fabio:PeriodicalItem ;
            dcterms:title 'The future of open science'@en ;
            frbr:partOf :my-periodical-issue , :my-periodical-volume ;
            dcterms:description 'An item published within an issue of a periodical.'@en .

is equivalent to: expression ^c and (is part of ^op some periodical issue ^c or periodical volume ^c)

periodical volume^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PeriodicalVolume

A particular published volume of a periodical.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-periodical-volume a fabio:PeriodicalVolume ;
            dcterms:title 'Nature Volume 600'@en ;
            fabio:hasSequenceIdentifier '600' ;
            frbr:partOf :my-periodical ;
            dcterms:description 'A single volume of a periodical publication, usually collecting several issues.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c
has sub-classes: journal volume ^c

personal communication^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PersonalCommunication

Information communicated personally by verbal or written means from one individual to one or more another persons or organizations.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-personal-communication a fabio:PersonalCommunication ;
            dcterms:title 'Technical discussion on data architecture'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A communication between specific individuals, such as a letter, an email, or a private conversation, not intended for public dissemination.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

Ph.D. symposium paper^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PhDSymposiumPaper

A paper, usually presented during a specific session of a conference dedicated to Ph.D. students, that describes ongoing Ph.D. student's research.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-phd-symposium-paper a fabio:PhDSymposiumPaper ;
            dcterms:title 'New approaches towards ontology engineering'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A paper presented at a PhD symposium, typically describing ongoing doctoral research.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

play^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Play

A form of literature written by a playwright, usually consisting of scripted dialogue between characters, intended for theatrical performance rather than reading.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-play a fabio:Play ;
            dcterms:title 'Six Characters in Search of an Author'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :luigi-pirandello ;
            dcterms:description 'A dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage.'@en .

has super-classes: literary artistic work ^c

poem^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Poem

An artistic work written with an intensity or beauty of language more characteristic of poetry than of prose.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-poem a fabio:Poem ;
            dcterms:title 'In the Desert'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A piece of writing in which the expression of feelings and ideas is given intensity by particular attention to diction, rhythm, and imagery.'@en .

has super-classes: literary artistic work ^c

policy^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Policy

A description and definition of how something should be done. Ideally, a policy should be both effective in achieving its goals and acceptable to those who have to abide by it.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-policy a fabio:Policy ;
            dcterms:title 'University Open Access Policy'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            frbr:realization :my-policy-document ;
            dcterms:description 'A formal statement of intent or set of rules adopted by an organization to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c
has sub-classes: data management policy ^c

policy document^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PolicyDocument

A document embodying a policy that describes and defines how something should be done.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-policy-document a fabio:PolicyDocument ;
            dcterms:title 'University Policy for Open Access v3.0'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-policy ;
            dcterms:description 'A document that describes a set of principles or rules agreed upon by an organization or government.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c
has sub-classes: data management policy document ^c

position paper^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PositionPaper

A scholarly work that reports a particular intellectual position or viewpoint regarding a particular scholarly topic. Usually, these papers are dependent on the author's opinion or interpretation, do not have an evaluation, and need to present relevant and novel discussion points in a thorough manner.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-position-paper a fabio:PositionPaper ;
            dcterms:title 'The use of generative AI in research'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A report or essay that presents an arguable opinion about an issue.'@en .

has super-classes: opinion ^c, scholarly work ^c

poster paper^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PosterPaper

A paper that typically accompanies a poster describing some preliminary results of research, usually presented during a conference or a workshop.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-poster-paper a fabio:PosterPaper ;
            dcterms:title 'Visualization of knowledge graphs on mobile devices'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A short paper describing a poster presented at a conference.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

postprint^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Postprint

The version of an author's original scholarly work, such as a research paper or a review, re-submitted for publication after revision by the author in the light of comments from reviewers.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-postprint a fabio:Postprint ;
            dcterms:title 'Advanced analysis of bibliographic metadata'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A version of a scholarly article after it has been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication, but before formal copyediting and formatting by the publisher.'@en .

has super-classes: manuscript ^c

preprint^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Preprint

The version of an author's original scholarly work, such as a research paper or a review, first submitted to publisher for publication.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-preprint a fabio:Preprint ;
            dcterms:title 'Advanced analysis of bibliographic metadata'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A version of a scholarly paper that precedes formal peer review and publication in a peer-reviewed scholarly journal.'@en .

has super-classes: manuscript ^c

presentation^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Presentation

A set of slides containing text, tables or figures, designed to communicate ideas or research results, for projection and viewing by an audience at a conference, symposium, seminar, lecture, workshop or other gatherings, typically embodied in a particular manifestation format such as a SlideShare or PowerPoint slideshow.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-algorithm a fabio:Algorithm ;
            dcterms:title 'Distance Calculator'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'Algorithm for calculating the distance between to geo locations.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

press release^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PressRelease

A news report published by an organization to provide information to journalists.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-presentation a fabio:Presentation ;
            dcterms:title 'Introduction to Semantic Web technologies'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A realization of a lecture, speech or other informative discourse, typically accompanied by visual aids such as slides.'@en .

has super-classes: news item ^c

print object^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PrintObject

An analog manifestation in physical printed form, typically on paper.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-print-object a fabio:PrintObject ;
            dcterms:publisher :springer ;
            prism:publicationDate '2007-06'^^xsd:gYearMonth ;
            prism:startingPage '171' ;
            prism:endingPage '186' .

has super-classes: analog manifestation ^c
has sub-classes: hardback ^c, paperback ^c

proceedings paper^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ProceedingsPaper

A paper, typically the realization of a research paper reporting original research findings, usually published within an academic proceedings volume.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-proceedings-paper a fabio:ProceedingsPaper ;
            dcterms:title 'Deep Learning applied to Knowledge Graphs'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A paper published in the proceedings of a conference, workshop or similar event.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c
has sub-classes: conference paper ^c, workshop paper ^c

product review^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ProductReview

A written review and critical analysis of the purpose, features, performance and other qualities of a product.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-product-review a fabio:ProductReview ;
            dcterms:title 'Technical review of Smartphone XYZ 2026'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A critical review of a product, such as a software application, a piece of hardware, or a commercial tool.'@en .

has super-classes: review ^c

project metadata^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ProjectMetadata

Metadata describing a project.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-project-metadata a fabio:ProjectMetadata ;
            dcterms:title 'Technical metadata of the Horizon Europe 2026 project'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A document containing metadata about a project.'@en .

has super-classes: metadata ^c

project plan^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ProjectPlan

A document used to guide project planning, execution and control, specifying the project's goal and objectives and the activities and resources required to achieve these, setting out the project schedule, and identifying the major workpackages, milestones and deliverables. A project plan will typically contain a Gantt chart.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-project-plan a fabio:ProjectPlan ;
            dcterms:title 'Plan for Smart City v1.0 project'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A document describing the objectives, activities and schedules of a project.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

proof^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Proof

In printing and publishing, a proof copy is the preliminary version of a publication, after the inclusion of any author corrections following review, and after copy editing and formatting to bring the manuscript into the house style, intended for final checking prior to publication to detect and eliminate typographical errors, omissions or transpositions of text, incorrect layout or placement of illustrations and tables, or other formatting errors. Those who check proofs include the editor, possibly the peer-reviewers (to ensure that their requested modifications have been included to their satisfaction), possibly an in-house professional proof-reader, and / or the author, who is ultimately responsible for ensuring the published work says what (s)he means it to say. Substantive changes to the text are not permitted once the manuscript has reached proof stage.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-proof a fabio:Proof ;
            dcterms:title 'Proof copy for Book X'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A version of a manuscript that has been typeset but not yet published, used for final checking by the authors.'@en .

has super-classes: manuscript ^c

proposition^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Proposition

A proposal or proposition of a new conceptualization, hypothesis, idea, theory, activity or organisation.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-proposition a fabio:Proposition ;
            dcterms:title 'P == NP'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A statement or assertion that expresses a new conceptualization.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c

questionnaire^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Questionnaire

A set of questions on a particular topic, usually in the form of multiple choice questions requiring the respondent to select the correct answer, or providing the ability to indicate support for or against a proposal on a numerical scale, designed for rapid numerical analysis of responses and often used in surveying public opinion.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-questionnaire a fabio:Questionnaire ;
            dcterms:title 'Questionnaire for Open Data users'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers, devised for the purposes of a survey or statistical study.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c

quotation^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Quotation

A passage of speech selected from a larger verbal or written expression for use in another expression, with specific attribution to its original source, and usually demarcated by quotation marks and / or by placing it in a separate indented paragraph.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-quotation a fabio:Quotation ;
            dcterms:title 'Quotation from The Thing'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A passage os speech selected from a larger expression.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

rapid communication^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/RapidCommunication

A short rapidly published research article or conference paper, typically reporting significant research results that have been recently discovered, or a brief news item reporting such discoveries.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-rapid-communication a fabio:RapidCommunication ;
            dcterms:title 'Preliminary results for new vaccine'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A short paper reporting a piece of research that is particularly timely and relevant, published more quickly than a full research paper.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

reference book^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ReferenceBook

A book containing authoritative factual information, such as a dictionary, encyclopaedia, handbook or field guide, which is a realisation of a certain reference work and may contain several reference entries.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-reference-book a fabio:ReferenceBook ;
            dcterms:title 'Oxford English Dictionary, 12th Edition'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-reference-work ;
            dcterms:description 'A book intended to be consulted for information rather than read from beginning to end.'@en .

has super-classes: book ^c

reference entry^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ReferenceEntry

A particular reference entry containing authoritative factual information on a certain topic, usually contained in a larger expression.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-reference-entry a fabio:ReferenceEntry ;
            dcterms:title 'Definition of 'Ontology''@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-reference-work ;
            dcterms:description 'A discrete item of information in a reference book, such as a dictionary entry or an encyclopedia article.'@en .

has super-classes: entry ^c

reference work^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ReferenceWork

A work to which people refer for authoritative factual information, such as a dictionary, encyclopaedia, entry, handbook or field guide, or an informative web page such as an institutional, research group or project home page.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-reference-work a fabio:ReferenceWork ;
            dcterms:title 'Encyclopedia of Life Sciences'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A comprehensive work such as an encyclopedia, dictionary, or thesaurus, intended for consultation.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c

relational database^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/RelationalDatabase

A database in which the data are arranged in tables according to their common characteristics, with relationships between the tables being defined by a relational model or schema. A relational database is highly optimized for performance, and is queried using a database query language such as SQL (Structured Query Language). The software used to create a relational database is called a relational database management system (RDBMS).

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-relational-database a fabio:RelationalDatabase ;
            dcterms:title 'Database of 2026 publications'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A collection of data items organized as a set of formally-described tables from which data can be accessed or reassembled in many different ways.'@en .

has super-classes: database ^c

reply^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Reply

A work that is a reply, either to a letter or other direct communication, or to feedback or comments about a piece of submitted writing. The latter is typically written by the author of a journal article submitted for publication, or by an applicant making a grant application, in response to reviews of the work from peer reviewers prior to publication (for the journal article) or prior to funding decision (for the grant application). Alternatively, it can be written in response to post-publication peer-review of a published journal article, or comments about it.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-reply a fabio:Reply ;
            dcterms:title 'Reply to Professor X's comment'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A written or spoken statement or document given in answer to another such statement or document.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c

report^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Report

A formal factual, methodological, statistical, technical or research report issued by an individual, group, agency, government body or other institution.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-report a fabio:Report ;
            dcterms:title 'Yearly report on scientific research'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A document that presents information in an organized format for a specific audience and purpose.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c
has sub-classes: case report ^c, deliverable report ^c, meeting report ^c, news report ^c, technical report ^c, trial report ^c

report document^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ReportDocument

The realization of a report, usually in printed form.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-report-document a fabio:ReportDocument ;
            dcterms:title 'Yearly report on scientific research'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-report ;
            dcterms:description 'A document containing a report.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c
has sub-classes: deliverable ^c, white paper ^c

reporting standard^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ReportingStandard

A set of recommendations for the minimum reporting requirements to be employed when reporting a particular type of investigation or project, for example a randomized clinical trial. A reporting standard may involve a checklist and a flow diagram, offers a standard way for authors to prepare a complete and transparent report of their findings, and aids their critical appraisal and interpretation of their data.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-reporting-standard a fabio:ReportingStandard ;
            dcterms:title 'CONSORT 2010 Statement'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A set of guidelines or a formal agreement that specifies how information should be reported in a document.'@en .

has super-classes: specification ^c

repository^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Repository

A computer system in which information may be stored.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-repository a fabio:Repository ;
            dcterms:title 'Zenodo Open Repository'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A facility or system for the deposit, storage, and maintenance of digital or physical items.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c
has sub-classes: data repository ^c, document repository ^c, web archive ^c

research paper^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ResearchPaper

A scholarly work that reports original research contributions addressing theoretical, analytical or experimental aspects of a particular scholarly domain.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-research-paper a fabio:ResearchPaper ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:title 'Towards a new conceptualization of Symbolic Artificial Intelligence'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A scholarly work reporting original research contributions.'@en .

has super-classes: scholarly work ^c

resource paper^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ResourcePaper

A scholarly work that describes resources developed to provide experimental materials or facilities, support a research hypothesis, to provide answers to a research question, or that have contributed to the generation of novel scientific work.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-resource-paper a fabio:ResourcePaper ;
            dcterms:title 'A new semantic dataset for library science'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A paper describing a resource (e.g. a dataset, an ontology, a software tool) and its value to the research community.'@en .

has super-classes: scholarly work ^c

retraction^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Retraction

A public statement made about an earlier statement that withdraws, cancels, refutes, diametrically reverses the original statement or ceases and desists from publishing the original statement.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-retraction a fabio:Retraction ;
            dcterms:title 'Retraction of 'Statistical analysis of environmental data 2024''@en ;
            dcterms:creation :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A statement issued by authors, editors or other authorized officials to withdraw a previously published work or part thereof.'@en .

has super-classes: announcement ^c

retraction notice^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/RetractionNotice

The realization of a retraction. A formal document which publicly withdraws, cancels, refutes, reverses an earlier statement or publication or announces the act of desisting from publishing the original statement.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-retraction-notice a fabio:RetractionNotice ;
            dcterms:title 'Notice of retraction for article ID-456'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-retraction ;
            dcterms:description 'A formal public notice about a retraction.'@en .

has super-classes: comment ^c

review^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Review

A review of others' work.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-review a fabio:Review ;
            dcterms:title 'Review of the book 'Intelligent Agents 101''@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A critical evaluation of a work, typically published in a journal or newspaper.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c
has sub-classes: book review ^c, product review ^c, review paper ^c, systematic review ^c

review article^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ReviewArticle

An article that contains a review.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-review-article a fabio:ReviewArticle ;
            dcterms:title 'Review of the book 'Intelligent Agents 101''@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-review ;
            dcterms:description 'An article containing a review.'@en .

has super-classes: article ^c

review paper^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ReviewPaper

A scholarly work that surveys the state of the art of topics central to a particular subject or relating to a specific domain (e.g. the scope of a certain journal or conference). Papers of this kind may contain a selective bibliography listing key papers related to the subject or providing advice on information sources, or they may strive to be comprehensive, covering all contributions to the development of a topic and exploring their different findings or views.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-review-paper a fabio:ReviewPaper ;
            dcterms:title 'New developments in Deep Learning'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A paper that summarizes the current state of understanding on a topic, by surveying and summarizing previously published studies.'@en .

has super-classes: review ^c, scholarly work ^c

scholarly work^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ScholarlyWork

A work that reports scholarly activity on a particular topic, either published in written form, or delivered orally at a meeting.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-scholarly-work a fabio:ScholarlyWork ;
            dcterms:title 'Theory of General Relativity'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :albert-einstein ;
            dcterms:description 'A work created for the purpose of promoting or recording academic or scholarly research.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c
has sub-classes: in-use paper ^c, methods paper ^c, position paper ^c, research paper ^c, resource paper ^c, review paper ^c

screenplay^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Screenplay

A written work made especially for a film or television program. Screenplays can be original works or adaptations from existing pieces of writing, for example novels.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-screenplay a fabio:Screenplay ;
            dcterms:title 'Screenplay for 'Possession''@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A document that outlines the story, characters, and dialogue of a film or television show.'@en .

has super-classes: literary artistic work ^c

script^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Script

A small computer program written in a scripting language such as JavaScript, PHP or Perl that allows control of one or more software applications.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-script a fabio:Script ;
            dcterms:title 'Python script for bibliographic data cleaning'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A program or sequence of instructions that is interpreted or carried out by another program.'@en .

has super-classes: computer program ^c

series^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Series

A sequence of expressions having certain characteristics in common that are formally identified together as a group.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-series a fabio:Series ;
            dcterms:title 'Lecture Notes in Computer Science'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A sequence of separate expressions published in succession by a single publisher, typically with a common title for the entire set.'@en .

has super-classes: expression collection ^c
has sub-classes: book series ^c

short story^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ShortStory

A work of fiction that is usually written in prose, often in narrative format. This format tends to be more focused and less elaborate than longer works of fiction such as novels.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-short-story a fabio:ShortStory ;
            dcterms:title 'Exhalation'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A brief work of fiction, usually written in prose.'@en .

has super-classes: literary artistic work ^c

software^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Software

The distinct intellectual creation of a computer program or software application. It represents the abstract concept, logic, and intended functionality of the software, independent of any specific source code implementation, programming language, or compiled version.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-software a fabio:Software ;
            dcterms:title 'Data Parser Tool'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A set of instructions that a computer can use to perform a specific task.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c

song^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Song

A musical composition that contains vocal parts ('lyrics') that are performed ('sung').

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-song a fabio:Song ;
            dcterms:title 'Your song'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-lennon ;
            dcterms:description 'A short musical composition with words.'@en .

has super-classes: musical composition ^c

sound recording^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/SoundRecording

The creative work of making an electrical or mechanical recording of sounds, such as the spoken voice, singing, instrumental music, animal vocalizations or sound effects.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-sound-recording a fabio:SoundRecording ;
            dcterms:title 'Audio recording of lesson 01'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A recording of sound, such as music, speech, or other sounds.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c

specification^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Specification

An explicit description of, or set of requirements to be satisfied by, a material, product, resource, service or standard.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-specification a fabio:Specification ;
            dcterms:title 'Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A detailed description of the criteria for an item, such as a software system or a technical standard.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c
has sub-classes: algorithm ^c, catalog ^c, clinical trial design ^c, experimental protocol ^c, minimal information standard ^c, patent ^c, patent application ^c, reporting standard ^c, standard operating procedure ^c, technical standard ^c, vocabulary mapping ^c, workflow ^c

specification document^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/SpecificationDocument

The realization of a specification (a standard, a workflow, etc.).

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-specification-document a fabio:SpecificationDocument ;
            dcterms:title 'Specification document for HTTP/1.1'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-specification ;
            dcterms:description 'A document containing a specification.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c
has sub-classes: patent application document ^c, patent document ^c, structured summary ^c, vocabulary mapping document ^c

spreadsheet^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Spreadsheet

An electronic form of data storage that displays a grid of rows and columns, in which each editable cell can contain alphanumeric text, a numeric value, or a formula that defines how the content of that cell is to be calculated from the content of another cell or cells.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-spreadsheet a fabio:Spreadsheet ;
            dcterms:title 'Budget analysis for research 2026'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A document that presents data in a grid of rows and columns, often used for calculations and data analysis.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

standard operating procedure^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/StandardOperatingProcedure

Clear and detailed written instructions of a prescribed step-by-step procedure to be routinely followed, and decisions to be made when undertaking a specific task, process or function, to achieve consistent performance, ensure safety and/or assure data quality.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-standard-operating-procedure a fabio:StandardOperatingProcedure ;
            dcterms:title 'SOP for DNA sequencing (v2.1)'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A set of step-by-step instructions compiled by an organization to help workers carry out complex routine operations.'@en .

has super-classes: specification ^c

still image^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/StillImage

A recorded static visual representation. This class of image includes diagrams, drawings, graphs, graphic designs, plans, maps, photographs and prints.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-still-image a fabio:StillImage ;
            dcterms:title 'System architecture diagram v1'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A visual representation on a surface, such as a photograph, drawing, or painting, that is static and does not move.'@en .

has super-classes: image ^c
is disjoint with: moving image ^c

storage medium^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/StorageMedium

A device for recording information or storing data.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-storage-medium a fabio:StorageMedium ;
            dcterms:title 'A storage medium'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A physical medium on which data can be stored, such as a magnetic disk, optical disc, or flash drive.'@en .

has sub-classes: analog storage medium ^c, digital storage medium ^c
is in domain of: stores ^op
is in range of: is stored on ^op

structured summary^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/StructuredSummary

A structured summary containing essential metadata describing a research investigation and/or the research outputs that have resulted from it, for example datasets and journal articles, structured according to some minimal information standard. Such a structured summary can be embodied in both human-readable and machine-readable manifestations, e.g. HTML and RDF. Such a structured summary differs from the Abstract of a journal article, in that the latter is written as a piece of continuous prose, but typically omits vital factual information about the investigation, such as when and where it was conducted, by whom, and on now many specimens or subjects.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-structured-summary a fabio:StructuredSummary ;
            dcterms:title 'Structured summary of Project X'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-minimal-information-standard ;
            dcterms:description 'A summary of a document that is structured into formal sections, such as Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusions.'@en .

has super-classes: specification document ^c
is disjoint with: abstract ^c

subject discipline^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/SubjectDiscipline

A concept that identifies a field of knowledge or human activity defined in a controlled vocabulary, such as Computer Science, Biology, Economics, Cookery or Swimming.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-subject-discipline a fabio:SubjectDiscipline ;
            dcterms:title 'Computational Linguistics'@en ;
            skos:isScheme :my-discipline-dictionary ;
            dcterms:description 'A branch of knowledge or field of study, such as physics, history, or linguistics.'@en .

has super-classes: concept ^c
is in domain of: is discipline of ^op
is in range of: has discipline ^op

subject term^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/SubjectTerm

A concept that defines a term within the controlled vocabulary of a particular classification system, such as the ACM Computing Classification System or MeSH, the Medical Subject Headings, used as an annotation to describe the subject, meaning or content of an entity.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-subject-term a fabio:SubjectTerm ;
            dcterms:title 'Semantic Web'@en ;
            skos:inScheme :my-term-dictionary ;
            dcterms:description 'A word or phrase used to describe the subject matter of a work.'@en .

has super-classes: concept ^c
is in range of: has subject term ^op

supplement^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Supplement

A supplement to a publication such as a book, journal, magazine or newspaper, additional to the main publication.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-supplement a fabio:Supplement ;
            dcterms:title 'Dataset and appendices'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'An expression that updates or adds to another endeavor, and is usually published separately.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

supplementary information file^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/SupplementaryInformation

A file accompanying a published journal article, containing additional information of relevance to the article, typically available from the publisher's web site via a hyperlink from the journal article itself.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-supplementary-information a fabio:SupplementaryInformation ;
            dcterms:title 'Extended tables'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'Information that is relevant to a work but is not essential to its understanding and is usually published separately.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c

systematic review^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/SystematicReview

A literature review focused on a single question that tries to identify, appraise, select and synthesize all high quality research evidence relevant to that question. Systematic reviews of high-quality randomized controlled trials are crucial to evidence-based medicine. An understanding of systematic reviews and how to implement them in practice is becoming mandatory for all professionals involved in the delivery of health care. Systematic reviews are not limited to medicine, and are quite common in other sciences such as psychology, educational research and sociology.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-systematic-review a fabio:SystematicReview ;
            dcterms:title 'Bibliographic Data Science: a literature review'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A review of a clearly formulated question that uses systematic and explicit methods to identify, select, and critically appraise relevant research.'@en .

has super-classes: review ^c

table^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Table

A graphical means of presenting data in a grid of rows and columns, within which the cells usually contain alphanumeric text or numeric values. If included within a publication, a table typically appearing unaligned with the main body of text, with its own descriptive title.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-table a fabio:Table ;
            dcterms:title 'Table 1: Comparative analysis of results'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A set of data arranged in rows and columns.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c
has sub-classes: table of contents ^c

table of contents^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/TableOfContents

A table listing the parts of publication such as a book or technical specification, and the pages on which these content elements start (if the publication is printed or otherwise organized into pages), usually listed in order of appearance. The Table of Contents typically includes first-level headers, such as the chapter titles of a book, and may also include second- and even third-level headers. In electronic works, the Table of Contents entries are often internally hyperlinked to the content items, so that clicking on the entry takes the reader to that item.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-table-of-contents a fabio:TableOfContents ;
            dcterms:title 'Table of contents for User Manual v1'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A list of the parts of a document, such as chapters or sections, organized in the order in which they appear.'@en .

has super-classes: table ^c

taxonomy^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Taxonomy

A classification arranged in a hierarchical structure of classes and subclasses, showing parent-child `isA` relationships, or `broader_than` - `narrower_than` relationships.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-taxonomy a fabio:Taxonomy ;
            dcterms:title 'Taxonomy for scholarly research activities'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types.'@en .

has super-classes: controlled vocabulary ^c
is disjoint with: authority file ^c, thesaurus ^c

technical report^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/TechnicalReport

A report of a technical nature.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-technical-report a fabio:TechnicalReport ;
            dcterms:title 'Technical report on genAI security'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A document that describes the process, progress, or results of technical or scientific research.'@en .

has super-classes: report ^c

technical standard^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/TechnicalStandard

An official or public specification of, or requirement for, a technical method, practice, process or protocol that is involved in, for example, manufacturing, computation, electronic communication, or digital media.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-technical-standard a fabio:TechnicalStandard ;
            dcterms:title 'ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A formal document that establishes uniform engineering or technical criteria, methods, processes and practices.'@en .

has super-classes: specification ^c

term dictionary^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/TermDictionary

A controlled vocabulary, usually referring to terms within a particular classification system, such as the ACM Computing Classification System or MeSH, the Medical Subject Headings, or a controlled vocabulary of disciplines.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-term-dictionary a fabio:TermDictionary ;
            dcterms:title 'Artificial Intelligence Glossary'@en ;
            skos:isSchemeOf :my-subject-term ;
            dcterms:description 'A collection of terms and their definitions, often specific to a particular subject or field.'@en .

has super-classes: concept scheme ^c
is in domain of: has discipline ^op
is in range of: is discipline of ^op
is disjoint with: discipline dictionary ^c

textbook^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Textbook

A book containing instructional material relating to a particular topic of academic study, designed to be read by students.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-text-book a fabio:TextBook ;
            dcterms:title 'Introduction to Meta-ontologies'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-instructional-work ;
            dcterms:description 'A book used as a standard source of information for the formal study of a particular subject.'@en .

has super-classes: book ^c

thesaurus^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Thesaurus

A type of controlled vocabulary used in information retrieval applications for indexing or tagging purposes, in which relationships between terms are made explicit. These are normally hierarchical relationships (is-a, subsumption; e.g. a cow is a mammal), equivalency relationships relating non-preferred terms to preferred terms (e.g. pitch and frequency), or associative relationships, in which the relationship that exists is neither one of hierarchy or equivalence, but rather one of similarity (e.g. sports and leisure pursuits).

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-thesaurus a fabio:Thesaurus ;
            dcterms:title 'UNESCO Thesaurus'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A controlled vocabulary in which concepts are represented by preferred terms, and relationships between concepts are explicitly stated.'@en .

has super-classes: controlled vocabulary ^c
is disjoint with: authority file ^c, taxonomy ^c

thesis^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Thesis

A book authored by a student containing a formal presentations of research outputs submitted for examination in completion of a course of study at an institution of higher education, to fulfil the requirements for an academic degree. Also know as a dissertation.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-thesis a fabio:Thesis ;
            dcterms:title 'Developing intelligent LLM-based agents'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A document presenting the author's research and findings, submitted in support of candidature for a degree or professional qualification.'@en .

has super-classes: book ^c
has sub-classes: bachelor's thesis ^c, doctoral thesis ^c, master's thesis ^c

timetable^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Timetable

A tabular dataset providing information about the times and locations of a planned series of events.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-timetable a fabio:Timetable ;
            dcterms:title 'Lessons' plan'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A schedule listing the times at which certain events, such as classes, meetings, or departures and arrivals, are intended to take place.'@en .

has super-classes: dataset ^c

trial report^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/TrialReport

The report of a trial, for example an experimental trial or a legal trial.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-trial-report a fabio:TrialReport ;
            dcterms:title 'Report on Phase 3 experiments' results'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A report of a trial, typically a clinical trial of a drug or a medical procedure.'@en .

has super-classes: report ^c
has sub-classes: clinical trial report ^c

triplestore^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Triplestore

A database specifically designed for the storage and retrieval of Resource Description Framework (RDF) data consisting of subject-predicate-object triples. A triple store is queried using the RDF query language SPARQL.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-triplestore a fabio:Triplestore ;
            dcterms:title 'GraphDB instance for Project X'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A purpose-built database for the storage and retrieval of triples through semantic queries.'@en .

has super-classes: database ^c

tweet^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Tweet

A posting made on the social networking site X (formerly known as Twitter). A tweet is a text message limited to 140 characters in length, that is broadcast and readable by anyone who accesses X.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-tweet a fabio:Tweet ;
            dcterms:title 'Post about AI'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A short social media post made on the X microblogging service.'@en .

has super-classes: micropost ^c

uncontrolled vocabulary^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/UncontrolledVocabulary

A non-defined collection of words and phrases relating to a particular domain of knowledge, usually added freely by a community, in which homonyms, synonyms and similar ambiguities of meaning present in natural language are not formally disambiguated.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-uncontrolled-vocabulary a fabio:UncontrolledVocabulary ;
            dcterms:title 'User folksonomy'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A collection of terms that are not part of a controlled vocabulary, such as a set of keywords chosen by a service's user community.'@en .

has super-classes: vocabulary ^c
has sub-classes: folksonomy ^c

vocabulary^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Vocabulary

A set of words, either constituting a language, or more specifically used to describe a particular domain of knowledge.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-vocabulary a fabio:Vocabulary ;
            dcterms:title 'Vocabulary of scientific terminology'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A collection of words or terms, often with their meanings, belonging to a particular language or field of knowledge.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c
has sub-classes: controlled vocabulary ^c, uncontrolled vocabulary ^c

vocabulary document^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/VocabularyDocument

A document containing a vocabulary

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-vocabulary-document a fabio:VocabularyDocument ;
            dcterms:title 'SKOS Simple Knowledge Organization System Reference'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-vocabulary ;
            dcterms:description 'A document that describes a vocabulary, such as a formal specification or a user guide.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c
has sub-classes: ontology document ^c

vocabulary mapping^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/VocabularyMapping

A mapping of correspondences between two vocabularies.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-vocabulary-mapping a fabio:VocabularyMapping ;
            dcterms:title 'Semantic mapping between MeSH and LCSH'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A document describing the mapping between two vocabularies.'@en .

has super-classes: specification ^c

vocabulary mapping document^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/VocabularyMappingDocument

A document containing a vocabulary mapping.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-vocabulary-mapping-document a fabio:VocabularyMappingDocument ;
            dcterms:title 'Technical documentation on MeSH-LCSH mapping'@en ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-vocabulary-mapping ;
            dcterms:description 'A document that describes a vocabulary mapping, such as a formal specification or a user guide.'@en .

has super-classes: specification document ^c

web archive^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WebArchive

A snapshots of (part of) the World Wide Web.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-web-archive a fabio:WebArchive ;
            dcterms:title 'Wayback Machine'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A collection of web pages and associated assets that have been preserved for future reference.'@en .

has super-classes: repository ^c

web content^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WebContent

Information prepared specifically and primarily for manifestation in a web page, comprising text, images, datasets and/or other works.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-web-content a fabio:WebContent ;
            dcterms:title 'Content of SPUK's home page'@en ;
            frbr:embodiment :my-web-manifestation ;
            dcterms:description 'A document or other resource that is delivered to a user over the World Wide Web.'@en .

has super-classes: expression ^c
has sub-classes: blog post ^c, micropost ^c, wiki entry ^c

web manifestation^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WebManifestation

A digital manifestation on the Web, such as a wiki, a web site, a web page or a blog.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-web-manifestation a fabio:WebManifestation ;
            dcterms:format 'text/html' ;
            frbr:embodimentOf :my-web-content ;
            dcterms:description 'A manifestation of an expression that is delivered over the World Wide Web.'@en .

has super-classes: digital manifestation ^c
has sub-classes: blog ^c, web page ^c, web site ^c, wiki ^c

web page^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WebPage

A Web manifestation usually identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), and made accessible to a user by means of the Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) in a Web browser window. Several interlinked web pages hosted together on a Web server and accessed through a single domain name or IP address constitute a web site.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-web-page a fabio:WebPage ;
            dcterms:title 'SPUK's index page'@en ;
            dcterms:publisher :github ;
            frbr:embodimentOf :my-web-content ;
            dcterms:description 'A document that is suitable for the World Wide Web and can be accessed through a web browser.'@en .

has super-classes: page ^c, web manifestation ^c

web site^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WebSite

A collection of related web pages containing text, images, videos and/or other digital assets that are addressed relative to a common Uniform Resource Locator (URL). A web site is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a network such as the Internet or a private local area network.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-web-site a fabio:WebSite ;
            dcterms:title 'Semantic Web Italian Portal'@en ;
            frbr:embodimentOf :my-web-content ;
            dcterms:description 'A collection of related web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that are addressed with a common domain name or IP address.'@en .

has super-classes: web manifestation ^c

white paper^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WhitePaper

An authoritative report or guide designed to educate readers and help people make decisions, or to explain technical problems and how to solve them. White papers are typically published by governments to propose new legislation for discussion, and by commercial companies to inform readers about products or services, as aids to marketing.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-white-paper a fabio:WhitePaper ;
            dcterms:title 'Evolution of decentralized networks'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'An authoritative report or guide that informs readers concisely about a complex issue and presents the issuing body's philosophy on the matter.'@en .

has super-classes: report document ^c

wiki^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Wiki

A collaborative Web manifestation, usually maintained by a project team or group, providing easy-to-edit pages that can be used to accumulate related information for shared use by the group and/or publication.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-wiki a fabio:Wiki ;
            dcterms:title 'Collaborative Wiki for Project X'@en ;
            frbr:embodimentOf :my-web-content ;
            dcterms:description 'A website that allows collaborative editing of its content and structure by its users.'@en .

has super-classes: web manifestation ^c

wiki entry^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WikiEntry

Information manifested in a wiki.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-wiki-entry a fabio:WikiEntry ;
            dcterms:title 'Definition of Project X'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A single article or page within a wiki.'@en .

has super-classes: entry ^c, web content ^c
has sub-classes: wikipedia entry ^c

wikipedia entry^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WikipediaEntry

Information about a particular topic in one of the versions of Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia (http://www.wikipedia.org/).

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-wiki-entry a fabio:WikiEntry ;
            dcterms:title 'Definition of Project X'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A single article or page within a wiki.'@en .

has super-classes: wiki entry ^c

work^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Work

A subclass of FRBR Work, restricted to works that are published or potentially publishable, and that contain or are referred to by bibliographic references, or entities used to define bibliographic references.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-work a fabio:Work ;
            dcterms:title 'Towards a new Semantic Web'@en ;
            frbr:realization :my-expression ;
            dcterms:description 'A conceptual endeavor as imagined by its creator.'@en .

has super-classes: Work ^c
has sub-classes: announcement ^c, archival record ^c, artistic work ^c, biography ^c, case for support ^c, correction ^c, critical edition ^c, dataset ^c, essay ^c, examination paper ^c, grant application ^c, image ^c, instructional work ^c, metadata ^c, model ^c, opinion ^c, policy ^c, proposition ^c, questionnaire ^c, reference work ^c, reply ^c, report ^c, review ^c, scholarly work ^c, software ^c, sound recording ^c, specification ^c, vocabulary ^c, work collection ^c, work package ^c, working paper ^c

work collection^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WorkCollection

Authors:: A collection of works.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-work-collection a fabio:WorkCollection ;
            dcterms:title 'John Doe's works'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            frbr:part :my-work, :my-another-work ;
            dcterms:description 'A collection of works, for example the 'complete works' of an author.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c
has sub-classes: archival record set ^c

work package^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WorkPackage

A component of the case for support of a grant application, describing a particular aspect of the work to be undertaken.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-work-package a fabio:WorkPackage ;
            dcterms:title 'Work Package 1'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A major building block of a project's work plan.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c

workflow^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Workflow

A recorded sequence of connected steps, which may be automated, specifying a reliably repeatable sequence of operations to be undertaken when conducting a particular job, for example an in silico investigation that extracts and processes information from a number of bioinformatics databases.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-workflow a fabio:Workflow ;
            dcterms:title 'Genomics data analysis workflow'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A sequence of connected steps, which may be automated, that are used to achieve a particular goal.'@en .

has super-classes: specification ^c

working paper^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WorkingPaper

An unpublished paper, usually circulated privately among a small group of peers, to provide information or with a request for comments or editorial improvement.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-working-paper a fabio:WorkingPaper ;
            dcterms:title 'Preliminary analysis of new markets in 2026'@en ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe ;
            dcterms:description 'A technical report or draft of a research paper that has not yet been published in a peer-reviewed journal.'@en .

has super-classes: work ^c

workshop paper^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WorkshopPaper

A paper, typically the realization of a research paper reporting original research findings, usually presented at a workshop and published within a workshop proceedings volume.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-workshop-paper a fabio:WorkshopPaper ;
            dcterms:title 'New perspectives for Linked Data analysis'@en ;
            dcterms:description 'A paper presented at a workshop and potentially published in the workshop proceedings.'@en .

has super-classes: proceedings paper ^c

workshop proceedings^c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WorkshopProceedings

A document containing the programme and collected workshop papers, or their abstracts, presented at a workshop or similar event.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-workshop-proceedings a fabio:WorkshopProceedings ;
            dcterms:title 'Proceedings of the International Workshop on Linked Open Data 2026'@en ;
            frbr:part :my-workshop-paper ;
            dcterms:description 'A collection of papers presented at a workshop.'@en .

has super-classes: academic proceedings ^c

Object Properties

has creator^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator

An entity primarily responsible for making the resource.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/dc/terms

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-report a fabio:Report ;
            dcterms:creator :john-doe .

has super-properties: top Object Property ^op

has discipline^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasDiscipline

The discipline to which a subject vocabulary belongs.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-term-dictionary a fabio:TermDictionary ;
            fabio:hasDiscipline
                dbpedia:Computer_science ,
                dbpedia:Law .

has super-properties: top Object Property ^op
has domain: term dictionary ^c or Endeavour ^c
has range: subject discipline ^c
is inverse of: is discipline of ^op

has embodiment^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#embodiment

A property representing a manifestation that embodies an expression.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            frbr:embodiment :my-print-object , :my-digital-manifestation .

has exemplar^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#exemplar

A property representing an item that exemplifies a manifestation.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-print-object a fabio:PrintObject ;
            frbr:exemplar :my-exemplar .

has format^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/format

The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/dc/terms

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-dataset a fabio:Dataset ;
            dcterms:format <http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/file-type/CSV> .

has super-properties: top Object Property ^op

has language^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/language

A language of the resource.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/dc/terms

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-dataset a fabio:Dataset ;
            dcterms:language <http://lexvo.org/id/iso639-3/ita> .

has super-properties: top Object Property ^op

has license^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/license

A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/dc/terms

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-dataset a fabio:Dataset ;
            dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> .

has super-properties: top Object Property ^op

has manifestation^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasManifestation

A property linking a particular work to its manifestations.

editorial note: This property is additional to the relationships between FRBR endeavours present in the classical FRBR data model.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-research-paper a fabio:ResearchPaper ;
            fabio:hasManifestation :my-print-object .

has super-properties: related Endeavour ^op
has domain: Work ^c
has range: Manifestation ^c
is inverse of: is manifestation of ^op
has sub-property chains: has realization ^op o has embodiment ^op

has part^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#part

A property indicating that one entity includes another entity.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-issue a fabio:JournalIssue ;
            frbr:part :my-journal-article .

has place of publication^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasPlaceOfPublication

The place (usually, the city) where the publisher of a particular bibliographic resource is located.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            fabio:hasPlaceOfPublication :london .

has domain: Endeavour ^c
has range: Place ^c

has portrayal^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasPortrayal

A property linking a particular work to its items. This property is additional to the relationships between FRBR endeavours present in the classical FRBR data model.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-research-paper a fabio:ResearchPaper;
            fabio:hasPortrayal :my-digital-item .

has super-properties: related Endeavour ^op
has domain: Work ^c
has range: Item ^c
is inverse of: is portrayal of ^op
has sub-property chains: has realization ^op o has embodiment ^op o has exemplar ^op

has primary subject term^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasPrimarySubjectTerm

This property is used to associate a frbr:Endeavour to a term in a particular classification system - and the term is considered one of the main topics for the endeavour in consideration.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            fabio:hasPrimarySubjectTerm <http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005806> .

has super-properties: has subject term ^op

has publisher^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher

An entity responsible for making the resource available.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/dc/terms

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-paperback a fabio:Paperback ;
            dcterms:publisher :springer .

has super-properties: top Object Property ^op

has realization^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realization

A property representing an expression that is an intellectual or artistic realization of a work.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-research-paper a fabio:ResearchPaper ;
            frbr:realization :my-journal-article .

has representation^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasRepresentation

A property linking a particular expression to its items.

editorial note: This property is additional to the relationships between FRBR endeavours present in the classical FRBR data model.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            fabio:hasRepresentation :my-digital-item .

has super-properties: related Endeavour ^op
has domain: Expression ^c
has range: Item ^c
is inverse of: is representation of ^op
has sub-property chains: has embodiment ^op o has exemplar ^op

has rights^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/rights

Information about rights held in and over the resource.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/dc/terms

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-dataset a fabio:Dataset ;
            dcterms:rights <https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/> .

has super-properties: top Object Property ^op

has subject term^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasSubjectTerm

This property is used to associate a `frbr:Endeavour` to a term in a particular classification system.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-research-paper a fabio:ResearchPaper ;
            fabio:hasSubjectTerm
                :air-and-space-law ,
                :computational-linguistics ,
                :philosophy-of-law ,
                :legal-aspects-of-computing ,
                :artificial-intelligence-incl-robotics .

has super-properties: top Object Property ^op
has sub-properties: has primary subject term ^op
has domain: Endeavour ^c
has range: subject term ^c

is discipline of^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/isDisciplineOf

This property relates a subject vocabulary to the discipline to which it belongs.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-concept a skos:Concept ;
            skos:prefLabel 'Ontology Engineering'@en ;
            fabio:isDisciplineOf :my-research-paper .

has super-properties: top Object Property ^op
has domain: subject discipline ^c
has range: term dictionary ^c or Endeavour ^c
is inverse of: has discipline ^op

is embodiment of^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#embodimentOf

A property representing an expression that is embodied by a manifestation.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-digital-manifestation a fabio:DigitalManifestation ;
            frbr:embodimentOf :my-expression .

is exemplar of^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#exemplarOf

A property representing a manifestation that is exemplified by an item.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-item a fabio:Item ;
            frbr:exemplarOf :my-manifestation .

is in scheme^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#inScheme

This property expresses the fact that a concept is a part of a scheme.

Is defined by: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-subject-term a fabio:SubjectTerm ;
            skos:inScheme :my-concept-scheme .

has super-properties: top Object Property ^op
has domain: concept ^c
has range: concept scheme ^c
is inverse of: is scheme of ^op

is manifestation of^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/isManifestationOf

A property linking a particular manifestation to the work it is manifesting.

editorial note: This property is additional to the relationships between FRBR endeavours present in the classical FRBR data model.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-manifestation a fabio:Manifestation ;
            fabio:isManifestationOf :my-work .

has super-properties: related Endeavour ^op
has domain: Manifestation ^c
has range: Work ^c
is inverse of: has manifestation ^op
has sub-property chains: is embodiment of ^op o is realization of ^op

is part of^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#partOf

A property indicating that one entity is a part of another entity.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            frbr:partOf :my-journal-issue .

is portrayal of^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/isPortrayalOf

A property linking a particular item to the work it portrays.

editorial note: This property is additional to the relationships between FRBR endeavours present in the classical FRBR data model.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-item a fabio:Item;
            fabio:isPortrayalOf :my-work .

has super-properties: related Endeavour ^op
has domain: Item ^c
has range: Work ^c
is inverse of: has portrayal ^op
has sub-property chains: is exemplar of ^op o is embodiment of ^op o is realization of ^op

is realization of^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realizationOf

A property representing the work that has been realized by an expression.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-audio-document a fabio:AudioDocument ;
            frbr:realizationOf :my-sound-recording .

is representation of^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/isRepresentationOf

A property linking a particular item to the expression it represents.

editorial note: This property is additional to the relationships between FRBR endeavours present in the classical FRBR data model.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-item a fabio:Item ;
            fabio:isRepresentationOf :my-expression .

has super-properties: related Endeavour ^op
has domain: Item ^c
has range: Expression ^c
is inverse of: has representation ^op
has sub-property chains: is exemplar of ^op o is embodiment of ^op

is scheme of^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/isSchemeOf

This property expresses the fact that a scheme contains a concept.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-concept-scheme a skos:ConceptScheme ;
            fabio:isSchemeOf :my-concept .

has super-properties: top Object Property ^op
has domain: concept scheme ^c
has range: concept ^c
is inverse of: is in scheme ^op

is stored on^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/isStoredOn

This property relates a fabio:Item to the medium upon which it is stored.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-item a fabio:Item ;
            fabio:isStoredOn fabio:floppy-disk .

has super-properties: top Object Property ^op
has domain: item ^c
has range: storage medium ^c
is inverse of: stores ^op

stores^op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/stores

This property relates a storage medium to the `fabio:Item` stored upon it.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-storage-medium a fabio:StorageMedium ;
            fabio:stores :my-item .

has super-properties: top Object Property ^op
has domain: storage medium ^c
has range: item ^c
is inverse of: is stored on ^op

Data Properties

abstract
alternate title
date last updated
has acceptance date
has access date
has ArXiv identifier
has character count
has CODEN
has copyright date
has copyright year
has correction date
has creation date
has date
has date collected
has date received
has deadline
has decision date
has deposit date
has DOI
has edition
has eISSN
has electronic article identifier
has embargo date
has embargo period
has ending page
has handle
has identifier
has ISBN
has ISSN
has ISSN-L
has issue date
has issue identifier
has keyword
has modification date
has National Library of Medicine journal identifier
has National Library of Medicine journal title abbreviation
has number
has page count
has page range
has patent number
has PII
has preprint dissemination date
has publication date
has publication year
has PubMed Central identifier
has PubMed identifier
has request date
has retraction date
has season
has short title
has SICI
has standard number
has starting page
has submission date
has subtitle
has title
has translated subtitle
has translated title
has URL
has validity date
has version identifier
has volume count
has volume identifier
has word count
section
uses calendar

abstract^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/abstract

A summary of the resource.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/dc/terms

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            dcterms:abstract 'This article explores the new frontiers of ontologies applied to AI in 2026.'@en .

alternate title^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/alternateTitle

An alternative title for a resource.

Is defined by: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            dcterms:title 'Advanced Semantic Mapping in 2026'@en ;
            prism:alternateTitle 'ASM 2026 Project Report'@en .

has super-properties: has title ^dp

date last updated^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/dateLastUpdated

The date on which a particular endeavour, such as an ontology, was last updated.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-dataset a fabio:Dataset ;
            fabio:dateLastUpdated '2026-04-29T09:00:00'^^xsd:dateTime .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: has date ^dp
has range: date Time

has acceptance date^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/dateAccepted

The date of acceptance of an entity.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/dc/terms

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            dcterms:dateAccepted '2026-04-28'^^xsd:date .

has super-properties: has date ^dp
has range: date Time

has access date^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasAccessDate

The date on which a particular digital item, such as a PDF or an HTML file, has been accessed by somebody.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-dataset a fabio:Dataset ;
            fabio:hasAccessDate '2026-04-29T09:41:00'^^xsd:dateTime .

has super-properties: has date ^dp
has domain: item ^c
has range: date Time

has ArXiv identifier^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasArXivId

An identifier used by the preprint repository ArXiv.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-preprint a fabio:Preprint ;
            fabio:hasArXivId '2304.12345v1' .

has super-properties: has identifier ^dp

has character count^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasCharacterCount

The count of the number of characters in a textual resource.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

:my-manuscript a fabio:Manuscript ;
    fabio:hasCharacterCount '15400'^^xsd:positiveInteger .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: top Data Property ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c
has range: positive Integer

has CODEN^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasCODEN

A CODEN is a six character, alphanumeric bibliographic identification code, that provides concise, unique and unambiguous identification of the titles of serials and non-serial publications.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal a fabio:Journal ;
            fabio:hasCODEN 'JBCHA3' .

has super-properties: has identifier ^dp

has copyright date^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/dateCopyrighted

The date on which an entity has been copyrighted.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/dc/terms

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            dcterms:dateCopyrighted '2026-04-28'^^xsd:date .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: has date ^dp
has range: date

has copyright year^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasCopyrightYear

The year in which an entity has been copyrighted.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-preprint a fabio:Preprint ;
            fabio:hasCopyrightYear '2026'^^xsd:gYear .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: has date ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c
has range: g Year

has correction date^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasCorrectionDate

The date on which something, for example a document, is corrected.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-preprint a fabio:Preprint ;
            fabio:hasCorrectionDate '2026-04-29T00:00:00'^^xsd:dateTime .

has super-properties: has date ^dp
has range: date Time

has creation date^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/created

The date on which an entity has been created.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/dc/terms

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-report a fabio:Report ;
            dcterms:created '2026-04-28'^^xsd:date .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: has date ^dp
has range: date Time

has date^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/date

A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/dc/terms

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            dcterms:date '2026-04-29'^^xsd:date .

has sub-properties: date last updated ^dp, has acceptance date ^dp, has access date ^dp, has copyright date ^dp, has copyright year ^dp, has correction date ^dp, has creation date ^dp, has date collected ^dp, has date received ^dp, has deadline ^dp, has decision date ^dp, has deposit date ^dp, has embargo date ^dp, has embargo period ^dp, has issue date ^dp, has modification date ^dp, has preprint dissemination date ^dp, has request date ^dp, has retraction date ^dp, has submission date ^dp, has validity date ^dp

has date collected^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasDateCollected

The date on which some item has been collected, for example the data gathered by means of questionnaires.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-dataset a fabio:Dataset ;
            fabio:hasDateCollected '2026-04-29T00:00:00'^^xsd:dateTime .

has super-properties: has date ^dp
has range: date Time

has date received^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasDateReceived

The date on which some item is received, for example a document being received by a publisher.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-dataset a fabio:Dataset ;
            fabio:hasDateReceived '2026-04-28T00:00:00'^^xsd:dateTime .

has super-properties: has date ^dp
has range: date Time

has deadline^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasDeadline

A date by which something has to be done.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-call-for-applications a fabio:CallForApplications ;
            fabio:hasDeadline '2026-06-30T23:59:59Z'^^xsd:dateTime .

has super-properties: has date ^dp
has range: date Time

has decision date^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasDecisionDate

The date on which a particular endeavour, such as a grant application, has been or will be approved or rejected by somebody.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-call-for-applications a fabio:CallForApplications ;
            fabio:hasDecisionDate '2026-07-15T23:59:59Z'^^xsd:dateTime .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: has date ^dp
has range: date Time

has deposit date^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasDepositDate

The date on which an entity has been deposited, for example in a library, repository, supplementary information archive, database or similar place of document or information storage.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-preprint a fabio:Preprint ;
            fabio:hasDepositDate '2026-04-28T00:00:00Z'^^xsd:dateTime .

has super-properties: has date ^dp
has domain: item ^c
has range: date Time

has DOI^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/doi

A Digital Object Identifier for a serial publication item, a dataset or some other entity.

Is defined by: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            prism:doi '10.1007/s10506-007-9036-2' .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: has identifier ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c

has edition^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/edition

An identifier for one of several alternative issues of a magazine, a book or other resource.

Is defined by: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-book-2026 a fabio:Book ;
            prism:edition '3rd Revised Edition' .

has domain: Endeavour ^c

has eISSN^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/eIssn

An International Standard Serial Number, ISSN, for electronic versions of serial publications.

Is defined by: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal a fabio:Journal ;
            prism:elssn '8765-4321' .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: has identifier ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c

has electronic article identifier^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasElectronicArticleIdentifier

A local identifier for an article within an electronic (i.e. on line, in HTML format) periodical issue. Use in preference to prism:startingPage when the article lacks page numbers

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            fabio:hasElectronicArticleIdentifier 'e12345' .

has super-properties: top Data Property ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c

has embargo date^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasEmbargoDate

The date before which an entity should not be published, or before which a press release should not be reported on. For open-access journal articles, the embargo date is the date before which availability of the open-access version of the article is restricted by the publisher, following subscription-access availability of the published work. The duration of the embargo period can be specified by fabio:hasEmbargoDuration.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            fabio:hasEmbargoDate '2026-04-28T00:00:00'^^xsd:dateTime .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: has date ^dp
has range: date Time

has embargo period^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasEmbargoDuration

The time period for which an entity is embargoed. During this period, the entity should not be published or, in the case of a press release, should not be reported on. For open-access journal articles, the embargo duration specifies that period of time during which availability of the open-access version of the article is delayed by the publisher, following subscription-access availability of the published work. The end of the embargo period can be specified by fabio:hasEmbargoDate.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            fabio:hasEmbargoDuration '2026-04-28T00:00:00/2026-04-29T00:00:00'^^xsd:dateTime .

has super-properties: has date ^dp

has ending page^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/endingPage

A property used to identify the last page of an entity such as a journal article.

Is defined by: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-print-object a fabio:PrintObject ;
            prism:endingPage '186' .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: top Data Property ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c

has handle^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasHandle

A persistent identifier of the Handle system for digital objects and other resources on the Internet.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            fabio:hasHandle '20.500.12345/6789' .

has super-properties: has identifier ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c
has range: string

has identifier^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier

A unique and unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/dc/terms

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            dcterms:identifier 'doi:10.1000/182' .

has sub-properties: has ArXiv identifier ^dp, has CODEN ^dp, has DOI ^dp, has ISBN ^dp, has ISSN ^dp, has ISSN-L ^dp, has National Library of Medicine journal identifier ^dp, has National Library of Medicine journal title abbreviation ^dp, has PII ^dp, has PubMed Central identifier ^dp, has PubMed identifier ^dp, has SICI ^dp, has URL ^dp, has eISSN ^dp, has handle ^dp, has patent number ^dp, has standard number ^dp

has ISBN^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/isbn

The International Standard Book Number, ISBN, used to identify published books or, more rarely, journal issues.

Is defined by: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-book a fabio:Book ;
            prism:isbn '978-3-16-148410-0' .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: has identifier ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c

has ISSN^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/issn

The International Standard Serial Number, ISSN, an identifier for serial publications.

Is defined by: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal a fabio:Journal ;
            prism:issn '1570-8268' .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: has identifier ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c

has ISSN-L^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasIssnL

A linking International Standard Serial Number.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            fabio:hasIssnL '1234-5678' .

has super-properties: has identifier ^dp

has issue date^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued

Date of formal issuance of a resource (e.g. a publication or a patent).

Is defined by: http://purl.org/dc/terms

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            dcterms:issued '2026-04-29'^^xsd:date .

has super-properties: has date ^dp
has sub-properties: has publication date ^dp, has publication year ^dp

has issue identifier^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/issueIdentifier

An identifier used to identify a specific issue of a magazine, a journal or other resource.

Is defined by: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-issue a fabio:JournalIssue ;
            prism:issueIdentifier '2' .

has characteristics: functional

has domain: Endeavour ^c

has keyword^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/keyword

A property used to tag a resource with a keyword that is likely to be used in search queries.

Is defined by: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-research-paper a fabio:ResearchPaper ;
            prism:keyword
                'legal ontologies' ,
                'methodology' ,
                'ontology modeling' ,
                'professional knowledge' ,
                'rhetorical structure theory' .

has super-properties: top Data Property ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c

has modification date^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified

The date on which an entity has been modified.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/dc/terms

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-dataset a fabio:Dataset ;
            dcterms:modified '2026-04-28T20:00:00'^^xsd:dateTime .

has super-properties: has date ^dp
has range: date Time

has National Library of Medicine journal identifier^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasNationalLibraryOfMedicineJournalId

An internal identifier for journals available from the National Library of Medicine repository.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal a fabio:Journal ;
            fabio:hasNationalLibraryOfMedicineJournalId '9604648' .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: has identifier ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c
has range

has National Library of Medicine journal title abbreviation^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasNLMJournalTitleAbbreviation

An internal identifier for the abbreviation of the title of journals available from the National Library of Medicine repository.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal a fabio:Journal ;
            fabio:hasNLMJournalTitleAbbreviation 'J Biomed Inform' .

has super-properties: has identifier ^dp, has short title ^dp

has number^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasSequenceIdentifier

A literal (for example a number or a letter) that identifies the sequence position of a work within a particular context, for example a book in a book series, a chapter in a document, a volume in a journal.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            fabio:hasSequenceIdentifier '1' .

has super-properties: top Data Property ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c

has page count^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasPageCount

The count of the number of pages in a textual resource.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            fabio:hasPageCount '35'^^xsd:positiveInteger .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: top Data Property ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c
has range: positive Integer

has page range^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/pageRange

A property used to identify the page range of an entity such as a journal article.

Is defined by: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            prism:pageRange '145-162' .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: top Data Property ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c

has patent number^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasPatentNumber

A unique identifying number issued by a patent authority to identify a patent, displayed at the beginning of the patent document.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-patent a fabio:Patent ;
            fabio:hasPatentNumber 'US1234567B2' .

has super-properties: has identifier ^dp

has PII^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasPII

Has Publisher Item Identifier

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            fabio:hasPII 'S0169-7161(26)00123-4' .

has super-properties: has identifier ^dp

has preprint dissemination date^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasDistributionDate

The date on which something is distributed, for example the date on which a preprint of a document is e-mailed to colleagues and other academics by the author(s), or the date on which a printed announcement of forthcoming theatre events is mailed to those those on the theatre's mailing list.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-preprint a fabio:Preprint ;
            fabio:hasDistributionDate '2026-04-27T00:00:00Z'^^xsd:dateTime .

has super-properties: has date ^dp
has range: date Time

has publication date^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/publicationDate

The date on which a resource is published or disclosed.

Is defined by: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-paperback a fabio:Paperback ;
            prism:publicationDate '2007-06'^^xsd:gYearMonth .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: has issue date ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c
has range: date or g Year or g Year Month

has publication year^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasPublicationYear

The year in which a resource is published.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            fabio:hasPublicationYear '2007'^^xsd:gYear .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: has issue date ^dp
has range: g Year

has PubMed Central identifier^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasPubMedCentralId

An identifier for bibliographic entities hosted by the PubMed Central repository.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            fabio:hasPubMedCentralId 'PMC1234567' .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: has identifier ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c
has range: string

has PubMed identifier^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasPubMedId

An identifier for bibliographic records held by the PubMed repository.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            fabio:hasPubMedId '34567890' .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: has identifier ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c
has range: string

has request date^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasRequestDate

The date on which an agent is requested to do something, for example a reviewer is requested to write a review of a paper submitted to a journal for publication, or an author is requested to supply a revised version of the paper in response to the reviews received.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            fabio:hasRequestDate '2026-05-15'^^xsd:date .

has super-properties: has date ^dp

has retraction date^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasRetractionDate

The date on which something, for example a claim or a journal article, is retracted.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            fabio:hasRetractionDate '2026-10-29'^^xsd:date .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: has date ^dp
has range: date Time

has season^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasSeason

Permits specification of the season of the year, for example spring, summer, autumn and winter in British English.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            fabio:hasSeason 'spring' .

has super-properties: top Data Property ^dp

has short title^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasShortTitle

A short version of the title of an entity, typically used to label or refer to a particular entity in an abbreviated form, for example an abbreviated journal title in a reference, or a short title of a document used as the running title in a page header.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            fabio:hasShortTitle 'IWS' .

has super-properties: has title ^dp
has sub-properties: has National Library of Medicine journal title abbreviation ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c
has range: string

has SICI^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasSICI

The Serial Item and Contribution Identifier is a code used to uniquely identify specific volumes, articles or other identifiable parts of a periodical. It is intended primarily for use by those members of the bibliographic community involved in the use or management of serial titles and their contributions.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            fabio:hasSICI '0015-6914(199612)18:12<12:SIAI>2.0.TX;2-B' .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: has identifier ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c
has range: string

has standard number^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasStandardNumber

The number defining an international standard, for example Z39.96 - 201x, identifying NISO JATS, the Journal Article Tag Suite.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            fabio:hasStandardNumber 'ISO 9001:2015' .

has super-properties: has identifier ^dp

has starting page^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/startingPage

A property used to identify the first page of an entity such as a journal article.

Is defined by: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-print-object a fabio:PrintObject ;
            prism:startingPage '171' .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: top Data Property ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c

has submission date^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/dateSubmitted

The date on which an entity has been submitted.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/dc/terms

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            dcterms:dateSubmitted '2026-04-28T00:00:00'^^xsd:dateTime .

has super-properties: has date ^dp
has range: date Time

has subtitle^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasSubtitle

A secondary title that follows the main title of a work.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            fabio:hasSubtitle 'Practical Guide to Ontologies and Linked Data'@en .

has super-properties: has title ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c
has range: string

has title^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/title

A name given to a resource. Typically, the title will be the name by which the resource is formally known.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/dc/terms

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            dcterms:title 'OPJK and DILIGENT: ontology modeling in a distributed environment'@en .

has sub-properties: alternate title ^dp, has short title ^dp, has subtitle ^dp, has translated subtitle ^dp, has translated title ^dp

has translated subtitle^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasTranslatedSubtitle

A version of the subtitle of an entity translated into another language, which may be specified using the object property dcterms:language.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            fabio:hasTranslatedSubtitle 'Guida pratica alle ontologie e ai Linked Data'@it .

has super-properties: has title ^dp

has translated title^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasTranslatedTitle

A version of the title of an entity translated into another language, which may be specified using the object property dcterms:language.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            fabio:hasTranslatedTitle 'Il Web Semantico'@it .

has super-properties: has title ^dp

has URL^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasURL

An identifier, in form of an HTTP Universal Resource Locator (URL), for a particular resource on the World Wide Web.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            fabio:hasURL 'https://www.example.org/articles/intro-semantic-web'^^xsd:anyURI .

has super-properties: has identifier ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c
has range: any U R I

has validity date^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/valid

Date (often a range) of validity of a resource.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/dc/terms

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-dataset a fabio:Dataset ;
            dcterms:valid '2026-04-28T20:00:00/2036-04-28T23:59:59'^^xsd:dateTime .

has super-properties: has date ^dp
has range: date Time

has version identifier^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/versionIdentifier

An identifier for a version of a resource.

Is defined by: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-technical-report a fabio:TechnicalReport ;
            prism:versionIdentifier '2.1.4' .

has super-properties: top Data Property ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c

has volume count^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasVolumeCount

The count of the number of volumes a work includes.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-book-series a fabio:BookSeries ;
            fabio:hasVolumeCount '12'^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: top Data Property ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c
has range: non Negative Integer

has volume identifier^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/volume

An identifier for a particular volume of a resource.

Is defined by: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-volume a fabio:JournalVolume ;
            prism:volume '15' .

has characteristics: functional

has domain: Endeavour ^c

has word count^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/wordCount

The count of the number of words in a textual resource.

Is defined by: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ;
            prism:wordCount '1250' .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: top Data Property ^dp
has domain: Endeavour ^c
has range: positive Integer

section^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/section

The name or identifier of the section or part of a resource.

Is defined by: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-news-article a fabio:NewsArticle ;
            prism:section 'Technology and Research' .

has super-properties: top Data Property ^dp

uses calendar^dp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/usesCalendar

A property that identifies the calendar system used to specify a date, for example the Chinese, Gregorian, Hebrew, Islamic or Lunar calendar.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

Example

        :my-work a fabio:Work ;
            fabio:usesCalendar 'lunar' .

has characteristics: functional

has super-properties: top Data Property ^dp

Named Individuals

analog magnetic tape
CD
cloud
digital magnetic tape
digital versatile disc
fabio
film
floppy disk
HD
internet
intranet
paper
RAM
solid state memory
vinyl disk
World Wide Web

analog magnetic tapeⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/analog-magnetic-tape

An analog medium for magnetic recording of audio and video information, made of a thin magnetizable coating on a long, narrow plastic tape, typically wound on a spool.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

belongs to: analog storage medium ^c
has facts: example ^ap " :my-fabio-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:analog-magnetic-tape . "; term status ^ap "stable"@en

CDⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/cd

A non-rewritable optical disc used to store digital data.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

belongs to: digital storage medium ^c
has facts: example ^ap " :my-fabio-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:cd . "; term status ^ap "stable"@en

cloudⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/cloud

A distributed and commoditized Internet-based computing resource, whereby shared services, software programs, and information storage facilities are provided to computers and other devices on demand, at locations of which the user may be unaware, like the electricity grid.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

belongs to: digital storage medium ^c
has facts: example ^ap " :my-fabio-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:cloud . "; term status ^ap "stable"@en

digital magnetic tapeⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/digital-magnetic-tape

A rewritable digital medium for magnetic recording of audio, video and other data, made of a thin magnetizable coating on a long, narrow strip of plastic, usually wound on a spool.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

belongs to: digital storage medium ^c
has facts: example ^ap " :my-fabio-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:digital-magnetic-tape . "; term status ^ap "stable"@en

digital versatile discⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/dvd

A non-rewritable optical disc storage medium resembling a compact disc (CD), usually used for video and data storage. A DVD has the same physical dimensions as a CD, but is capable of storing more than six times as much data.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

belongs to: digital storage medium ^c
has facts: example ^ap " :my-fabio-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:dvd . "; term status ^ap "stable"@en

fabioⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

has facts: has license ^op legalcode ⁿⁱ; abstract ^dp "The FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology (FaBiO) is an ontology for recording and publishing on the Semantic Web descriptions of entities that are published or potentially publishable, and that contain or are referred to by bibliographic references, or entities used to define such bibliographic references."@en; has creation date ^dp "2017-05-29"; has issue date ^dp "2017-05-29"; has modification date ^dp "2026-05-18"

filmⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/film

A thin flexible strip of plastic or other material coated with light-sensitive emulsion upon which images can be recorded, typically using a camera, usually used to record photographic images or motion pictures.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

belongs to: analog storage medium ^c
has facts: example ^ap " :my-fabio-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:film . "; term status ^ap "stable"@en

floppy diskⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/floppy-disk

A rewritable data storage medium that is composed of a disk of thin, flexible (floppy) magnetic storage medium encased in a square or rectangular plastic shell. Data are encoded magnetically by a read/write head that float on a cushion of air in close proximity to the surface of the rotated disk.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

belongs to: digital storage medium ^c
has facts: example ^ap " :my-fabio-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:floppy-disk . "; term status ^ap "stable"@en

HDⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hard-drive

A non-volatile storage device for digital data, composed of one or more rigid discs (platters) mounted side by side on a motor-driven spindle within a metal case. Data are encoded magnetically by read/write heads that float on cushions of air in close proximity to the surfaces of the rotated platters.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

belongs to: digital storage medium ^c
has facts: example ^ap " :my-fabio-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:hard-drive . "; term status ^ap "stable"@en

internetⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/internet

A global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. The internet connects millions of private, public, academic, business and governmental computers, that are individually attached to local networks linked together by a broad array of electronic, radio and optical networking technologies to form the internet.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

belongs to: digital storage medium ^c
has facts: example ^ap " :my-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:internet . "; term status ^ap "stable"@en

intranetⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/intranet

A private computer network, unconnected to the internet or separated from it by a firewall, that uses a network operating system and Internet Protocol technologies to permit an organization's information to be shared securely within that organization.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

belongs to: digital storage medium ^c
has facts: example ^ap " :my-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:intranet . "; term status ^ap "stable"@en

paperⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/paper

A thin flat material, typically made from wood pulp, mainly used for writing upon, for printing upon or for packaging.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

belongs to: analog storage medium ^c
has facts: example ^ap " :my-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:paper . "; term status ^ap "stable"@en

RAMⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ram

Abbreviation of Random Access Memory. A form of rewritable computer data storage that takes the form of integrated circuits that allow data to be stored and accessed in any order (i.e. at random), thereby achieving greater speed than for access of data stored in linear form on digital magnetic tape.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

belongs to: digital storage medium ^c
has facts: example ^ap " :my-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:ram . "; term status ^ap "stable"@en

solid state memoryⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/solid-state-memory

A digital storage device built entirely from solid electronic materials with no moving parts, e.g. a USB flash drive.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

belongs to: digital storage medium ^c
has facts: example ^ap " :my-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:solid-state-memory . "; term status ^ap "stable"@en

vinyl diskⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/vinyl-disk

An analog sound storage medium consisting of a flat disc made of moulded vinyl plastic with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

belongs to: analog storage medium ^c
has facts: example ^ap " :my-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:vinyl . "; term status ^ap "stable"@en

World Wide Webⁿⁱ back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/web

A system of interlinked hypertext documents written in HTML and accessed using the HTTP protocol via the Internet.

Is defined by: http://purl.org/spar/fabio

Term status: stable

belongs to: digital storage medium ^c
has facts: example ^ap " :my-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:web . "; term status ^ap "stable"@en

Legend back to ToC

^c: Classes
^op: Object Properties
^dp: Data Properties
ⁿⁱ: Named Individuals

Changes from last version

Acknowledgments back to ToC

The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.

FaBiO, the FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology

Release: 2017-05-29

Abstract

Introduction back to ToC

Namespace declarations

FaBiO, the FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology: Overview back to ToC

Classes

Object Properties

Data Properties

Named Individuals

Description

Examples of use

Describing a bibliographic entity

Specifying ordered lists of authors

Associating keywords, subject terms and disciplines to a paper

Competency Questions

CQ1

CQ2

CQ3

CQ4

CQ5

Cross-reference for FaBiO, the FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

Classes

abstractc back to ToC or Class ToC

academic proceedingsc back to ToC or Class ToC

addendumc back to ToC or Class ToC

algorithmc back to ToC or Class ToC

analog itemc back to ToC or Class ToC

analog manifestationc back to ToC or Class ToC

analog storage mediumc back to ToC or Class ToC

announcementc back to ToC or Class ToC

anthologyc back to ToC or Class ToC

APIc back to ToC or Class ToC

application profilec back to ToC or Class ToC

archival documentc back to ToC or Class ToC

archival document setc back to ToC or Class ToC

archival recordc back to ToC or Class ToC

archival record setc back to ToC or Class ToC

articlec back to ToC or Class ToC

artistic workc back to ToC or Class ToC

audio documentc back to ToC or Class ToC

authority filec back to ToC or Class ToC

bachelor's thesisc back to ToC or Class ToC

bibliographic databasec back to ToC or Class ToC

bibliographic metadatac back to ToC or Class ToC

biographyc back to ToC or Class ToC

blogc back to ToC or Class ToC

blog postc back to ToC or Class ToC

bookc back to ToC or Class ToC

book chapterc back to ToC or Class ToC

book reviewc back to ToC or Class ToC

book seriesc back to ToC or Class ToC

book setc back to ToC or Class ToC

brief reportc back to ToC or Class ToC

call for applicationsc back to ToC or Class ToC

case for supportc back to ToC or Class ToC

case for support documentc back to ToC or Class ToC

case reportc back to ToC or Class ToC

catalogc back to ToC or Class ToC

chapterc back to ToC or Class ToC

citation metadatac back to ToC or Class ToC

clinical case reportc back to ToC or Class ToC

clinical guidelinec back to ToC or Class ToC

clinical trial designc back to ToC or Class ToC

clinical trial reportc back to ToC or Class ToC

collected worksc back to ToC or Class ToC

commentc back to ToC or Class ToC

complete worksc back to ToC or Class ToC

computer applicationc back to ToC or Class ToC

computer filec back to ToC or Class ToC

computer programc back to ToC or Class ToC

conceptc back to ToC or Class ToC

concept schemec back to ToC or Class ToC

conference paperc back to ToC or Class ToC

conference posterc back to ToC or Class ToC

conference proceedingsc back to ToC or Class ToC

controlled vocabularyc back to ToC or Class ToC

correctionc back to ToC or Class ToC

corrigendumc back to ToC or Class ToC

coverc back to ToC or Class ToC

abstract^c back to ToC or Class ToC

academic proceedings^c back to ToC or Class ToC

addendum^c back to ToC or Class ToC

algorithm^c back to ToC or Class ToC

analog item^c back to ToC or Class ToC

analog manifestation^c back to ToC or Class ToC

analog storage medium^c back to ToC or Class ToC

announcement^c back to ToC or Class ToC

anthology^c back to ToC or Class ToC

API^c back to ToC or Class ToC

application profile^c back to ToC or Class ToC

archival document^c back to ToC or Class ToC

archival document set^c back to ToC or Class ToC

archival record^c back to ToC or Class ToC

archival record set^c back to ToC or Class ToC

article^c back to ToC or Class ToC

artistic work^c back to ToC or Class ToC

audio document^c back to ToC or Class ToC

authority file^c back to ToC or Class ToC

bachelor's thesis^c back to ToC or Class ToC

bibliographic database^c back to ToC or Class ToC

bibliographic metadata^c back to ToC or Class ToC

biography^c back to ToC or Class ToC

blog^c back to ToC or Class ToC

blog post^c back to ToC or Class ToC

book^c back to ToC or Class ToC

book chapter^c back to ToC or Class ToC

book review^c back to ToC or Class ToC

book series^c back to ToC or Class ToC

book set^c back to ToC or Class ToC

brief report^c back to ToC or Class ToC

call for applications^c back to ToC or Class ToC

case for support^c back to ToC or Class ToC

case for support document^c back to ToC or Class ToC

case report^c back to ToC or Class ToC

catalog^c back to ToC or Class ToC

chapter^c back to ToC or Class ToC

citation metadata^c back to ToC or Class ToC

clinical case report^c back to ToC or Class ToC

clinical guideline^c back to ToC or Class ToC

clinical trial design^c back to ToC or Class ToC

clinical trial report^c back to ToC or Class ToC

collected works^c back to ToC or Class ToC

comment^c back to ToC or Class ToC

complete works^c back to ToC or Class ToC

computer application^c back to ToC or Class ToC

computer file^c back to ToC or Class ToC

computer program^c back to ToC or Class ToC

concept^c back to ToC or Class ToC

concept scheme^c back to ToC or Class ToC

conference paper^c back to ToC or Class ToC

conference poster^c back to ToC or Class ToC

conference proceedings^c back to ToC or Class ToC

controlled vocabulary^c back to ToC or Class ToC

correction^c back to ToC or Class ToC

corrigendum^c back to ToC or Class ToC

cover^c back to ToC or Class ToC

critical edition^c back to ToC or Class ToC

data file^c back to ToC or Class ToC

data management plan^c back to ToC or Class ToC

data management policy^c back to ToC or Class ToC

data management policy document^c back to ToC or Class ToC

data repository^c back to ToC or Class ToC

database^c back to ToC or Class ToC

database management system^c back to ToC or Class ToC

dataset^c back to ToC or Class ToC

definitive version^c back to ToC or Class ToC

deliverable^c back to ToC or Class ToC

deliverable report^c back to ToC or Class ToC

demo paper^c back to ToC or Class ToC

diary^c back to ToC or Class ToC

digital item^c back to ToC or Class ToC

digital manifestation^c back to ToC or Class ToC

digital storage medium^c back to ToC or Class ToC

directory^c back to ToC or Class ToC

discipline dictionary^c back to ToC or Class ToC

doctoral thesis^c back to ToC or Class ToC

document repository^c back to ToC or Class ToC

dust jacket^c back to ToC or Class ToC

e-mail^c back to ToC or Class ToC