The FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology (FaBiO)

http://purl.org/spar/fabio
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abstract academic proceedings addendum algorithm analog item analog manifestation analog storage medium announcement anthology application profile application programming interface archival document archival document set archival record archival record set article artistic work audio document authority file bachelor's thesis bibliographic database bibliographic metadata biography blog blog post book book chapter book review book series book set brief report call for applications case for support case for support document case report catalog chapter citation metadata clinical case report clinical guideline clinical trial design clinical trial report collected works comment complete works computer application computer file computer program concept concept scheme conference paper conference poster conference proceedings controlled vocabulary correction corrigendum cover critical edition data file data management plan data management policy data management policy document data repository database database management system dataset definitive version deliverable deliverable report demo paper diary digital item digital manifestation digital storage medium directory discipline dictionary doctoral thesis document repository dust jacket e-mail editorial endeavour entity metadata entry erratum essay examination paper excerpt executive summary experimental protocol expression expression expression collection figure film folksonomy Gantt chart grant application grant application document hardback image in brief in-use paper index instruction manual instructional work item item item collection journal journal article journal editorial journal issue journal news item journal volume laboratory notebook lecture notes legal opinion letter library catalog literary artistic work magazine magazine article magazine editorial magazine issue magazine news item manifestation manifestation manifestation collection manuscript master's thesis meeting report metadata metadata document methods paper microblog micropost minimal information standard model movie moving image musical composition nanopublication news item news report newspaper newspaper article newspaper editorial newspaper issue newspaper news item notebook notification of receipt novel obituary ontology ontology document opinion oration page paperback patent patent application patent application document patent document periodical periodical issue periodical item periodical volume personal communication Ph.D. symposium paper place play poem policy policy document position paper poster paper postprint preprint presentation press release print object proceedings paper product review project metadata project plan proof proposition questionnaire quotation rapid communication reference book reference entry reference work relational database reply report report document reporting standard repository research paper resource paper retraction retraction notice review review article review paper scholarly work screenplay script series short story software song sound recording specification specification document spreadsheet standard operating procedure still image storage medium structured summary subject discipline subject term supplement supplementary information file systematic review table table of contents taxonomy technical report technical standard term dictionary textbook thesaurus thesis thing timetable trial report triplestore tweet uncontrolled vocabulary vocabulary vocabulary document vocabulary mapping vocabulary mapping document web archive web content web manifestation web page web site white paper wiki wiki entry wikipedia entry work work work collection work package workflow working paper workshop paper workshop proceedings

abstract
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Abstract

comment
A brief summary of a work on a particular subject, designed to act as the point-of-entry that will help the reader quickly to obtain an overview of the work's contents. The abstract may be an integral part of the work itself, written by the same author(s) and appearing at the beginning of a work such as a research paper, report, review or thesis. Alternatively it may be separate from the published work itself, and written by someone other than the author(s) of the published work, for example by a member of a professional abstracting service such as CAB Abstracts.
en
is disjoint with
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
abstract
en
example
:my-abstract a fabio:Abstract ; c4o:hasContent 'In the legal domain, ontologies enjoy quite some reputation as a way to model normative knowledge about laws and jurisprudence.'@en .
term status

academic proceedings
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/AcademicProceedings

comment
A document containing the programme and collected papers, or their abstracts, presented at an academic meeting.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
academic proceedings
en
term status
example
:my-academic-proceedings a fabio:AcademicProceedings ; dcterms:title 'Patent Infringement Proceedings'@en ; frbr:part :my-proceedings-paper .

addendum
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Addendum

comment
An item of material added at the end of a book or other publication, typically to include omitted or late-arriving material.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
addendum
en
term status
example
:my-addendum a fabio:Addendum ; dcterms:title 'Addendum: Unified framework for open quantum dynamics with memory'@en .

algorithm
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Algorithm

comment
A precise sequential set of pre-defined logical rules or computational operations to be employed for solving a particular problem in a finite number of steps.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
algorithm
en
term status
example
:my-algorithm a fabio:Algorithm ; dcterms:title 'Distance Calculator'@en ; dcterms:computer :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'Algorithm for calculating the distance between to geo locations.'@en .

analog item
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/AnalogItem

comment
A real object that is an exemplar of a manifestation, such as a particular copy of the book 'Alice's adventures in Wonderland', that a person may own.
en
is disjoint with
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
analog item
en
term status
example
:my-analog-item a fabio:AnalogItem ; dcterms:title 'On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection'@en ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:paper ; frbr:exemplarOf :my-analog-manifestation .
note
An analog item is an exemplar of an analog manifestation only and it is always stored in a storage medium suitable for analog objects, such as paper, vinyl discs and films.
en

analog manifestation
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/AnalogManifestation

comment
A manifestation in an analog form.
en
is disjoint with
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
analog manifestation
en
example
:my-analog-manifestation a fabio:AnalogManifestation ; dcterms:title 'On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection'@en ; frbr:exemplar :my-analog-item .
term status

analog storage medium
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/AnalogStorageMedium

comment
A means of storing information in non-digital form, e.g. paper, film (for analogue photographs or movies), magnetic tape (for analogue sound recordings or video recordings) or vinyl disc.
en
individuals with this type
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
analog storage medium
en
example
fabio:paper a fabio:AnalogStorageMedium .
term status

announcement
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Announcement

comment
A formal statement about something.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
announcement
en
term status
example
:my-announcement a fabio:Announcement ; dcterms:title 'Open Access Publisher acquires 'The Journal of Future Science''@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'Official press release announcing the strategic acquisition of the journal to expand our Open Access portfolio.'@en .

anthology
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Anthology

comment
A collection of selected literary or scholastics works, for example poems, short stories, plays or research papers.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
anthology
en
term status
example
:my-anthology a fabio:Anthology ; dcterms:title 'The Best Science Fiction Ever Written'@en ; frbr:part :my-story, :my-another-story .

application profile
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ApplicationProfile

comment
A set of metadata elements, policies and guidelines defined for a particular application.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
application profile
en
note
The metadata elements used in the application profile may be drawn from more than one element sets, including locally defined sets.
en
term status
example
:my-application-profile a fabio:ApplicationProfile ; dcterms:title 'The Cultural Heritage Acquisition and Digitisation Application Profile (CHAD-AP)' ; dcterms:description 'CHAD-AP is a CIDOC CRM application profile implemented as an OWL ontology for describing the acquisition and digitisation processes of cultural heritage objects.'@en .

application programming interface
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ApplicationProgrammingInterface

comment
A computer program, commonly abbreviated as 'API', that enables a separate computer to interact programmatically with the computer running it.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
API
en,
application programming interface
en
term status
example
:my-api a fabio:ApplicationProgrammingInterface ; dcterms:title 'OpenCitations Meta REST API' ; dcterms:description 'The REST API for OpenCitations Meta, the OpenCitations dataset containing bibliographic metadata associated with the documents involved in the citations stored in the OpenCitations Indexes.'@en .

archival document
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ArchivalDocument

comment
A realization of the content related to an archival record. It can be exemplified as a book, a document, a letter, a database, etc.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
archival document
en
example
:my-archival-document a fabio:ArchivalDocument ; dcterms:title 'Letter from Alan Turing to the Editor of Nature, 1945'@en ; dcterms:identifier 'MS-TUR-01-A' ; frbr:realizationOf :my-archival-record ; dcterms:description 'A handwritten letter preserved in the university archives.'@en .
term status

archival document set
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ArchivalDocumentSet

comment
A collection of archival documents.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
archival document set
en
example
:my-archival-document-set a fabio:ArchivalDocumentSet ; dcterms:title 'Collection of documents related to Alan Turing's correspondence'@en ; frbr:part :my-archival-document, :my-another-archival-document ; frbr:realizationOf :my-archival-record-set ; dcterms:description 'A collection of various archival documents.'@en .
term status

archival record
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ArchivalRecord

comment
A material created or received by a person, family, or organization, public or private, in the conduct of their affairs that is preserved because of the enduring value contained in the information it contains or as evidence of the function and the responsibilities of its creator.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
archival record
en
term status
example
:my-archival-record a fabio:ArchivalRecord ; dcterms:title 'Correspondence of Alan Turing regarding Enigma decryption'@en ; dcterms:creator :alan-turing ; frbr:realization :my-archival-document ; dcterms:description 'The conceptual archival entity representing the correspondence created by Alan Turing during his research.'@en .

archival record set
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ArchivalRecordSet

comment
A collection of archival records.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
archival record set
en
term status
example
:my-archival-record-set a fabio:ArchivalRecordSet ; dcterms:title 'The Alan Turing War-time Correspondence Collection'@en ; frbr:part :my-archival-record, :my-another-archival-record ; frbr:realization :my-archival-document-set ; dcterms:description 'The conceptual collection of all archival records created by Turing during the conflict.'@en .

article
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Article

comment
The realization of a piece of writing on a particular topic, usually published within a periodical publication (e.g. journal, magazine and newspaper).
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
article
en
term status
example
:my-article a fabio:Article ; dcterms:title 'Automatic SHACL shapes generation'@en ; frbr:embodiment :my-digital-manifestation .

artistic work
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ArtisticWork

comment
A work regarded as art in its widest sense, including works from literature and music, visual art, etc.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
artistic work
en
example
:my-artistic-work a fabio:ArtisticWork ; dcterms:title 'The Starry Night'@en ; dcterms:creator :vincent-van-gogh ; dcterms:description 'The conceptual artistic creation representing Van Gogh's vision of the night sky from Saint-Rémy-de-Provence.'@en .
term status

audio document
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/AudioDocument

comment
The realization of a sound recording.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
audio document
en
term status
example
:my-audio-document a fabio:AudioDocument ; dcterms:title 'Audio recording of the interview with Tim Berners-Lee'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-sound-recording .

authority file
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/AuthorityFile

comment
A controlled vocabulary or official list that establishes, for consistency, the authoritative forms of headings, and the preferred terms or proper names to be used, when creating a catalogue or when indexing and searching a set of entities within a defined domain.
en
is disjoint with
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
authority file
en
term status
example
:my-authority-file a fabio:AuthorityFile ; dcterms:title 'Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A controlled vocabulary that clusters different forms of a name into a single authoritative record.'@en .

bachelor's thesis
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BachelorsThesis

comment
A thesis reporting a research project undertaken as part of an undergraduate course of education leading to a bachelor's degree.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
bachelor's thesis
en
term status
example
:my-bachelors-thesis a fabio:BachelorsThesis ; dcterms:title 'Sorting Algorithms Performance Analysis in Python'@en ; dcterms:description 'A thesis submitted for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science.'@en .

bibliographic database
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BibliographicDatabase

comment
A database providing an authoritative source of bibliographic information.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
bibliographic database
en
example
:my-bibliographic-database a fabio:BibliographicDatabase ; dcterms:title 'Scopus'@en ; dcterms:description 'A large abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature.'@en .
term status
note
Examples include PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed), CrossRef Metadata Search (http://search.crossref.org/) and PubMed Central (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/).
en

bibliographic metadata
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BibliographicMetadata

comment
Standard bibliographic metadata describing an expression of a work.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
bibliographic metadata
en
note
To take the example of a journal article, bibliographic metadata typically include the authors' names, the date of publication, the title of the article, the journal name and volume number, the first and last page numbers, and the Digital Object Identifier (DOI).
en
example
:my-bibliographic-metadata a fabio:BibliographicMetadata ; dcterms:title 'Bibliographic record for 'The Semantic Web''@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'Standard descriptive metadata including author, title, and publication date.'@en .
term status

biography
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Biography

comment
An account of the events, works and achievements, both personal and professional, of a person, either living or dead.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
biography
en
term status
example
:my-biography a fabio:Biography ; dcterms:title 'Einstein: His Life and Universe'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:subject <https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5109-3700> ; dcterms:description 'A comprehensive scholarly work detailing the life history and scientific contributions of Albert Einstein.'@en .

blog
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Blog

comment
A Web publication medium containing blog posts.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
blog
en
example
:my-blog a fabio:Blog ; dcterms:title 'The Semantic Web Insights Blog'@en ; frbr:part :my-blog-post, :my-another-blog-post ; fabio:hasURL 'https://blog.example.org/semantic-web'^^xsd:anyURI ; dcterms:description 'A web manifestation used for publishing periodic entries about linked data technologies.'@en .
term status

blog post
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BlogPost

comment
Information manifested in a blog, one of a set of periodic sequential entries containing commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as images or videos, usually displayed in reverse-chronological order and usually maintained by an individual, or comments on such a post.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
blog post
en
term status
example
:my-blog-post a fabio:BlogPost ; dcterms:title 'The Future of Linked Open Data in 2026'@en ; dcterms:description 'An individual entry published on a blog discussing the evolution of LOD standards.'@en .

book
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Book

comment
A non-serial document that is complete in one volume or a designated finite number of volumes. A book published by a publisher is usually identified by an International Standard Book Number (ISBN), and may be manifested as a physical printed publication on paper bound in a hard or soft cover, or in electronic format as an 'e-book'.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
book
en
example
:my-book a fabio:Book ; dcterms:title 'On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection'@en ; dcterms:creator :charles-darwin ; frbr:realizationOf :my-work ; frbr:embodiment :my-analog-manifestation ; dcterms:language <http://lexvo.org/id/iso639-3/eng> .
term status

book chapter
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BookChapter

comment
A defined chapter of a book, usually with a separate title or number.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
book chapter
en
example
:my-book-chapter a fabio:BookChapter ; dcterms:title 'Chapter 4: Methodology for Ontology Engineering'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; frbr:partOf :my-book ; dcterms:description 'A specific chapter focused on engineering methodologies within a scholarly handbook.'@en .
term status

book review
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BookReview

comment
A written review and critical analysis of the content, scope and quality of a book or other monographic work.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
book review
en
term status
example
:my-book-review a fabio:BookReview ; dcterms:title 'A Critical Analysis of Darwin's Evolutionary Theory'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:subject :origin-of-species ; dcterms:description 'A detailed scholarly review and critical analysis of the arguments presented in 'On the Origin of Species'.'@en .

book series
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BookSeries

comment
A sequence of books having certain characteristics in common that are formally identified together as a group.
en
is disjoint with
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
book series
en
note
Examples include the books in the Law, Governance and Technology Series published by Springer.
en
example
:my-book-series a fabio:BookSeries ; dcterms:title 'Lecture Notes in Computer Science'@en ; prism:issn '0302-9743' ; frbr:part :my-book, :my-another-book ; dcterms:description 'A theoretical and professional book series focused on computer science research and development.'@en .
term status

book set
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BookSet

comment
A set of books having certain characteristics in common that informally allow their identification together as a group - for instance, the books of The Lord of the Rings saga.
en
is disjoint with
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
book set
en
example
:my-book-set a fabio:BookSet ; dcterms:title 'The Lord of the Rings (Boxed Set)'@en ; frbr:part :my-book, :my-another-book, :my-even-another-book ; dcterms:description 'A finite collection of books published together as a single unit or boxed set.'@en .
term status

brief report
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/BriefReport

comment
A brief report document. This term may also be used synonymously with Rapid Communication to mean 'A short rapidly published research article or conference paper, typically reporting significant research results that have been recently discovered, or a brief news item reporting such discoveries.'
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
brief report
en
term status
example
:my-brief-report a fabio:BriefReport ; dcterms:title 'Preliminary Observations on the New Omicron Subvariant'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A short report providing early data and rapid updates on ongoing clinical observations.'@en ; dcterms:subject <http://purl.uniprot.org/keywords/949> .

call for applications
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/CallForApplications

comment
A document published by a funding agency requesting submission of applications for financial grants to fund projects, for example to enable research investigations in areas specified in the call.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
call for applications
example
:my-call-for-applications a fabio:CallForApplications ; dcterms:title 'ERC Starting Grants 2026 Call'@en ; fabio:hasDeadline '2025-10-15T17:00:00Z'^^xsd:dateTime ; frbr:realizationOf :my-proposition ; dcterms:description 'Formal request for research proposals from early-career scientists to provide long-term funding.'@en .
term status

case for support
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/CaseForSupport

comment
A part of a grant application that provides a description of a proposed project and gives reasons why it is worthy of funding.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
case for support
en
term status
example
:my-case-for-support a fabio:CaseForSupport ; dcterms:title 'Scientific Rationale for Neural Network Optimization Project'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; frbr:realization :my-case-for-support-document ; dcterms:description 'The conceptual work providing the intellectual justification and research plan for a grant application.'@en .

case for support document
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/CaseForSupportDocument

comment
A document containing the case for support for a particular project, usually contained within a grant application document but sometimes distributed separately, without the financial and organizational information that the grant application document also contains.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
case for support document
en
example
:my-case-for-support-document a fabio:CaseForSupportDocument ; dcterms:title 'Case for Support: Neural Network Optimization Project'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-case-for-support ; frbr:embodiment :my-digital-manifestation ; dcterms:language <http://lexvo.org/id/iso639-3/eng> .
term status

case report
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/CaseReport

comment
A report about a particular case or situation.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
case report
en
example
:my-case-report a fabio:CaseReport ; dcterms:title 'Rare neurological manifestations in a 45-year-old patient'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:subject <http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D009422> ; dcterms:description 'A detailed report of the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of an individual clinical case.'@en .
term status

catalog
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Catalog

comment
A list of items describing the content of a resource, for example items in an exhibition, items offered for sale by a vendor, or entities contained within a library or collection. Ideally, catalogs are created according to specific and uniform principles of construction and are under the control of an authority file.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
catalog
en
term status
example
:my-catalog a fabio:Catalog ; dcterms:title 'Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) - University Library'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A systematic list of items, such as books or manuscripts, arranged in a specific order to facilitate discovery.'@en .

chapter
c

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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Chapter

comment
A defined document section, forming part of or intended for inclusion within a larger document, usually with its own title or chapter number. Different chapters within a document such as a book or a report may each be independently authored, or may all be authored by a single individual or group of authors.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
chapter
en
example
:my-chapter a fabio:Chapter ; dcterms:title 'Introduction to SPARQL Query Language'@en ; frbr:partOf :my-book ; fabio:hasSequenceIdentifier '1' ; dcterms:description 'The introductory chapter of a technical handbook.'@en .
term status

citation metadata
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IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/CitationMetadata

comment
Metadata describing the citations made within a work to other works, and (optionally) some characteristics of the expressions of the cited works.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
citation metadata
en
term status
example
:my-citation-metadata a fabio:CitationMetadata ; dcterms:title 'Citation data for 'On the Origin of Species''@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A collection of metadata specifically focused on the references and citations made by or to a particular work.'@en .

clinical case report
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ClinicalCaseReport

comment
A presentation of findings following a clinical or medical investigation on a human or animal patient, that may contain a diagnosis and proposals for therapeutic treatment and/or epidemiological control measures, or may propose further evaluative studies that will eventually lead to such outcomes.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
clinical case report
en
term status
example
:my-clinical-case-report a fabio:ClinicalCaseReport ; dcterms:title 'Clinical management of severe respiratory distress in a pediatric patient'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:subject <http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D000086382> ; dcterms:description 'A detailed clinical report covering diagnosis, therapeutic interventions, and outcome of a specific patient.'@en .

clinical guideline
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ClinicalGuideline

comment
A recommendation on the appropriate treatment and care of people with a specific disease or condition, based on the best available evidence, designed to help healthcare professionals in their work.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
clinical guideline
en
term status
example
:my-clinical-guideline a fabio:ClinicalGuideline ; dcterms:title 'International Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:subject <http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D006973> ; dcterms:description 'Systematically developed statements to assist practitioner and patient decisions about appropriate health care for specific clinical circumstances.'@en .

clinical trial design
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ClinicalTrialDesign

comment
A predefined written procedural method, designed to ensure reliability of findings, for undertaking a medical or veterinary clinical study of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic or prophylactic drugs or treatments, or of devices or techniques, involving a randomized controlled trial for evidence-based assessment in humans or animals, specifying criteria of eligibility, nature of controls, sampling schedules, data collection parameters, statistical analyses, reporting standards, etc. to be employed in undertaking the clinical trial.
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
clinical trial design
en
term status
example
:my-clinical-trial-design a fabio:ClinicalTrialDesign ; dcterms:title 'Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Phase III Study Design'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'The conceptual framework and methodological plan for conducting a specific clinical trial.'@en .

clinical trial report
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ClinicalTrialReport

comment
The report of a pre-planned medical or veterinary clinical study of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic or prophylactic drugs, or of devices, treatments or techniques, involving a randomized controlled trial for evidence-based assessment in humans or animals selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for evidence of favourable and unfavourable effects.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
clinical trial report
en
term status
example
:my-clinical-trial-report a fabio:ClinicalTrialReport ; dcterms:title 'Final Report on Phase III Efficacy of mRNA-1273 Vaccine'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A comprehensive document reporting the methodology, data, and clinical outcomes of a completed clinical trial.'@en .

collected works
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/CollectedWorks

comment
A collection of the literary or scholastic works of a single person.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
collected works
en
example
:my-collected-works a fabio:CollectedWorks ; dcterms:title 'Luigi Pirandello's works'@en ; frbr:part :my-artistic-work, :my-another-artistic-work ; dcterms:description 'The complete intellectual output of Luigi Pirandello, gathered as a single conceptual collection.'@en .
term status

comment
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Comment

comment
A verbal or written remark concerning some entity. In written form, a comment is often appended to that entity and termed an annotation. Within computer programs or ontologies, comments are added to enhance human understanding, and are usually prefaced by a special syntactic symbol that ensures they are ignored during execution of the program.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
comment
en
term status
example
:my-comment a fabio:Comment ; dcterms:title 'Clarification on the methodology section'@en ; dcterms:description 'A brief note or remark providing clarification or personal opinion on a specific part of a document.'@en .

complete works
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/CompleteWorks

comment
A collection of all the literary or scholastic works of a single person.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
complete works
en
example
:my-complete-works a fabio:CompleteWorks ; dcterms:title 'Dante Alighieri: the complete works'@en ; frbr:part :my-work, :my-another-work, :my-even-another-work ; dcterms:description 'The complete set of all the intellectual works of Dante Alighieri, published as a comprehensive collection.'@en .
term status

computer application
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ComputerApplication

comment
A computer program designed to assist a human user to perform one or more goal-oriented tasks such as word processing or image processing.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
computer application
en
example
:my-computer-application a fabio:ComputerApplication ; dcterms:title 'OpenRefine'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; frbr:realizationOf :my-software ; dcterms:description 'A powerful tool for working with messy data: cleaning it; transforming it from one format into another; and extending it with web services and external data.'@en .
note
A computer application will typically save its output files in one or more specific formats, conforming either to proprietary or open standards.
en
term status

computer file
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ComputerFile

comment
A digital item containing information in computer-readable form encoded in a particular format.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
computer file
en
example
:my-computer-file a fabio:ComputerFile ; dcterms:title 'research_data_results_2026'@en ; dcterms:description 'An exemplar of a digital manifestation, stored as a discrete file on a computer system.'@en .
term status

computer program
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ComputerProgram

comment
A unit of computer code in source or compiled form, employing one or more algorithms to be executed by a digital computer to undertake a particular task. Computer programs are collectively called 'software' to distinguish them from the equipment ('hardware') upon which they run.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
computer program
en
term status
example
:my-computer-program a fabio:ComputerProgram ; dcterms:title 'Statistical Analysis Script in Python'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; frbr:realizationOf :my-software ; dcterms:language <http://purl.org/NET/marccodes/languages/python> ; dcterms:description 'A set of instructions written in Python to automate data cleaning and visualization.'@en .

concept
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept

comment
An idea or notion; a unit of thought.
en
is disjoint with
is defined by
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
is in domain of
is in range of
label
concept
en
example
:my-concept a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel 'Semantic Web'@en ; skos:definition 'An extension of the World Wide Web that enables computers to interpret the meaning of data.'@en ; skos:inScheme :my-concept-scheme .
rationale
The notion of a SKOS concept is useful when describing the conceptual or intellectual structure of a knowledge organization system, and when referring to specific ideas or meanings established within a KOS.
en
term status
note
Note that, because SKOS is designed to be a vehicle for representing semi-formal KOS, such as thesauri and classification schemes, a certain amount of flexibility has been built in to the formal definition of this class.
en

concept scheme
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#ConceptScheme

comment
A SKOS concept scheme can be viewed as an aggregation of one or more SKOS concepts.
en
is disjoint with
is defined by
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
is in domain of
is in range of
label
concept scheme
en
note
Semantic relationships (links) between those concepts may also be viewed as part of a concept scheme. This definition is, however, meant to be suggestive rather than restrictive, and there is some flexibility in the formal data model.
en
term status
example
:my-concept-scheme a skos:ConceptScheme ; dcterms:title 'Semantic Web Technologies'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; skos:hasTopConcept :semantic-web ; dcterms:description 'An organized set of concepts.'@en .
rationale
The notion of a concept scheme is useful when dealing with data from an unknown source, and when dealing with data that describes two or more different knowledge organization systems.
en

conference paper
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ConferencePaper

comment
A paper, typically the realization of a research paper reporting original research findings, usually published within a conference proceedings volume.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
conference paper
en
example
:my-conference-paper a fabio:ConferencePaper ; dcterms:title 'Advancements in Neural Symbolic Integration' ; frbr:partOf :my-conference-proceedings ; dcterms:description 'A paper presented at a conference and subsequently published in the conference proceedings.'@en .
term status

conference poster
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ConferencePoster

comment
A display poster, typically containing text with illustrative figures and/or tables, usually reporting research results or proposing hypotheses, submitted for acceptance to and/or presented at a conference, seminar, symposium, workshop or similar event.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
conference poster
en
example
:my-conference-poster a fabio:ConferencePoster ; dcterms:title 'Visualizing Neural-Symbolic Integration: A Case Study'@en ; dcterms:description 'A large printed or digital sheet presenting research data and findings at a conference poster session.'@en .
term status

conference proceedings
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ConferenceProceedings

comment
A document containing the programme and collected conference papers, or their abstracts, presented at a conference, seminar, symposium or similar event.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
conference proceedings
en
term status
example
:my-conference-proceedings a fabio:ConferenceProceedings ; dcterms:title 'Proceedings of the 25th International Semantic Web Conference'@en ; frbr:part :my-conference-paper, :my-another-conference-paper ; dcterms:description 'The formal record of a conference, containing the collection of papers and abstracts presented.'@en .

controlled vocabulary
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ControlledVocabulary

comment
A collection of selected words and phrases related to a particular domain of knowledge used to permit consistency of metadata annotation and improved retrieval following a search, in which homonyms, synonyms and similar ambiguities of meaning present in natural language are disambiguated.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
controlled vocabulary
en
term status
example
:my-controlled-vocabulary a fabio:ControlledVocabulary ; dcterms:title 'Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A predefined list of terms used for indexing, cataloging, and searching to ensure consistency.'@en .

correction
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Correction

comment
A correction to an error in a previously published document.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
correction
en
example
:my-correction a fabio:Correction ; dcterms:title 'Correction to: Analysis of Climate Data Trends (2024)'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A formal statement identifying and correcting errors in a previously published document.'@en .
term status

corrigendum
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Corrigendum

comment
A formal correction to an error introduced by the author into a previously published document.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
corrigendum
en
example
:my-corrigendum a fabio:Corrigendum ; dcterms:title 'Corrigendum to: 'New Insights into Quantum Gravity''@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A notification of errors made by the authors in the original publication, issued as a formal correction.'@en .
term status

cover
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Cover

comment
A protective covering used to bind together the pages of a document or the first, informative, page of a digital document.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
cover
en
term status
example
:my-cover a fabio:Cover ; dcterms:title 'Front Cover of Nature, Volume 600'@en ; dcterms:description 'The outer protective layer of a publication, often containing the title, author, and illustrative artwork.'@en .

critical edition
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/CriticalEdition

comment
A new edition of a historical publication, edited by a scholar other than the original author, containing within the body text the supposedly best version of the original work, with footnotes detailing and commenting on textual variations between different versions, typically with an introduction to the original work written by the scholar, and with a bibliography listing related publications.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
critical edition
en
term status
example
:my-critical-edition a fabio:CriticalEdition ; dcterms:title 'The Divine Comedy according to the antica vulgata (ed. Giorgio Petrocchi)'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A scholarly edition of a text that includes an apparatus criticus, based on the analytical study of variant readings in different manuscripts.'@en .

data file
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DataFile

comment
A realisation of a fabio:Dataset (a frbr:Work) containing a defined collection of data with specific content and possibly with a specific version number, that can be embodied as a fabio:DigitalManifestation (a frbr:Manifestation with a specific format) and be represented by a specific fabio:ComputerFile (a frbr:Item) on someone's hard drive.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
data file
en
example
:my-data-file a fabio:DataFile ; dcterms:title 'Raw Survey Data on Urban Mobility'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-dataset ; dcterms:description 'A computer file containing structured or unstructured data, intended for processing by computer applications.'@en .
term status

data management plan
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DataManagementPlan

comment
A structured document giving information about how data arising from a research project or other endeavour is to be manages, preserved and shared.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
data management plan
en
term status
example
:my-data-management-plan a fabio:DataManagementPlan ; dcterms:title 'Data Management Plan for Project OpenScience'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; frbr:realizationOf :my-proposition ; dcterms:description 'A formal document outlining how data will be handled during and after a research project.'@en .

data management policy
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DataManagementPolicy

comment
A policy that describes and defines how data should be managed, preserved and shared.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
data management policy
en
term status
example
:my-data-management-policy a fabio:DataManagementPolicy ; dcterms:title 'Institutional Policy on Research Data Management'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A policy specifically addressing the principles and requirements for managing, storing, and sharing research data.'@en .

data management policy document
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DataManagementPolicyDocument

comment
A document embodying a policy that describes and defines how data should be managed, preserved and shared.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
data management policy document
en
example
:my-data-management-policy-document a fabio:DataManagementPolicyDocument ; dcterms:title 'Official Research Data Policy Document'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-data-management-policy ; dcterms:description 'A physical or digital document that contains the text of a data management policy.'@en .
term status

data repository
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DataRepository

comment
A repository for storing data.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
data repository
en
example
:my-data-repository a fabio:DataRepository ; dcterms:title 'Zenodo'@en ; dcterms:description 'A multi-disciplinary shared research data repository, helping researchers receive credit for making their research results available.'@en .
term status

database
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Database

comment
A structured collection of logically related records or data usually stored and retrieved using computer-based means.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
database
en
example
:my-database a fabio:Database ; dcterms:title 'GenBank'@en ; dcterms:description 'A comprehensive database that contains publicly available nucleotide sequences for more than 300,000 named organisms.'@en .
term status

database management system
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DatabaseManagementSystem

comment
A software, commonly abbreviated as 'DBMS', used to create a database.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
database management system
en
term status
example
:my-database-management-system a fabio:DatabaseManagementSystem ; dcterms:title 'PostgreSQL 16.0'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-software ; dcterms:description 'A powerful, open source object-relational database system used to create, manage, and query databases.'@en .

dataset
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Dataset

comment
A collection of related facts, often expressed in numerical form and encoded in a defined structure.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
dataset
en
term status
example
:my-dataset a fabio:Dataset ; dcterms:title 'Global Temperature Anomalies Dataset 2026'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A collection of related data records, with a specific focus on monthly temperature variations recorded globally.'@en .

definitive version
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DefinitiveVersion

comment
The final published expression of a work that bears the publisher's imprimatur.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
definitive version
en
note
Typically for a journal article, the Definitive Version results from revision of an earlier submitted version of the work following peer review, and is then published in print and/or digital form after the publisher has assigned it a DOI. The Definitive Version is also known as the Version of Record, although according to the CrossRef Glossary (http://crossref.org/02publishers/glossary.html) that term can also refer to the author's final version of a work that is not formally published.
en
term status
example
:my-definitive-version a fabio:DefinitiveVersion ; dcterms:title 'The Role of AI in Modern Medicine - Final Version'@en ; dcterms:description 'The final version of an expression as it was published or released, incorporating all corrections and peer review changes.'@en .

deliverable
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ProjectReportDocument

comment
A document containing a project report, intended to be delivered to a customer or funding agency describing the results achieved within a specific project.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
deliverable
en
term status
example
:my-project-report-document a fabio:ProjectReportDocument ; dcterms:title 'Project X final report'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-project-report ; dcterms:description 'A document containing a report on the progress, results or status of a project.'@en .

deliverable report
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ProjectReport

comment
A report describing the outcomes of specific project, typically listing 'deliverables' created or 'milestones' achieved during the project.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
deliverable report
en
example
:my-project-report a fabio:ProjectReport ; dcterms:title 'Report on first semester 2026'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A report on the progress, results or status of a project.'@en .
term status

demo paper
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DemoPaper

comment
A demonstration paper, typically describing a new product, service or system created as a result of research, usually presented during a conference or workshop.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
demo paper
en
example
:my-demo-paper a fabio:DemoPaper ; dcterms:title 'Visualizing Knowledge Graphs: A Real-time Interactive Tool'@en ; dcterms:description 'A short paper describing a practical demonstration of a system, software tool, or technology presented at a conference.'@en .
term status

diary
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Diary

comment
A personal record, in a form of book, with discrete entries (often handwritten) arranged by date, reporting what has happened over the course of a day or other period of time.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
diary
en
term status
example
:my-diary a fabio:Diary ; dcterms:title 'John's personal diary'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; frbr:part :my-entry ; dcterms:description 'A record of personal experiences, thoughts, and daily events, kept regularly by an individual.'@en .

digital item
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DigitalItem

comment
A digital object, such as a computer file.
en
is disjoint with
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
digital item
en
example
:my-digital-item a fabio:DigitalItem ; frbr:exemplarOf :my-digital-manifestation ; fabio:hasURL 'https://example.org/download/paper.epub' ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:floppy-disk .
note
A digital item is an exemplar of a digital manifestation only and it is always stored in a storage medium suitable for digital objects, such as CDs, DVDs, HDs and the Web.
en
term status

digital manifestation
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DigitalManifestation

comment
A manifestation that represents data in binary form, encoding the data as a series of 0s and 1s.
en
is disjoint with
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
digital manifestation
en
example
:my-digital-manifestation a fabio:DigitalManifestation ; dcterms:publisher :my-publisher ; frbr:exemplar :my-digital-item ; dcterms:format application:epub ; prism:publicationDate '2007-05-31'^^xsd:date .
term status

digital storage medium
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DigitalStorageMedium

comment
A means of storing information in digital form, involving binary encoding of data in 0s and 1s, e.g. a computer random access memory, hard disc, USB stick, CD, DVD or digital magnetic tape.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
digital storage medium
en
term status
example
fabio:floppy-disk a fabio:DigitalStorageMedium .

directory
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Directory

comment
A database of information which is heavily optimized for reading.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
directory
en
term status
example
:my-directory a fabio:Directory ; dcterms:title 'University Research Staff Directory 2026'@en ; dcterms:description 'A systematic list of names, addresses, and other data of persons or organizations.'@en .

discipline dictionary
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DisciplineDictionary

comment
A discipline dictionary is a collection of subject disciplines.
en
is disjoint with
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
discipline dictionary
en
term status
example
:my-discipline-dictionary a fabio:DisciplineDictionary ; dcterms:title 'Dictionary of Clinical Medicine'@en ; dcterms:creator :medical-society ; fabio:isSchemeOf <http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D008511> ; dcterms:description 'A dictionary containing the specialized vocabulary and terminology used in the field of medicine.'@en .

doctoral thesis
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DoctoralThesis

comment
A thesis reporting the research undertaken during a period of graduate study leading to a doctoral degree.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
doctoral thesis
en
term status
example
:my-doctoral-thesis a fabio:DoctoralThesis ; dcterms:title 'Scalable Error Correction in Quantum Computing Architecture'@en ; dcterms:description 'A thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.'@en .

document repository
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DocumentRepository

comment
A repository for storing documents.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
document repository
en
example
:my-document-repository a fabio:DocumentRepository ; dcterms:title 'Institutional Open Access Repository'@en ; dcterms:description 'A digital platform designed to collect, preserve, and disseminate the intellectual output of an institution or a specific community.'@en .
term status

dust jacket
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/DustJacket

comment
A detachable outer cover, usually made of paper and printed with text and illustrations. This outer cover has folded flaps that hold it to the cover of a document.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
dust jacket
en
example
:my-dust-jacket a fabio:DustJacket ; dcterms:title 'Dust jacket for The Hobbit, First Edition'@en ; dcterms:creator :j-r-r-tolkien ; dcterms:description 'The detachable outer paper cover of a book, often with decorative illustrations and a summary of the work.'@en .
term status

e-mail
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Email

comment
A message transmitted over the internet as an item of electronic mail, typically based on the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). Emails can have computer files containing documents, dataset and images attached to them or embedded within them.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
e-mail
en
term status
example
:my-email a fabio:Email ; dcterms:title 'Update on laboratory results - Feb 2026'@en ; dcterms:description 'A message distributed by electronic means from one computer user to one or more recipients via a network.'@en .

editorial
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Editorial

comment
The realization of an opinion written by an editor.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
editorial
en
term status
example
:my-editorial a fabio:Editorial ; dcterms:title 'The Future of Open Science in 2026'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-opinion ; dcterms:description 'An article expressing the opinion or policy of the editors or publishers of a publication.'@en .

endeavour
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Endeavour

comment
The set of different aspects of user interests in the products of intellectual or artistic artifact.
en
example
:my-resource a frbr:Endeavour .

entity metadata
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/EntityMetadata

comment
Metadata describing the work itself, including for example the name of the creator(s), the title of the work, and the date and place of its creation.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
entity metadata
en
example
:my-entity-metadata a fabio:EntityMetadata ; dcterms:title 'Metadata for Article 123'@en ; dcterms:description 'A set of data that describes and gives information about a resource, such as its creator, date, and subject.'@en .
term status

entry
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Entry

comment
An item written or printed in a diary, list, account book, reference book, or database.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
entry
en
example
:my-entry a fabio:Entry ; dcterms:title 'Entry for 'Semantic Web''@en ; dcterms:description 'A self-contained section of a reference work, such as a dictionary, encyclopedia, or index.'@en .
term status

erratum
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Erratum

comment
A formal correction to an error introduced by the publisher into a previously published document.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
erratum
en
example
:my-erraturm a fabio:Erratum ; dcterms:title 'Erratum to: Quantum Computing Efficiency (Vol 12, 2025)'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A published correction of a significant error in a previously published work.'@en .
term status

essay
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Essay

comment
A piece of non-fiction writing on a particular subject, usually of moderate length and without chapters.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
essay
en
term status
example
:my-essay a fabio:Essay ; dcterms:title 'A Modern Reflection on Digital Ethics'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A short literary composition on a particular theme or subject, usually in prose and generally analytical, speculative, or interpretative.'@en .

examination paper
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ExaminationPaper

comment
A set of questions on a particular topic designed to test the academic, professional or technical ability of the person taking the examination, with achievement of a pass grade in the examination typically being a prerequisite for the award of an educational award such as a degree, or of a professional or technical qualification.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
examination paper
en
term status
example
:my-examination-paper a fabio:ExaminationPaper ; dcterms:title 'Final Exam: Ontology Engineering and Semantic Web'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A formal document containing a set of questions or exercises used to evaluate a student's knowledge or skills in a specific subject.'@en .

excerpt
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Excerpt

comment
A segment or passage selected from a larger expression for use in another expression, usually with specific attribution to its original source.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
excerpt
en
see also
term status
example
:my-excerpt a fabio:Excerpt ; dcterms:title 'Excerpt from Chapter 1: The Beginning'@en ; frbr:partOf :my-book ; dcterms:description 'A short extract from a film, broadcast, or piece of music or writing.'@en .
note
An excerpt is more general than a quotation, and is generally used to indicate a re-published extract from a book, instruction manual, film, radio programme, etc, that need not be what someone said. For example: Oxford 01865 Oxshott 01372 Oxted 01883 Oxton 01578 is an excerpt from the UK Dialling Codes section of the Oxford Telephone Directory. Similarly, the following concluding passage from William Wordsworth's poem Lines written a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey is an excerpt rather than a quotation: Nor wilt thou then forget, That after many wanderings, many years Of absence, these steep woods and lofty cliffs, And this green pastoral landscape, were to me More dear, both for themselves and for thy sake. Note: Use fabio:Excerpt to indicate a segment or passage selected from another expression that is not a passage of speech, and fabio:Quotation to indicate a segment or passage selected from another expression that is a passage of speech.
en

executive summary
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ExecutiveSummary

comment
An executive summary is a brief report summarizing a longer formal report, designed to present the key points, conclusions and recommendations arising from the study being reported, for readers too busy to take the time to read the complete report.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
executive summary
en
example
:my-executive-summary a fabio:ExecutiveSummary ; dcterms:title 'Executive Summary: Annual Research Impact 2025'@en ; dcterms:description 'A short section of a document that summarizes a longer report or proposal in such a way that readers can rapidly become acquainted with a large body of material.'@en .
term status

experimental protocol
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ExperimentalProtocol

comment
A predefined written procedural method, designed to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same or other laboratories, that describes the overall objectives, organization and implementation of a scientific experiment, and specifies the experimental design, experimental methods, reagents, instrumentation, sampling schedules, data collection parameters, statistical analyses, image processing procedures, safety precautions, reporting standards, etc. employed in undertaking the experiment.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
experimental protocol
en
example
:my-experimental-protocol a fabio:ExperimentalProtocol ; dcterms:title 'Standard Protocol for PCR Optimization v4'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A detailed plan of a scientific experiment or medical treatment, outlining the precise steps to be followed.'@en .
term status

expression
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Expression

comment
A subclass of FRBR Expression, restricted to expressions of `fabio:Work`.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
expression
en
note
For your latest research paper, the preprint submitted to the publisher, and the final published version to which the publisher assigned a unique digital object identifier, are both expressions of the same work. A `fabio:Expression` can only have part or be part of another `fabio:Expression`. Moreover, it can be a representation only of a `fabio:Work`, and it can be embodied only in instances of `fabio:Manifestation`.
en
term status
example
:my-expression a fabio:Expression ; dcterms:title 'Towards a new Semantic Web'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-work ; frbr:embodiment :my-digital-manifestation ; dcterms:description 'The intellectual content of a work.'@en .

expression
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Expression

comment
The intellectual or artistic realization of a work in the form of alpha-numeric, musical, or choreographic notation, sound, image, object, movement, etc., or any combination of such forms. An expression is the specific intellectual or artistic form that a work takes each time it is 'realized'. Expression encompasses, for example, the specific words, sentences, paragraphs, etc. that result from the realization of a work in the form of a text, or the particular sounds, phrasing, etc. resulting from the realization of a musical work.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#
label
expression
en

expression collection
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ExpressionCollection

comment
A collection of expressions, for example a periodical or a book series.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
expression collection
en
term status
example
:my-expression-collection a fabio:ExpressionCollection ; dcterms:title 'Collected Papers on Biotechnology 2020-2025'@en ; frbr:part :my-research-paper, :my-dataset ; dcterms:description 'A collection of expressions, such as a book series or a thematic set of research articles.'@en .

figure
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Figure

comment
A visual communication object comprising one or more still images on a related theme. If included within a publication, a figure is typically unaligned with the main body of text, having its own descriptive textual figure legend.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
figure
en
term status
example
:my-figure a fabio:Figure ; dcterms:title 'Figure 1: Annual Population Growth'@en ; frbr:partOf :my-research-paper ; frbr:realizationOf :my-still-image ; dcterms:description 'A visual representation of information, such as a drawing, painting, photograph, or diagram, used to illustrate or explain a point.'@en .

film
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Film

comment
A movie with an accompanying soundtrack, typically created by a professional film studio, designed to communicate a fictional story, record an artistic event, or impart information that is scientific or documentary in nature.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
film
en
term status
example
:my-film a fabio:Film ; dcterms:title 'Interstellar'@en ; dcterms:creator :christopher-nolan ; frbr:realizationOf :my-moving-image ; dcterms:description 'A motion picture or movie, consisting of a sequence of images that give the illusion of continuous movement.'@en .

folksonomy
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Folksonomy

comment
A system of classification derived from the practice and method of collaboratively creating and managing tags to annotate and categorize content in a particular domain.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
folksonomy
en
example
:my-folksonomy a fabio:Folksonomy ; dcterms:title 'User-generated tags for Nature Photography'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A system of classification derived from the practice of collaboratively creating and managing tags to annotate and categorize content.'@en .
term status

Gantt chart
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/GanttChart

comment
A horizontal bar chart used to guide project planning, execution and control, illustrating the project schedule, with a separate line indicating the start and end dates of each of the key project activities or workpackages, and optionally showing the dependencies between these items. A Gantt chart is typically part of a project plan.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
Gantt chart
en
term status
example
:my-gantt-chart a fabio:GanttChart ; dcterms:title 'Gantt Chart for Research Project 2026'@en ; dcterms:description 'A chart in which a series of horizontal lines shows the amount of work done or production completed in certain periods of time in relation to the amount planned for those periods.'@en .

grant application
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/GrantApplication

comment
A formal written request for financial support from a grant-giving body in support of a project, for example an academic research project.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
grant application
en
term status
example
:my-grant-application a fabio:GrantApplication ; dcterms:title 'Advanced AI for Climate Resilience Proposal'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; frbr:realization :my-grant-application-document ; dcterms:description 'A formal request for financial assistance to support a specific research project or initiative.'@en .

grant application document
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/GrantApplicationDocument

comment
The realization of a grant application, usually containing a case for support document.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
grant application document
en
term status
example
:my-grant-application-document a fabio:GrantApplicationDocument ; dcterms:title 'Project Proposal: Neural Networks for Climate v1.0'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-grant-application ; dcterms:description 'A document representing a grant application, such as a PDF or a printed form.'@en .

hardback
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Hardback

comment
A print object bound with rigid protective covers (typically of cardboard covered with cloth, heavy paper, or sometimes leather).
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
hardback
en
term status
example
:my-hardback a fabio:Hardback ; dcterms:title 'The Divine Comedy'@en ; frbr:embodimentOf :my-book ; dcterms:publisher :my-publisher ; dcterms:description 'A book bound with rigid protective covers, typically covered with cloth, heavy paper, or leather.'@en .

image
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Image

comment
A visual representation other than text, including all types of moving image and still image.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
image
en
term status
example
:my-image a fabio:Image ; dcterms:title 'Sunset'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A visual representation other than text, such as a photograph, painting, or drawing.'@en .

in brief
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/InBrief

comment
An 'In Brief' is a journal or magazine news item that describes all the articles (or all the important articles) in that issue of the periodical. The content of an 'In Brief' may be constructed from the abstracts of the articles it highlights, but is more likely to be written by a member of the periodical staff especially for the issue.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
in brief
en
example
:my-in-brief a fabio:InBrief ; dcterms:title 'Science In Brief - March 2026'@en ; dcterms:description 'A short summary or a collection of brief news items or notes.'@en .
term status

in-use paper
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/InUsePaper

comment
A scholarly work that describes applied and validated solutions such as software tools, systems or architectures that benefit from the use of the technology of a particular scholarly domain. Usually, papers of this kind should also provide convincing evidence that there is use of the proposed application or tool by the target user group, preferably outside the institution that conducted its development.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
in-use paper
en
example
:my-in-use-paper a fabio:InUsePaper ; dcterms:title 'Implementing Semantic Web Technologies in Healthcare Systems'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A paper describing the practical application or implementation of a particular technology, tool, or method in a real-world setting.'@en .
term status

index
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Index

comment
An alphabetically-ordered list of words and phrases ('headings') and associated pointers ('locators') to where useful material relating to that heading can be found in a document.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
index
en
term status
example
:my-index a fabio:Index ; dcterms:title 'Analytical Index of 'Semantic Web Primer''@en ; frbr:partOf :my-book ; dcterms:description 'An alphabetical list of names, subjects, etc., with references to the places where they occur in a document.'@en .

instruction manual
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/InstructionManual

comment
An instructional document typically supplied with a technologically advanced consumer product, such as a car or a computer application, or with an item of complex equipment such as a microscope.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
instruction manual
en
term status
example
:my-instruction-manual a fabio:InstructionManual ; dcterms:title 'User Manual for Digital Camera Model X100'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-instructional-work ; dcterms:description 'A document providing detailed information on how to use, install, or maintain a particular product or system.'@en .

instructional work
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/InstructionalWork

comment
A work created for the purpose of education or instruction, that may be expressed as a text book, a lecture, a tutorial or an instruction manual.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
instructional work
en
example
:my-instructional-work a fabio:InstructionalWork ; dcterms:title 'User Manual for Digital Camera Model X100'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; frbr:realization :my-instruction-manual ; dcterms:description 'A work whose primary purpose is to provide instruction or training in a particular subject or skill.'@en .
term status

item
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Item

comment
A subclass of FRBR Item, restricted to exemplars of `fabio:Manifestation`.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is in range of
is sub concept of
label
item
en
note
A `fabio:Item` can only have part or be part of another `fabio:Item`. Moreover, it can be an exemplar only of a `fabio:Manifestation`. An example of a `fabio:Item` is a printed copy of a journal article on your desk, or a PDF file of that article that you purchased from a publisher and that now resides in digital form on your computer hard drive.
en
example
:my-item a fabio:Item ; dcterms:title 'article_456.pdf'@en ; frbr:exemplarOf :my-manifestation ; dcterms:description 'A singular, localized exemplar of a manifestation.'@en .
term status

item
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Item

comment
A single exemplar of a manifestation. The entity defined as item is a concrete entity. It is in many instances a single physical object (e.g., a copy of a one-volume monograph, a single audio cassette, etc.). There are instances, however, where the entity defined as item comprises more than one physical object (e.g., a monograph issued as two separately bound volumes, a recording issued on three separate compact discs, etc.).
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#
label
item
en

item collection
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ItemCollection

comment
A collection of items.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
item collection
en
term status
example
:my-item-collection a fabio:ItemCollection ; dcterms:title 'Collection of historical items'@en ; frbr:part :my-item, :my-another-item ; dcterms:description 'A collection of items, such as a physical library collection or a set of digital files.'@en .

journal
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Journal

comment
A scholarly periodical primarily devoted to the publication of original research papers.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
journal
en
example
:my-journal a fabio:Journal ; dcterms:title 'Journal of Semantic Web Research'@en ; frbr:part :my-journal-issue , :my-journal-volume ; dcterms:description 'A scholarly periodical maintaining high standards of research and typically published at regular intervals.'@en .
note
Printed and electronic manifestations of the same journal are usually identified by separate print and electronic International Standard Serial Numbers (ISSN or eISSN, respectively), that identifies the journal as a whole, not to individual issues of it.
en
term status

journal article
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/JournalArticle

comment
An article, typically the realization of a research paper reporting original research findings, published in a journal issue.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
journal article
en
term status
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; dcterms:title 'OPJK and DILIGENT: ontology modeling in a distributed environment' ; prism:doi '10.1007/s10506-007-9036-2' ; frbr:embodiment :my-analog-manifestation , :my-digital-manifestation ; frbr:partOf :my-journal-issue .

journal editorial
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/JournalEditorial

comment
An editorial published in an issue of a journal.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
journal editorial
en
example
:my-journal-editorial a fabio:JournalEditorial ; dcterms:title 'The Future of Open Access in 2026'@en ; frbr:partOf :my-journal-issue ; dcterms:description 'An article in a journal or other periodical that presents the opinion of the editor, publisher, or editorial board.'@en .
term status

journal issue
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/JournalIssue

comment
A particular published issue of a journal, one or more of which will constitute a volume of the journal.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
journal issue
en
term status
example
:my-journal-issue a fabio:JournalIssue ; dcterms:title 'Journal of Semantic Web, Volume 1, Issue 1'@en ; frbr:partOf :my-journal-volume ; dcterms:description 'A particular issue of a journal or other periodical.'@en .

journal news item
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/JournalNewsItem

comment
A news report published in a journal issue.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
journal news item
en
example
:my-algorithm a fabio:Algorithm ; dcterms:title 'Distance Calculator'@en ; dcterms:description 'Algorithm for calculating the distance between to geo locations.'@en .
term status

journal volume
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/JournalVolume

comment
A particular published volume of a journal, comprising one or more journal issues.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
journal volume
en
example
:my-journal-volume a fabio:JournalVolume ; dcterms:title 'Journal of Semantic Web Research, Volume 1'@en ; frbr:partOf :my-journal ; dcterms:description 'A particular volume of a journal or other periodical, usually collecting all issues published within a single year.'@en .
term status

laboratory notebook
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/LaboratoryNotebook

comment
A notebook used by an individual research scientist as the primary record of his or her research activities. A researcher may use a laboratory notebook to document hypotheses, to describe experiments and to record data in various formats, to provide details of data analysis and interpretation, or to record the validation or invalidation of the original hypotheses. The laboratory notebook serves as an organizational tool and a memory aid. It may also have a role in recording and protecting any intellectual property created during the research, and may be used in evidence when establishing priority of discoveries, for example in patent applications. Electronic versions of laboratory notebooks are increasingly being employed by researchers, particularly in chemistry and the pharmaceutical industry.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
laboratory notebook
en
example
:my-laboratory-notebook a fabio:LaboratoryNotebook ; dcterms:title 'Laboratory Notebook: Protein Folding Project 2026'@en ; dcterms:description 'A primary record of research, containing detailed notes on hypotheses, experiments, and initial analysis.'@en .
term status

lecture notes
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/LectureNotes

comment
A document containing notes that summarize a lecture or course of lectures.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
lecture notes
en
term status
example
:my-lecture-notes a fabio:LectureNotes ; dcterms:title 'Notes on Ontology Engineering - Lesson 4'@en ; dcterms:description 'A set of notes taken or prepared for a lecture, providing a summary or detailed account of the instructional content.'@en .

legal opinion
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/LegalOpinion

comment
A written explanation by a judge or group of judges that accompanies a ruling in a legal case, laying out the reasons and legal principles for the ruling, and sometimes containing pronouncements about what the law is and how it should be interpreted.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
legal opinion
en
term status
example
:my-legal-opinion a fabio:LegalOpinion ; dcterms:title 'Legal Opinion on Intellectual Property Rights for Project X'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A formal written statement by a judicial officer or legal expert that sets out the legal principle and his or her application to a particular case.'@en .

letter
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Letter

comment
A written or printed communication of a personal or professional nature between individuals and/or representatives of corporate bodies, usually transmitted by the postal service or published in a periodical. In the latter case, the letter is typically addressed to the editor and comments on or discussed an item previously published by that periodical, or of interest to its readership.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
letter
en
term status
example
:my-letter a fabio:Letter ; dcterms:description 'A written message addressed to a person or organization, typically sent by post or messenger.'@en .

library catalog
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/LibraryCatalog

comment
The catalog of the holdings of a library, for example that of the Library of Congress (http://catalog.loc.gov/).
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
library catalog
en
term status
example
:my-library-catalog a fabio:LibraryCatalog ; dcterms:title 'Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) - City Library'@en ; dcterms:description 'A register of all bibliographic items found in a library or group of libraries.'@en .

literary artistic work
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/LiteraryArtisticWork

comment
A literary creative work, such as a novel, play, poem or song.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
literary artistic work
en
example
:my-literary-artistic-work a fabio:LiteraryArtisticWork ; dcterms:title 'The Great Gatsby'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; frbr:realization :my-book ; dcterms:description 'A work of a literary or artistic nature, including books, poems, plays, musical compositions, and paintings.'@en .
term status

magazine
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Magazine

comment
A periodical, usually devoted to a particular topic or domain of interest, and usually published weekly or monthly, consisting primarily of non-peer reviewed editorials, journalistic news items and more substantive articles, reviews, book reviews and discussions concerning current or recent events and publications, and matters of interest to the domain served by the magazine.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
magazine
en
term status
note
Some scientific journals, notably Science and Nature, also secondarily serve as science magazines by containing substantive editorials and news items on vital or controversial issues.
en
example
:my-magazine a fabio:Magazine ; dcterms:title 'National Geographic Magazine'@en ; frbr:part :my-magazine-issue ; dcterms:description 'A periodical publication containing articles and illustrations, typically of popular interest and current events.'@en .

magazine article
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MagazineArticle

comment
An article published in a magazine issue.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
magazine article
en
example
:my-magazine-article a fabio:MagazineArticle ; dcterms:title 'The Future of Arctic Ice: A 2026 Perspective'@en ; frbr:partOf :my-magazine-issue ; dcterms:description 'An article published in a magazine, typically written for a general audience.'@en .
term status

magazine editorial
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MagazineEditorial

comment
An editorial published in an issue of a magazine.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
magazine editorial
en
example
:my-magazine-editorial a fabio:MagazineEditorial ; dcterms:title 'A New Era for Digital Media'@en ; frbr:partOf :my-magazine-issue ; dcterms:description 'An editorial article published in a magazine, typically expressing the views of the editor or the publisher.'@en .
term status

magazine issue
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MagazineIssue

comment
A particular published issue of a magazine, identified by date, and sometimes also by place (e.g. 'West Coast edition') or language (e.g. 'Spanish edition').
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
magazine issue
en
example
:my-magazine-issue a fabio:MagazineIssue ; dcterms:title 'TIME Magazine - May 2026 Issue'@en ; frbr:partOf :my-magazine ; dcterms:description 'A particular issue of a magazine.'@en .
term status

magazine news item
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MagazineNewsItem

comment
A news report published in a magazine issue.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
magazine news item
en
example
:my-magazine-news-item a fabio:MagazineNewsItem ; dcterms:title 'New AI Regulations Announced in Brussels'@en ; frbr:partOf :my-magazine-issue ; dcterms:description 'A short news report published in a magazine, typically concerning current events or social announcements.'@en .
term status

manifestation
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Manifestation

comment
A subclass of FRBR Manifestation, restricted to manifestations of `fabio:Expression`. `fabio:Manifestation` specifically applies to electronic (digital) as well as to physical manifestations of expressions.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
manifestation
en
note
A `fabio:Manifestation` can only have part or be part of another `fabio:Manifestation`. Moreover, it can be an embodiment only of a `fabio:Expression` and it can be exemplified only by instances of `fabio:Item`. Examples of different manifestations of a single 'version of record' expression of a scholarly work include an article in a print journal or the on-line version of that article as a web page.
en
example
:my-manifestation a fabio:Manifestation ; dcterms:title 'Towards a new Semantic Web'@en ; frbr:embodimentOf :my-article ; frbr:exemplar :my-digital-item ; dcterms:description 'The digital or physical instantiation of an expression.'@en .
term status

manifestation
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Manifestation

comment
The physical embodiment of an expression of a work. The entity defined as manifestation encompasses a wide range of materials and formats. As an entity, manifestation represents all the physical objects that bear the same characteristics, in respect to both intellectual content and physical form.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#
label
manifestation
en

manifestation collection
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ManifestationCollection

comment
A collection of manifestations.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
manifestation collection
en
example
:my-manifestation-collection a fabio:ManifestationCollection ; dcterms:title 'The Complete Works of Shakespeare - Hardback Collection'@en ; frbr:part :my-analog-manifestation, :my-digital-manifestation ; dcterms:description 'A collection of manifestations, such as a set of books or a digital archive of files.'@en .
term status

manuscript
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Manuscript

comment
A textual work prepared 'by hand', such as a typescript or word-processed pre-publication draft of a research paper or a report, or a work not otherwise reproduced in multiple copies.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
manuscript
en
note
Note: `fabio:Manuscript` is not intended to describe a handwritten historical document on paper or parchment, for which the FRBR distinctions between work, expression, manifestation and item (individual copy) becomes blurred.
en
example
:my-manuscript a fabio:Manuscript ; dcterms:title 'Initial Draft: Deep Learning in Healthcare'@en ; dcterms:description 'A textual work prepared 'by hand', including typescripts or word-processed pre-publication drafts.'@en .
term status

master's thesis
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MastersThesis

comment
A thesis reporting a research project undertaken as part of a graduate course of education leading to a master's degree.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
master's thesis
en
example
:my-master-thesis a fabio:MastersThesis ; dcterms:title 'Linked Data analysis in the library science domain'@en ; dcterms:description 'A thesis reporting the results of a period of study, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a master's degree.'@en .
term status

meeting report
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MeetingReport

comment
A report of a meeting of some kind.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
meeting report
en
example
:my-meeting-report a fabio:MeetingReport ; dcterms:title 'Meeting report for Project X - 2026'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A report of the proceedings of a meeting or conference.'@en .
term status

metadata
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Metadata

comment
A separate work that provides information describing one or more characteristics of a resource or entity.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
metadata
en
example
:my-metadata a fabio:Metadata ; dcterms:title 'Metadata record for 'The Fellowship of the Ring''@en ; frbr:realization :my-metadata-document ; dcterms:description 'A document containing data about other data, such as a library catalog record or an RDF description.'@en .
term status

metadata document
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MetadataDocument

comment
A document that contains metadata information describing one or more characteristics of a resource.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
metadata document
en
example
:my-metadata-document a fabio:MetadataDocument ; dcterms:title 'XML schema for my dataset'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-metadata ; dcterms:description 'A document consisting entirely of metadata describing one or more other resources.'@en .
term status

methods paper
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MethodsPaper

comment
A scholarly work detailing a method, procedure or experimental protocol employed in a particular scholarly domain.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
methods paper
en
term status
example
:my-methods-paper a fabio:MethodsPaper ; dcterms:title 'A Novel Method for Rapid DNA Sequencing'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A scholarly paper whose primary purpose is to describe a new method or a significant improvement to an existing method.'@en .

microblog
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Microblog

comment
A social networking publication medium such as Twitter, Tumblr, FriendFeed, Facebook or MySpace. A microblog differs from a traditional blog in that its individual content items are smaller than a traditional blog posts, typically containing just a short sentence, a single image, or a URI. These small messages are referred to as microposts.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
microblog
en
example
:my-microblog a fabio:Microblog ; dcterms:title 'Open Science Updates Microblog'@en ; frbr:part :my-micropost ; dcterms:description 'A blog that contains very short posts, such as those on Twitter or Mastodon.'@en .
term status

micropost
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Micropost

comment
A content item that is published in a Microblog, typically containing just a short sentence, a single image, or a URL.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
micropost
en
example
:my-micropost a fabio:Micropost ; frbr:partOf :my-microblog ; dcterms:description 'A very short post on a microblog, typically limited to a few hundred characters.'@en .
term status

minimal information standard
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MinimalInformationStandard

comment
A metadata standard specifying items to be included when creating metadata describing a dataset of a particular type, or when creating a structured summary of the main findings of an article or report in a particular domain of interest, thereby ensuring adequate descriptive information is recorded for subsequent resource discovery and/or interpretation of the information described.
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
minimal information standard
en
term status
example
:my-minimal-information-standard a fabio:MinimalInformationStandard ; dcterms:title 'MIAME: Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A standard specifying the minimum information required to report a particular type of scientific experiment.'@en .

model
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Model

comment
A mathematical, graphical or physical representation of some physical reality, conceptual idea or theoretical construct.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
model
en
example
:my-model a fabio:Model ; dcterms:title 'Statistical model for bibliographic data science v4.2'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A physical, mathematical, or logical representation of a system, entity, phenomenon, or process.'@en .
term status

movie
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Movie

comment
The realization of a moving image.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
movie
en
example
:my-movie a fabio:Movie ; dcterms:title 'Interstellar'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-moving-image ; dcterms:description 'A recording of moving images that tells a story and that people watch on a screen or television.'@en .
term status

moving image
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MovingImage

comment
A moving display, either generated dynamically by a computer program or formed from a series of pre-recorded still images imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession.
en
is disjoint with
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
moving image
en
note
Examples include animations, cine films, videos, and computational simulations. Expressions of moving images may incorporate synchronized soundtracks.
en
term status
example
:my-moving-image a fabio:MovingImage ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:title 'Interstellar'@en ; dcterms:description 'A creation consisting of a series of images that, when shown in rapid succession, give the impression of movement.'@en .

musical composition
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/MusicalComposition

comment
A piece of music, typically in the form of a composition recorded in musical notation.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
musical composition
en
example
:my-musical-composition a fabio:MusicalComposition ; dcterms:title 'Symphony n. 5'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A creative work of a musical nature, typically consisting of a sequence of notes and rhythms.'@en .
term status

nanopublication
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Nanopublication

comment
A single, attributable and machine-readable factual assertion - the smallest unit of publishable information that can be uniquely identified and attributed to its author - typically expressed in RDF.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
nanopublication
en
note
The minimal components of a nanopublication are as follows: * the factual assertion itself, in the form subject, predicate and object (e.g. malaria is_a disease); * provenance information about the nanopublication, defining its authorship and creation date; * supporting information (optional), providing context for the assertion; * a unique identifier for the nanopublication, in the form of a URI; * an integrity key that ensures that the nanopublication is in its original form and has not been altered.
en
term status
example
:my-nanopublication a fabio:Nanopublication ; dcterms:title 'Interaction protein-gene NP-721'@en ; dcterms:description 'The smallest unit of publishable information, an assertion that can be uniquely identified and attributed.'@en .

news item
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/NewsItem

comment
A published news report.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
news item
en
term status
example
:my-news-item a fabio:NewsItem ; dcterms:title 'New archeological site found in Rome'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-news-report ; dcterms:description 'A report of a recent event or a piece of new information, typically published in a newspaper or broadcast.'@en .

news report
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/NewsReport

comment
A report of an item of news.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
news report
en
example
:my-news-report a fabio:NewsReport ; dcterms:title 'Social and climate emergency'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A detailed account of a news event, often providing context and background information.'@en .
term status

newspaper
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Newspaper

comment
A non-peer reviewed periodical, usually published daily or weekly, consisting primarily of editorials and news items concerning current or recent events and matters of public interest.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
newspaper
en
term status
example
:my-newspaper a fabio:Newspaper ; dcterms:title 'Corriere della Sera'@en ; frbr:part :my-newspaper-issue ; dcterms:description 'A periodical publication containing news, other informative articles, and advertising.'@en .

newspaper article
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/NewspaperArticle

comment
An article written by a journalist and published in a newspaper.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
newspaper article
en
term status
example
:my-newspaper-article a fabio:NewspaperArticle ; dcterms:title 'Results from administrative elections 2026'@en ; frbr:partOf :my-newspaper-issue ; dcterms:description 'An article published in a newspaper.'@en .

newspaper editorial
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/NewspaperEditorial

comment
An editorial published in an issue of a newspaper.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
newspaper editorial
en
example
:my-newspaper-editorial a fabio:NewspaperEditorial ; dcterms:title 'The future of Italian market'@en ; frbr:partOf :my-newspaper-issue ; dcterms:description 'An editorial article published in a newspaper, typically expressing the opinion of the editor or the newspaper's management.'@en .
term status

newspaper issue
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/NewspaperIssue

comment
A particular published issue of a newspaper, identified by date, and sometimes also by place or time (e.g. 'Late London Edition').
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
newspaper issue
en
example
:my-newspaper-issue a fabio:NewspaperIssue ; dcterms:title 'The New York Times - Edition of April 28, 2026'@en ; frbr:partOf :my-newspaper ; dcterms:description 'A particular issue of a newspaper.'@en .
term status

newspaper news item
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/NewspaperNewsItem

comment
A news report published in a newspaper issue.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
newspaper news item
en
term status
example
:my-newspaper-news-item a fabio:NewspaperNewsItem ; dcterms:title 'Roadworks in Bubble Avenue'@en ; frbr:partOf :my-newspaper-issue ; dcterms:description 'A short news report published in a newspaper, typically concerning current events or social announcements.'@en .

notebook
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Notebook

comment
A book containing personal notes, typically created by writing into a physical book with blank pages.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
notebook
en
term status
example
:my-notebook a fabio:Notebook ; dcterms:title 'Experimental Physics Notebook'@en ; dcterms:description 'A book with blank or ruled pages for writing notes in, or a scholarly publication consisting of a sequence of notes or records.'@en .

notification of receipt
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/NotificationOfReceipt

comment
A notification of receipt of something, for example of receipt of a book that will later be the subject of a book review.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
notification of receipt
en
term status
example
:my-notification-or-receipt a fabio:NotificationOfReceipt ; dcterms:title 'Received manuscript 402'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A formal notice confirming that something has been received.'@en .

novel
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Novel

comment
A long fictitious narrative written in literary prose.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
novel
en
term status
example
:my-novel a fabio:Novel ; dcterms:title 'Three Body Problem'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A long narrative in literary prose.'@en .

obituary
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Obituary

comment
A news item reporting the death of a person, typically accompanied by an description of that person's life and contributions to his or her profession and to society at large.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
obituary
en
example
:my-obituary a fabio:Obituary ; dcterms:title 'In memory of John Smith (1945-2026)'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A notice of a death, especially in a newspaper, typically including a brief biography of the deceased person.'@en .
term status

ontology
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Ontology

comment
A formal representation of a set of concepts within a domain of knowledge, and the logical relationships between those concepts.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
ontology
en
see also
example
:my-ontology a fabio:Ontology ; dcterms:title 'Citation Typing Ontology'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A formal explicit specification of a shared conceptualization.'@en .
term status

ontology document
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/OntologyDocument

comment
A document containing an ontology.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
ontology document
en
note
Examples include an OWL (Web Ontology Language) file (http://www.w3.org/TR/owl-features/).
en
term status
example
:my-ontology-document a fabio:OntologyDocument ; dcterms:title 'Citation Typing Ontology'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-ontology ; dcterms:description 'A document consisting entirely of an ontology, or a part of an ontology.'@en .

opinion
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Opinion

comment
An expression of a personal or professional opinion on an issue or topic.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
opinion
en
term status
example
:my-opinion-2026 a fabio:Opinion ; dcterms:title 'Legal opinion on GDPR v2'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A document containing a judgment, view, or statement of professional advice given by an expert.'@en .

oration
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Oration

comment
A formal speech, for example one delivered at a ceremonial occasion, or the written transcript of such a speech.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
oration
en
term status
example
:my-oration a fabio:Oration ; dcterms:title 'Oration for Open Day 2026'@en ; dcterms:description 'A formal speech, especially one given on a ceremonial occasion.'@en .

page
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Page

comment
A manifestation that represents pages either in physical (e.g., one side of a sheet of paper) or in digital form (e.g., a page in a PDF, or a web page).
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
page
en
term status
example
:my-page a fabio:Page ; dcterms:title 'Page 42'@en ; dcterms:description 'One side of a leaf of something printed or written, such as a book, manuscript or letter.'@en .

paperback
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Paperback

comment
A print object with a flexible cover, usually made of paper or paperboard.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
paperback
en
term status
example
:my-paperback a fabio:Paperback ; dcterms:publisher :springer ; prism:publicationDate '2007-06'^^xsd:gYearMonth ; frbr:part :my-analog-manifestation .

patent
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Patent

comment
A formal disclosure of a new invention approved by a governmental patent agency, made to register intellectual property rights, and to give exclusive rights to the inventor or assignee to manufacture, use, license or sell the invention for a certain number of years.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
patent
en
example
:my-patent a fabio:Patent ; dcterms:title 'AI-based ice cream generator'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:identifier 'US123456789' ; dcterms:description 'A government authority or licence conferring a right or title for a set period, especially the sole right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention.'@en .
term status

patent application
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PatentApplication

comment
A formal disclosure of a new invention, made in application for a patent.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
patent application
en
term status
example
:my-patent-application a fabio:PatentApplication ; dcterms:title 'Application for patenting an AI-based ice cream generator'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; frbr:realization :my-patent-application-document ; dcterms:description 'A formal request for the grant of a patent for an invention.'@en .

patent application document
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PatentApplicationDocument

comment
The physical or electronic realization of a patent application.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
patent application document
en
example
:my-patent-application-document a fabio:PatentApplicationDocument ; dcterms:title 'Technical description for an AI-based ice cream generator'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-patent-application ; dcterms:description 'A document containing the text or drawings of a patent application.'@en .
term status

patent document
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PatentDocument

comment
The physical or electronic realization of a patent.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
patent document
en
term status
example
:my-patent-document a fabio:PatentDocument ; dcterms:title 'Technical text for a patent on an AI-based ice cream generator'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-patent ; dcterms:description 'A document containing the text or drawings of a patent.'@en .

periodical
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Periodical

comment
A publication issued on a regular and ongoing basis as a series of issues, each issue comprising separate periodical items, for example editorials, articles, news items and/or other writings.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
periodical
en
term status
example
:my-periodical a fabio:Periodical ; dcterms:title 'Nature'@en ; dcterms:issn '1476-4687' ; frbr:part :my-periodical-issue ; dcterms:description 'A publication that is issued in parts at regular intervals.'@en .

periodical issue
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PeriodicalIssue

comment
A particular issue of a periodical, identified and distinguished from other issues of the same publication by date and/or issue number and/or volume number, and comprising separate periodical items such as editorials, articles and news items.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
periodical issue
en
term status
example
:my-periodical-issue a fabio:PeriodicalIssue ; dcterms:title 'Nature Volume 600 Issue 7887'@en ; fabio:hasSequenceIdentifier '7887' ; frbr:partOf :my-periodical-issue , :my-periodical-volume ; dcterms:description 'A single issue of a periodical publication.'@en .

periodical item
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PeriodicalItem

comment
A piece of writing published in a periodical issue, typically accompanied by other items by different authors.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is equivalent to
label
periodical item
en
example
:my-periodical-item a fabio:PeriodicalItem ; dcterms:title 'The future of open science'@en ; frbr:partOf :my-periodical-issue , :my-periodical-volume ; dcterms:description 'An item published within an issue of a periodical.'@en .
term status

periodical volume
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PeriodicalVolume

comment
A particular published volume of a periodical.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
periodical volume
en
example
:my-periodical-volume a fabio:PeriodicalVolume ; dcterms:title 'Nature Volume 600'@en ; fabio:hasSequenceIdentifier '600' ; frbr:partOf :my-periodical ; dcterms:description 'A single volume of a periodical publication, usually collecting several issues.'@en .
term status

personal communication
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PersonalCommunication

comment
Information communicated personally by verbal or written means from one individual to one or more another persons or organizations.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
personal communication
en
example
:my-personal-communication a fabio:PersonalCommunication ; dcterms:title 'Technical discussion on data architecture'@en ; dcterms:description 'A communication between specific individuals, such as a letter, an email, or a private conversation, not intended for public dissemination.'@en .
term status

Ph.D. symposium paper
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PhDSymposiumPaper

comment
A paper, usually presented during a specific session of a conference dedicated to Ph.D. students, that describes ongoing Ph.D. student's research.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
Ph.D. symposium paper
en
term status
example
:my-phd-symposium-paper a fabio:PhDSymposiumPaper ; dcterms:title 'New approaches towards ontology engineering'@en ; dcterms:description 'A paper presented at a PhD symposium, typically describing ongoing doctoral research.'@en .

place
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Place

comment
A location.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#
is in range of
label
place
en

play
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Play

comment
A form of literature written by a playwright, usually consisting of scripted dialogue between characters, intended for theatrical performance rather than reading.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
play
en
example
:my-play a fabio:Play ; dcterms:title 'Six Characters in Search of an Author'@en ; dcterms:creator :luigi-pirandello ; dcterms:description 'A dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage.'@en .
term status

poem
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Poem

comment
An artistic work written with an intensity or beauty of language more characteristic of poetry than of prose.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
poem
en
example
:my-poem a fabio:Poem ; dcterms:title 'In the Desert'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A piece of writing in which the expression of feelings and ideas is given intensity by particular attention to diction, rhythm, and imagery.'@en .
term status

policy
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Policy

comment
A description and definition of how something should be done. Ideally, a policy should be both effective in achieving its goals and acceptable to those who have to abide by it.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
policy
en
example
:my-policy a fabio:Policy ; dcterms:title 'University Open Access Policy'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; frbr:realization :my-policy-document ; dcterms:description 'A formal statement of intent or set of rules adopted by an organization to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes.'@en .
term status

policy document
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PolicyDocument

comment
A document embodying a policy that describes and defines how something should be done.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
policy document
en
example
:my-policy-document a fabio:PolicyDocument ; dcterms:title 'University Policy for Open Access v3.0'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-policy ; dcterms:description 'A document that describes a set of principles or rules agreed upon by an organization or government.'@en .
term status

position paper
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PositionPaper

comment
A scholarly work that reports a particular intellectual position or viewpoint regarding a particular scholarly topic. Usually, these papers are dependent on the author's opinion or interpretation, do not have an evaluation, and need to present relevant and novel discussion points in a thorough manner.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
position paper
en
example
:my-position-paper a fabio:PositionPaper ; dcterms:title 'The use of generative AI in research'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A report or essay that presents an arguable opinion about an issue.'@en .
term status

poster paper
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PosterPaper

comment
A paper that typically accompanies a poster describing some preliminary results of research, usually presented during a conference or a workshop.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
poster paper
en
example
:my-poster-paper a fabio:PosterPaper ; dcterms:title 'Visualization of knowledge graphs on mobile devices'@en ; dcterms:description 'A short paper describing a poster presented at a conference.'@en .
term status

postprint
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Postprint

comment
The version of an author's original scholarly work, such as a research paper or a review, re-submitted for publication after revision by the author in the light of comments from reviewers.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
postprint
en
note
Note: For the version before peer review, use fabio:Preprint. For the final published version, use fabio:DefinitiveVersion.
en
example
:my-postprint a fabio:Postprint ; dcterms:title 'Advanced analysis of bibliographic metadata'@en ; dcterms:description 'A version of a scholarly article after it has been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication, but before formal copyediting and formatting by the publisher.'@en .
term status

preprint
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Preprint

comment
The version of an author's original scholarly work, such as a research paper or a review, first submitted to publisher for publication.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
preprint
en
note
Note: For that version resubmitted after peer-review and revision, use fabio:Postprint. For the final published version use fabio:DefinitiveVersion.
en
term status
example
:my-preprint a fabio:Preprint ; dcterms:title 'Advanced analysis of bibliographic metadata'@en ; dcterms:description 'A version of a scholarly paper that precedes formal peer review and publication in a peer-reviewed scholarly journal.'@en .

presentation
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Presentation

comment
A set of slides containing text, tables or figures, designed to communicate ideas or research results, for projection and viewing by an audience at a conference, symposium, seminar, lecture, workshop or other gatherings, typically embodied in a particular manifestation format such as a SlideShare or PowerPoint slideshow.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
presentation
en
term status
example
:my-algorithm a fabio:Algorithm ; dcterms:title 'Distance Calculator'@en ; dcterms:description 'Algorithm for calculating the distance between to geo locations.'@en .

press release
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PressRelease

comment
A news report published by an organization to provide information to journalists.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
press release
en
example
:my-presentation a fabio:Presentation ; dcterms:title 'Introduction to Semantic Web technologies'@en ; dcterms:description 'A realization of a lecture, speech or other informative discourse, typically accompanied by visual aids such as slides.'@en .
term status

print object
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/PrintObject

comment
An analog manifestation in physical printed form, typically on paper.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
print object
en
example
:my-print-object a fabio:PrintObject ; dcterms:publisher :springer ; prism:publicationDate '2007-06'^^xsd:gYearMonth ; prism:startingPage '171' ; prism:endingPage '186' .
term status

proceedings paper
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ProceedingsPaper

comment
A paper, typically the realization of a research paper reporting original research findings, usually published within an academic proceedings volume.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
proceedings paper
en
term status
example
:my-proceedings-paper a fabio:ProceedingsPaper ; dcterms:title 'Deep Learning applied to Knowledge Graphs'@en ; dcterms:description 'A paper published in the proceedings of a conference, workshop or similar event.'@en .

product review
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ProductReview

comment
A written review and critical analysis of the purpose, features, performance and other qualities of a product.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
product review
en
example
:my-product-review a fabio:ProductReview ; dcterms:title 'Technical review of Smartphone XYZ 2026'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A critical review of a product, such as a software application, a piece of hardware, or a commercial tool.'@en .
term status

project metadata
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ProjectMetadata

comment
Metadata describing a project.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
project metadata
en
example
:my-project-metadata a fabio:ProjectMetadata ; dcterms:title 'Technical metadata of the Horizon Europe 2026 project'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A document containing metadata about a project.'@en .
term status
note
Examples include the project name, the names of those who conducted the project, the name of the institution in which the project was conducted, and the project funding information.
en

project plan
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ProjectPlan

comment
A document used to guide project planning, execution and control, specifying the project's goal and objectives and the activities and resources required to achieve these, setting out the project schedule, and identifying the major workpackages, milestones and deliverables. A project plan will typically contain a Gantt chart.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
project plan
en
term status
example
:my-project-plan a fabio:ProjectPlan ; dcterms:title 'Plan for Smart City v1.0 project'@en ; dcterms:description 'A document describing the objectives, activities and schedules of a project.'@en .

proof
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Proof

comment
The preliminary version of a publication, after the inclusion of any author corrections following review, and after copy editing and formatting to bring the manuscript into the house style, intended for final checking prior to publication to detect and eliminate typographical errors, omissions or transpositions of text, incorrect layout or placement of illustrations and tables, or other formatting errors.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
proof
en
example
:my-proof a fabio:Proof ; dcterms:title 'Proof copy for Book X'@en ; dcterms:description 'A version of a manuscript that has been typeset but not yet published, used for final checking by the authors.'@en .
note
Those who check proofs include the editor, possibly the peer-reviewers (to ensure that their requested modifications have been included to their satisfaction), possibly an in-house professional proof-reader, and / or the author, who is ultimately responsible for ensuring the published work says what (s)he means it to say. Substantive changes to the text are not permitted once the manuscript has reached proof stage.
en
term status

proposition
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Proposition

comment
A proposal or proposition of a new conceptualisation, hypothesis, idea, theory, activity or organisation.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
proposition
en
term status
example
:my-proposition a fabio:Proposition ; dcterms:title 'P == NP'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A statement or assertion that expresses a new conceptualisation.'@en .

questionnaire
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Questionnaire

comment
A set of questions on a particular topic, usually in the form of multiple choice questions requiring the respondent to select the correct answer, or providing the ability to indicate support for or against a proposal on a numerical scale, designed for rapid numerical analysis of responses and often used in surveying public opinion.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
questionnaire
en
term status
example
:my-questionnaire a fabio:Questionnaire ; dcterms:title 'Questionnaire for Open Data users'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A set of printed or written questions with a choice of answers, devised for the purposes of a survey or statistical study.'@en .

quotation
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Quotation

comment
A passage of speech selected from a larger verbal or written expression for use in another expression, with specific attribution to its original source, and usually demarcated by quotation marks and / or by placing it in a separate indented paragraph.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
quotation
en
see also
example
:my-quotation a fabio:Quotation ; dcterms:title 'Quotation from The Thing'@en ; dcterms:description 'A passage os speech selected from a larger expression.'@en .
note
A quotation is a repetition of what someone has said, and is presented 'within quotation marks', for example: On June 4th 1940, Winston Churchill made a speech on the radio that has since become famous, that included the words: ' . . . we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender . . .' Similarly, the words 'but Brutus is an honourable man' from Mark Antony's funeral speech in Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar is a quotation, since Mark Antony says these words in the play. Note: Use `fabio:Quotation` to indicate a segment or passage selected from another expression that is a passage of speech, and `fabio:Excerpt` to indicate a segment or passage selected from another expression that is not a passage of speech.
en
term status

rapid communication
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/RapidCommunication

comment
A short rapidly published research article or conference paper, typically reporting significant research results that have been recently discovered, or a brief news item reporting such discoveries.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
rapid communication
en
see also
example
:my-rapid-communication a fabio:RapidCommunication ; dcterms:title 'Preliminary results for new vaccine'@en ; dcterms:description 'A short paper reporting a piece of research that is particularly timely and relevant, published more quickly than a full research paper.'@en .
term status

reference book
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ReferenceBook

comment
A book containing authoritative factual information, such as a dictionary, encyclopaedia, handbook or field guide, which is a realisation of a certain reference work and may contain several reference entries.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
reference book
en
example
:my-reference-book a fabio:ReferenceBook ; dcterms:title 'Oxford English Dictionary, 12th Edition'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-reference-work ; dcterms:description 'A book intended to be consulted for information rather than read from beginning to end.'@en .
term status

reference entry
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ReferenceEntry

comment
A particular reference entry containing authoritative factual information on a certain topic, usually contained in a larger expression.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
reference entry
en
example
:my-reference-entry a fabio:ReferenceEntry ; dcterms:title 'Definition of 'Ontology''@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-reference-work ; dcterms:description 'A discrete item of information in a reference book, such as a dictionary entry or an encyclopedia article.'@en .
term status

reference work
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ReferenceWork

comment
A work to which people refer for authoritative factual information, such as a dictionary, encyclopaedia, entry, handbook or field guide, or an informative web page such as an institutional, research group or project home page.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
reference work
en
term status
example
:my-reference-work a fabio:ReferenceWork ; dcterms:title 'Encyclopedia of Life Sciences'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A comprehensive work such as an encyclopedia, dictionary, or thesaurus, intended for consultation.'@en .

relational database
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/RelationalDatabase

comment
A database in which the data are arranged in tables according to their common characteristics, with relationships between the tables being defined by a relational model or schema. A relational database is highly optimized for performance, and is queried using a database query language such as SQL (Structured Query Language). The software used to create a relational database is called a relational database management system (RDBMS).
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
relational database
en
example
:my-relational-database a fabio:RelationalDatabase ; dcterms:title 'Database of 2026 publications'@en ; dcterms:description 'A collection of data items organized as a set of formally-described tables from which data can be accessed or reassembled in many different ways.'@en .
term status

reply
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Reply

comment
A work that is a reply, either to a letter or other direct communication, or to feedback or comments about a piece of submitted writing. The latter is typically written by the author of a journal article submitted for publication, or by an applicant making a grant application, in response to reviews of the work from peer reviewers prior to publication (for the journal article) or prior to funding decision (for the grant application). Alternatively, it can be written in response to post-publication peer-review of a published journal article, or comments about it.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
reply
en
example
:my-reply a fabio:Reply ; dcterms:title 'Reply to Professor X's comment'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A written or spoken statement or document given in answer to another such statement or document.'@en .
term status

report
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Report

comment
A formal factual, methodological, statistical, technical or research report issued by an individual, group, agency, government body or other institution.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
report
en
example
:my-report a fabio:Report ; dcterms:title 'Yearly report on scientific research'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A document that presents information in an organized format for a specific audience and purpose.'@en .
term status

report document
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ReportDocument

comment
The realization of a report, usually in printed form.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
report document
en
example
:my-report-document a fabio:ReportDocument ; dcterms:title 'Yearly report on scientific research'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-report ; dcterms:description 'A document containing a report.'@en .
term status

reporting standard
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ReportingStandard

comment
A set of recommendations for the minimum reporting requirements to be employed when reporting a particular type of investigation or project, for example a randomized clinical trial. A reporting standard may involve a checklist and a flow diagram, offers a standard way for authors to prepare a complete and transparent report of their findings, and aids their critical appraisal and interpretation of their data.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
reporting standard
en
term status
example
:my-reporting-standard a fabio:ReportingStandard ; dcterms:title 'CONSORT 2010 Statement'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A set of guidelines or a formal agreement that specifies how information should be reported in a document.'@en .

repository
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Repository

comment
A computer system in which information may be stored.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
repository
en
example
:my-repository a fabio:Repository ; dcterms:title 'Zenodo Open Repository'@en ; dcterms:description 'A facility or system for the deposit, storage, and maintenance of digital or physical items.'@en .
term status

research paper
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ResearchPaper

comment
A scholarly work that reports original research contributions addressing theoretical, analytical or experimental aspects of a particular scholarly domain.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
research paper
en
term status
example
:my-research-paper a fabio:ResearchPaper ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:title 'Towards a new conceptualization of Symbolic Artificial Intelligence'@en ; dcterms:description 'A scholarly work reporting original research contributions.'@en .

resource paper
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ResourcePaper

comment
A scholarly work that describes resources developed to provide experimental materials or facilities, support a research hypothesis, to provide answers to a research question, or that have contributed to the generation of novel scientific work.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
resource paper
en
note
Examples of such resources include, for experimental sciences, mouse mutant lines and large communally used X-ray or neutron sources, and, for computer sciences, datasets, ontologies, vocabularies, ontology design patterns, evaluation benchmarks or methods, services, APIs and software frameworks, workflows, crowdsourcing task designs, protocols and metrics.
en
example
:my-resource-paper a fabio:ResourcePaper ; dcterms:title 'A new semantic dataset for library science'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A paper describing a resource (e.g. a dataset, an ontology, a software tool) and its value to the research community.'@en .
term status

retraction
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Retraction

comment
A public statement made about an earlier statement that withdraws, cancels, refutes, diametrically reverses the original statement or ceases and desists from publishing the original statement.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
retraction
en
example
:my-retraction a fabio:Retraction ; dcterms:title 'Retraction of 'Statistical analysis of environmental data 2024''@en ; dcterms:creation :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A statement issued by authors, editors or other authorized officials to withdraw a previously published work or part thereof.'@en .
term status

retraction notice
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/RetractionNotice

comment
A formal document which publicly withdraws, cancels, refutes, reverses an earlier statement or publication or announces the act of desisting from publishing the original statement.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
retraction notice
en
example
:my-retraction-notice a fabio:RetractionNotice ; dcterms:title 'Notice of retraction for article ID-456'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-retraction ; dcterms:description 'A formal public notice about a retraction.'@en .
term status

review
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Review

comment
A review of others' work.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
review
en
term status
example
:my-review a fabio:Review ; dcterms:title 'Review of the book 'Intelligent Agents 101''@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A critical evaluation of a work, typically published in a journal or newspaper.'@en .

review article
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ReviewArticle

comment
An article that contains a review.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
review article
en
term status
example
:my-review-article a fabio:ReviewArticle ; dcterms:title 'Review of the book 'Intelligent Agents 101''@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-review ; dcterms:description 'An article containing a review.'@en .

review paper
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ReviewPaper

comment
A scholarly work that surveys the state of the art of topics central to a particular subject or relating to a specific domain (e.g. the scope of a certain journal or conference). Papers of this kind may contain a selective bibliography listing key papers related to the subject or providing advice on information sources, or they may strive to be comprehensive, covering all contributions to the development of a topic and exploring their different findings or views.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
review paper
en
term status
example
:my-review-paper a fabio:ReviewPaper ; dcterms:title 'New developments in Deep Learning'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A paper that summarizes the current state of understanding on a topic, by surveying and summarizing previously published studies.'@en .

scholarly work
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ScholarlyWork

comment
A work that reports scholarly activity on a particular topic, either published in written form, or delivered orally at a meeting.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
scholarly work
en
term status
example
:my-scholarly-work a fabio:ScholarlyWork ; dcterms:title 'Theory of General Relativity'@en ; dcterms:creator :albert-einstein ; dcterms:description 'A work created for the purpose of promoting or recording academic or scholarly research.'@en .

screenplay
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Screenplay

comment
A written work made especially for a film or television program. Screenplays can be original works or adaptations from existing pieces of writing, for example novels.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
screenplay
en
term status
example
:my-screenplay a fabio:Screenplay ; dcterms:title 'Screenplay for 'Possession''@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A document that outlines the story, characters, and dialogue of a film or television show.'@en .

script
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Script

comment
A small computer program written in a scripting language such as JavaScript, PHP or Perl that allows control of one or more software applications.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
script
en
term status
example
:my-script a fabio:Script ; dcterms:title 'Python script for bibliographic data cleaning'@en ; dcterms:description 'A program or sequence of instructions that is interpreted or carried out by another program.'@en .

series
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Series

comment
A sequence of expressions having certain characteristics in common that are formally identified together as a group.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
series
en
example
:my-series a fabio:Series ; dcterms:title 'Lecture Notes in Computer Science'@en ; dcterms:description 'A sequence of separate expressions published in succession by a single publisher, typically with a common title for the entire set.'@en .
term status

short story
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ShortStory

comment
A work of fiction that is usually written in prose, often in narrative format. This format tends to be more focused and less elaborate than longer works of fiction such as novels.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
short story
en
term status
example
:my-short-story a fabio:ShortStory ; dcterms:title 'Exhalation'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A brief work of fiction, usually written in prose.'@en .

software
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Software

comment
The distinct intellectual creation of a computer program or software application. It represents the abstract concept, logic, and intended functionality of the software, independent of any specific source code implementation, programming language, or compiled version.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
software
en
term status
example
:my-software a fabio:Software ; dcterms:title 'Data Parser Tool'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A set of instructions that a computer can use to perform a specific task.'@en .

song
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Song

comment
A musical composition that contains vocal parts ('lyrics') that are performed ('sung').
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
song
en
example
:my-song a fabio:Song ; dcterms:title 'Your song'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-lennon ; dcterms:description 'A short musical composition with words.'@en .
term status

sound recording
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/SoundRecording

comment
The creative work of making an electrical or mechanical recording of sounds, such as the spoken voice, singing, instrumental music, animal vocalizations or sound effects.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
sound recording
en
term status
example
:my-sound-recording a fabio:SoundRecording ; dcterms:title 'Audio recording of lesson 01'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A recording of sound, such as music, speech, or other sounds.'@en .

specification
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Specification

comment
An explicit description of, or set of requirements to be satisfied by, a material, product, resource, service or standard.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
specification
en
term status
example
:my-specification a fabio:Specification ; dcterms:title 'Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A detailed description of the criteria for an item, such as a software system or a technical standard.'@en .

specification document
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/SpecificationDocument

comment
The realization of a specification (a standard, a workflow, etc.).
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
specification document
en
term status
example
:my-specification-document a fabio:SpecificationDocument ; dcterms:title 'Specification document for HTTP/1.1'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-specification ; dcterms:description 'A document containing a specification.'@en .

spreadsheet
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Spreadsheet

comment
An electronic form of data storage that displays a grid of rows and columns, in which each editable cell can contain alphanumeric text, a numeric value, or a formula that defines how the content of that cell is to be calculated from the content of another cell or cells.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
spreadsheet
en
example
:my-spreadsheet a fabio:Spreadsheet ; dcterms:title 'Budget analysis for research 2026'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A document that presents data in a grid of rows and columns, often used for calculations and data analysis.'@en .
term status

standard operating procedure
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/StandardOperatingProcedure

comment
Clear and detailed written instructions of a prescribed step-by-step procedure to be routinely followed, and decisions to be made when undertaking a specific task, process or function, to achieve consistent performance, ensure safety and/or assure data quality.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
standard operating procedure
en
example
:my-standard-operating-procedure a fabio:StandardOperatingProcedure ; dcterms:title 'SOP for DNA sequencing (v2.1)'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A set of step-by-step instructions compiled by an organization to help workers carry out complex routine operations.'@en .
term status

still image
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/StillImage

comment
A recorded static visual representation. This class of image includes diagrams, drawings, graphs, graphic designs, plans, maps, photographs and prints.
en
is disjoint with
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
still image
en
term status
example
:my-still-image a fabio:StillImage ; dcterms:title 'System architecture diagram v1'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A visual representation on a surface, such as a photograph, drawing, or painting, that is static and does not move.'@en .

storage medium
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/StorageMedium

comment
A device for recording information or storing data.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is in domain of
is in range of
label
storage medium
en
example
:my-storage-medium a fabio:StorageMedium ; dcterms:title 'A storage medium'@en ; dcterms:description 'A physical medium on which data can be stored, such as a magnetic disk, optical disc, or flash drive.'@en .
term status

structured summary
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/StructuredSummary

comment
A structured summary containing essential metadata describing a research investigation and/or the research outputs that have resulted from it, for example datasets and journal articles, structured according to some minimal information standard.
en
is disjoint with
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
structured summary
en
see also
term status
note
Such a structured summary can be embodied in both human-readable and machine-readable manifestations, e.g. HTML and RDF. It differs from the abstract of a journal article, in that the latter is written as a piece of continuous prose, but typically omits vital factual information about the investigation, such as when and where it was conducted, by whom, and on now many specimens or subjects.
en
example
:my-structured-summary a fabio:StructuredSummary ; dcterms:title 'Structured summary of Project X'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-minimal-information-standard ; dcterms:description 'A summary of a document that is structured into formal sections, such as Background, Methods, Results, and Conclusions.'@en .

subject discipline
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/SubjectDiscipline

comment
A concept that identifies a field of knowledge or human activity defined in a controlled vocabulary, such as Computer Science, Biology, Economics, Cookery or Swimming.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is in domain of
is in range of
is sub concept of
label
subject discipline
en
term status
example
:my-subject-discipline a fabio:SubjectDiscipline ; dcterms:title 'Computational Linguistics'@en ; skos:isScheme :my-discipline-dictionary ; dcterms:description 'A branch of knowledge or field of study, such as physics, history, or linguistics.'@en .

subject term
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/SubjectTerm

comment
A concept that defines a term within the controlled vocabulary of a particular classification system, such as the ACM Computing Classification System or MeSH, the Medical Subject Headings, used as an annotation to describe the subject, meaning or content of a resource.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is in range of
is sub concept of
label
subject term
en
example
:my-subject-term a fabio:SubjectTerm ; dcterms:title 'Semantic Web'@en ; skos:inScheme :my-term-dictionary ; dcterms:description 'A word or phrase used to describe the subject matter of a work.'@en .
term status

supplement
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Supplement

comment
A supplement to a publication such as a book, journal, magazine or newspaper, additional to the main publication.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
supplement
en
example
:my-supplement a fabio:Supplement ; dcterms:title 'Dataset and appendices'@en ; dcterms:description 'An expression that updates or adds to another endeavor, and is usually published separately.'@en .
note
For example, a colour supplement to a sunday newspaper, or a special supplementary issue of a journal or a journal volume containing invited articles on a special topic, or abstracts or papers presented at a scientific conference.
en
term status

supplementary information file
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/SupplementaryInformationFile

comment
A file accompanying a published journal article, containing additional information of relevance to the article, typically available from the publisher's web site via a hyperlink from the journal article itself.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
supplementary information file
en
term status
example
:my-supplementary-information a fabio:SupplementaryInformationFile ; dcterms:title 'Extended tables'@en ; dcterms:description 'Information that is relevant to a work but is not essential to its understanding and is usually published separately.'@en .

systematic review
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/SystematicReview

comment
A literature review focused on a single question that tries to identify, appraise, select and synthesize all high quality research evidence relevant to that question.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
systematic review
en
note
Systematic reviews of high-quality randomized controlled trials are crucial to evidence-based medicine. An understanding of systematic reviews and how to implement them in practice is becoming mandatory for all professionals involved in the delivery of health care. Systematic reviews are not limited to medicine, and are quite common in other sciences such as psychology, educational research and sociology.
en
term status
example
:my-systematic-review a fabio:SystematicReview ; dcterms:title 'Bibliographic Data Science: a literature review'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A review of a clearly formulated question that uses systematic and explicit methods to identify, select, and critically appraise relevant research.'@en .

table
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Table

comment
A graphical means of presenting data in a grid of rows and columns, within which the cells usually contain alphanumeric text or numeric values. If included within a publication, a table typically appearing unaligned with the main body of text, with its own descriptive title.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
table
en
example
:my-table a fabio:Table ; dcterms:title 'Table 1: Comparative analysis of results'@en ; dcterms:description 'A set of data arranged in rows and columns.'@en .
term status

table of contents
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/TableOfContents

comment
A table listing the parts of publication such as a book or technical specification, and the pages on which these content elements start (if the publication is printed or otherwise organized into pages), usually listed in order of appearance.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
table of contents
en
term status
note
A table of contents typically includes first-level headers, such as the chapter titles of a book, and may also include second- and even third-level headers. In electronic works, the table of contents entries are often internally hyperlinked to the content items, so that clicking on the entry takes the reader to that item.
en
example
:my-table-of-contents a fabio:TableOfContents ; dcterms:title 'Table of contents for User Manual v1'@en ; dcterms:description 'A list of the parts of a document, such as chapters or sections, organized in the order in which they appear.'@en .

taxonomy
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Taxonomy

comment
A classification arranged in a hierarchical structure of classes and subclasses, showing parent-child `isA`, `broader_than`, or `narrower_than` relationships.
en
is disjoint with
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
taxonomy
en
example
:my-taxonomy a fabio:Taxonomy ; dcterms:title 'Taxonomy for scholarly research activities'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A scheme of classification, especially a hierarchical classification, in which things are organized into groups or types.'@en .
term status

technical report
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/TechnicalReport

comment
A report of a technical nature.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
technical report
en
term status
example
:my-technical-report a fabio:TechnicalReport ; dcterms:title 'Technical report on genAI security'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A document that describes the process, progress, or results of technical or scientific research.'@en .

technical standard
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/TechnicalStandard

comment
An official or public specification of, or requirement for, a technical method, practice, process or protocol that is involved in, for example, manufacturing, computation, electronic communication, or digital media.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
technical standard
en
term status
example
:my-technical-standard a fabio:TechnicalStandard ; dcterms:title 'ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information security, cybersecurity and privacy protection'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A formal document that establishes uniform engineering or technical criteria, methods, processes and practices.'@en .

term dictionary
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/TermDictionary

comment
A controlled vocabulary, usually referring to terms within a particular classification system, such as the ACM Computing Classification System or MeSH, the Medical Subject Headings, or a controlled vocabulary of disciplines.
en
is disjoint with
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
term dictionary
en
example
:my-term-dictionary a fabio:TermDictionary ; dcterms:title 'Artificial Intelligence Glossary'@en ; skos:isSchemeOf :my-subject-term ; dcterms:description 'A collection of terms and their definitions, often specific to a particular subject or field.'@en .
note
A term dictionary is a collection of subject terms.
en
term status

textbook
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Textbook

comment
A book containing instructional material relating to a particular topic of academic study, designed to be read by students.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
textbook
en
term status
example
:my-text-book a fabio:TextBook ; dcterms:title 'Introduction to Meta-ontologies'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-instructional-work ; dcterms:description 'A book used as a standard source of information for the formal study of a particular subject.'@en .

thesaurus
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Thesaurus

comment
A type of controlled vocabulary used in information retrieval applications for indexing or tagging purposes, in which relationships between terms are made explicit. These are normally hierarchical relationships (is-a, subsumption; e.g. a cow is a mammal), equivalency relationships relating non-preferred terms to preferred terms (e.g. pitch and frequency), or associative relationships, in which the relationship that exists is neither one of hierarchy or equivalence, but rather one of similarity (e.g. sports and leisure pursuits).
en
is disjoint with
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
thesaurus
en
example
:my-thesaurus a fabio:Thesaurus ; dcterms:title 'UNESCO Thesaurus'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A controlled vocabulary in which concepts are represented by preferred terms, and relationships between concepts are explicitly stated.'@en .
term status

thesis
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Thesis

comment
A book authored by a student containing a formal presentations of research outputs submitted for examination in completion of a course of study at an institution of higher education, to fulfil the requirements for an academic degree. Also know as a dissertation.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
thesis
en
term status
note
For the alternative meaning of the word 'thesis', namely the formulation of a concept, hypothesis, idea, point of view or theory presented for review and/or discussion, use fabio:Proposition.
en
example
:my-thesis a fabio:Thesis ; dcterms:title 'Developing intelligent LLM-based agents'@en ; dcterms:description 'A document presenting the author's research and findings, submitted in support of candidature for a degree or professional qualification.'@en .

thing
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Thing

timetable
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Timetable

comment
A tabular dataset providing information about the times and locations of a planned series of events.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
timetable
en
term status
example
:my-timetable a fabio:Timetable ; dcterms:title 'Lessons' plan'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A schedule listing the times at which certain events, such as classes, meetings, or departures and arrivals, are intended to take place.'@en .

trial report
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/TrialReport

comment
The report of a trial, for example an experimental trial or a legal trial.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
trial report
en
example
:my-trial-report a fabio:TrialReport ; dcterms:title 'Report on Phase 3 experiments' results'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A report of a trial, typically a clinical trial of a drug or a medical procedure.'@en .
term status

triplestore
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Triplestore

comment
A database specifically designed for the storage and retrieval of Resource Description Framework (RDF) data consisting of subject-predicate-object triples. A triple store is queried using the RDF query language SPARQL.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
triplestore
en
example
:my-triplestore a fabio:Triplestore ; dcterms:title 'GraphDB instance for Project X'@en ; dcterms:description 'A purpose-built database for the storage and retrieval of triples through semantic queries.'@en .
term status

tweet
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Tweet

comment
A posting made on the social networking site X (formerly known as Twitter). A tweet is a text message limited to 140 characters in length, that is broadcast and readable by anyone who accesses X.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
tweet
en
example
:my-tweet a fabio:Tweet ; dcterms:title 'Post about AI'@en ; dcterms:description 'A short social media post made on the X microblogging service.'@en .
term status

uncontrolled vocabulary
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/UncontrolledVocabulary

comment
A non-defined collection of words and phrases relating to a particular domain of knowledge, usually added freely by a community, in which homonyms, synonyms and similar ambiguities of meaning present in natural language are not formally disambiguated.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
uncontrolled vocabulary
en
term status
example
:my-uncontrolled-vocabulary a fabio:UncontrolledVocabulary ; dcterms:title 'User folksonomy'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A collection of terms that are not part of a controlled vocabulary, such as a set of keywords chosen by a service's user community.'@en .

vocabulary
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Vocabulary

comment
A set of words, either constituting a language, or more specifically used to describe a particular domain of knowledge.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
vocabulary
en
term status
example
:my-vocabulary a fabio:Vocabulary ; dcterms:title 'Vocabulary of scientific terminology'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A collection of words or terms, often with their meanings, belonging to a particular language or field of knowledge.'@en .

vocabulary document
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/VocabularyDocument

comment
A document containing a vocabulary.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
vocabulary document
en
term status
example
:my-vocabulary-document a fabio:VocabularyDocument ; dcterms:title 'SKOS Simple Knowledge Organization System Reference'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-vocabulary ; dcterms:description 'A document that describes a vocabulary, such as a formal specification or a user guide.'@en .

vocabulary mapping
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/VocabularyMapping

comment
A mapping of correspondences between two vocabularies.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
vocabulary mapping
en
note
For controlled vocabularies, such mappings may be expressed using SKOS (http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/).
en
term status
example
:my-vocabulary-mapping a fabio:VocabularyMapping ; dcterms:title 'Semantic mapping between MeSH and LCSH'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A document describing the mapping between two vocabularies.'@en .

vocabulary mapping document
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/VocabularyMappingDocument

comment
A document containing a vocabulary mapping.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
vocabulary mapping document
en
example
:my-vocabulary-mapping-document a fabio:VocabularyMappingDocument ; dcterms:title 'Technical documentation on MeSH-LCSH mapping'@en ; frbr:realizationOf :my-vocabulary-mapping ; dcterms:description 'A document that describes a vocabulary mapping, such as a formal specification or a user guide.'@en .
term status

web archive
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WebArchive

comment
A snapshots of (part of) the World Wide Web.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
web archive
en
term status
example
:my-web-archive a fabio:WebArchive ; dcterms:title 'Wayback Machine'@en ; dcterms:description 'A collection of web pages and associated assets that have been preserved for future reference.'@en .

web content
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WebContent

comment
Information prepared specifically and primarily for manifestation in a web page, comprising text, images, datasets and/or other works.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
web content
en
term status
example
:my-web-content a fabio:WebContent ; dcterms:title 'Content of SPUK's home page'@en ; frbr:embodiment :my-web-manifestation ; dcterms:description 'A document or other resource that is delivered to a user over the World Wide Web.'@en .

web manifestation
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WebManifestation

comment
A digital manifestation on the Web, such as a wiki, a web site, a web page or a blog.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
web manifestation
en
example
:my-web-manifestation a fabio:WebManifestation ; dcterms:format 'text/html' ; frbr:embodimentOf :my-web-content ; dcterms:description 'A manifestation of an expression that is delivered over the World Wide Web.'@en .
term status

web page
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WebPage

comment
A Web manifestation usually identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), and made accessible to a user by means of the Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) in a Web browser window. Several interlinked web pages hosted together on a Web server and accessed through a single domain name or IP address constitute a web site.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
web page
en
example
:my-web-page a fabio:WebPage ; dcterms:title 'SPUK's index page'@en ; dcterms:publisher :github ; frbr:embodimentOf :my-web-content ; dcterms:description 'A document that is suitable for the World Wide Web and can be accessed through a web browser.'@en .
term status

web site
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WebSite

comment
A collection of related web pages containing text, images, videos and/or other digital assets that are addressed relative to a common Uniform Resource Locator (URL). A web site is hosted on at least one web server, accessible via a network such as the Internet or a private local area network.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
web site
en
term status
example
:my-web-site a fabio:WebSite ; dcterms:title 'Semantic Web Italian Portal'@en ; frbr:embodimentOf :my-web-content ; dcterms:description 'A collection of related web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that are addressed with a common domain name or IP address.'@en .

white paper
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WhitePaper

comment
An authoritative report or guide designed to educate readers and help people make decisions, or to explain technical problems and how to solve them. White papers are typically published by governments to propose new legislation for discussion, and by commercial companies to inform readers about products or services, as aids to marketing.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
white paper
en
term status
example
:my-white-paper a fabio:WhitePaper ; dcterms:title 'Evolution of decentralized networks'@en ; dcterms:description 'An authoritative report or guide that informs readers concisely about a complex issue and presents the issuing body's philosophy on the matter.'@en .

wiki
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Wiki

comment
A collaborative Web manifestation, usually maintained by a project team or group, providing easy-to-edit pages that can be used to accumulate related information for shared use by the group and/or publication.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
wiki
en
example
:my-wiki a fabio:Wiki ; dcterms:title 'Collaborative Wiki for Project X'@en ; frbr:embodimentOf :my-web-content ; dcterms:description 'A website that allows collaborative editing of its content and structure by its users.'@en .
term status

wiki entry
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WikiEntry

comment
Information manifested in a wiki.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
wiki entry
en
term status
example
:my-wiki-entry a fabio:WikiEntry ; dcterms:title 'Definition of Project X'@en ; dcterms:description 'A single article or page within a wiki.'@en .

wikipedia entry
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WikipediaEntry

comment
Information about a particular topic in one of the versions of Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia (http://www.wikipedia.org/).
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
wikipedia entry
en
example
:my-wiki-entry a fabio:WikiEntry ; dcterms:title 'Definition of Project X'@en ; dcterms:description 'A single article or page within a wiki.'@en .
term status

work
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Work

comment
A subclass of FRBR Work, restricted to works that are published or potentially publishable, and that contain or are referred to by bibliographic references, or entities used to define bibliographic references.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
( only and only )
label
work
en
note
FaBiO works, and their expressions and manifestations, are primarily textual publications such as books, magazines, newspapers and journals, and items of their content. However, they also include datasets, computer algorithms, experimental protocols, formal specifications and vocabularies, legal records, governmental papers, technical and commercial reports and similar publications, and also bibliographies, reference lists, library catalogues and similar collections. For this reason, `fabio:Work` is not an equivalent class to `frbr:ScholarlyWork`. An example of a `fabio:Work` is your latest research paper. A `fabio:Work` can only have part or be part of another `fabio:Work`. Moreover, it can be realized only by instances of `fabio:Expression`.
en
example
:my-work a fabio:Work ; dcterms:title 'Towards a new Semantic Web'@en ; frbr:realization :my-expression ; dcterms:description 'A conceptual endeavor as imagined by its creator.'@en .
term status

work
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#Work

comment
A distinct intellectual or artistic creation. A work is an abstract entity; there is no single material object one can point to as the work. We recognize the work through individual realizations or expressions of the work, but the work itself exists only in the commonality of content between and among the various expressions of the work. When we speak of Homer's Iliad as a work, our point of reference is not a particular recitation or text of the work, but the intellectual creation that lies behind all the various expressions of the work.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#
label
work
en

work collection
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WorkCollection

comment
A collection of works.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
work collection
en
example
:my-work-collection a fabio:WorkCollection ; dcterms:title 'John Doe's works'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; frbr:part :my-work, :my-another-work ; dcterms:description 'A collection of works, for example the 'complete works' of an author.'@en .
term status

work package
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WorkPackage

comment
A component of the case for support of a grant application, describing a particular aspect of the work to be undertaken.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
work package
en
term status
example
:my-work-package a fabio:WorkPackage ; dcterms:title 'Work Package 1'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A major building block of a project's work plan.'@en .

workflow
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/Workflow

comment
A recorded sequence of connected steps, which may be automated, specifying a reliably repeatable sequence of operations to be undertaken when conducting a particular job, for example an in silico investigation that extracts and processes information from a number of bioinformatics databases.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
workflow
en
term status
example
:my-workflow a fabio:Workflow ; dcterms:title 'Genomics data analysis workflow'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A sequence of connected steps, which may be automated, that are used to achieve a particular goal.'@en .

working paper
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WorkingPaper

comment
An unpublished paper, usually circulated privately among a small group of peers, to provide information or with a request for comments or editorial improvement.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
working paper
en
term status
example
:my-working-paper a fabio:WorkingPaper ; dcterms:title 'Preliminary analysis of new markets in 2026'@en ; dcterms:creator :john-doe ; dcterms:description 'A technical report or draft of a research paper that has not yet been published in a peer-reviewed journal.'@en .

workshop paper
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WorkshopPaper

comment
A paper, typically the realization of a research paper reporting original research findings, usually presented at a workshop and published within a workshop proceedings volume.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is sub concept of
label
workshop paper
en
term status
example
:my-workshop-paper a fabio:WorkshopPaper ; dcterms:title 'New perspectives for Linked Data analysis'@en ; dcterms:description 'A paper presented at a workshop and potentially published in the workshop proceedings.'@en .

workshop proceedings
c

back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/WorkshopProceedings

comment
A document containing the programme and collected workshop papers, or their abstracts, presented at a workshop or similar event.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
workshop proceedings
en
example
:my-workshop-proceedings a fabio:WorkshopProceedings ; dcterms:title 'Proceedings of the International Workshop on Linked Open Data 2026'@en ; frbr:part :my-workshop-paper ; dcterms:description 'A collection of papers presented at a workshop.'@en .
term status

Object Properties 31

has creator
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator

comment
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
label
has creator
en
example
:my-report a fabio:Report ; dcterms:creator :john-doe . :john-doe a foaf:Agent ; foaf:name 'John Doe' .
term status
note
Examples of a Creator include a person, an organization, or a service. Typically, the name of a creator should be used to indicate the entity.
en

has discipline
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasDiscipline

comment
The discipline to which a subject vocabulary belongs.
en
is sub property of
domain
is disjoint with
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is inverse of
label
has discipline
en
term status
example
:my-term-dictionary a fabio:TermDictionary ; fabio:hasDiscipline dbpedia:Computer_science , dbpedia:Law .

has embodiment
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#embodiment

comment
The manifestation that embodies an expression.
en
domain
is defined by
http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#
is inverse of
label
has embodiment
en
term status
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; frbr:embodiment :my-print-object , :my-digital-manifestation .

has exemplar
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#exemplar

comment
The item that exemplifies a manifestation.
en
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#
is inverse of
label
has exemplar
en
term status
example
:my-print-object a fabio:PrintObject ; frbr:exemplar :my-exemplar .

has format
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/format

comment
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
label
has format
en
example
:my-dataset a fabio:Dataset ; dcterms:format <http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/file-type/CSV> .
term status
note
Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the list of Internet Media Types.
en

has language
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/language

comment
A language of the resource.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
label
has language
en
note
Examples include written, spoken, sign, and computer languages. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as RFC 4646 (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4646.txt).
en
term status
example
:my-dataset a fabio:Dataset ; dcterms:language <http://lexvo.org/id/iso639-3/ita> .

has license
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/license

comment
A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
label
has license
en
example
:my-dataset a fabio:Dataset ; dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/> .
term status

has manifestation
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasManifestation

comment
The manifestation of a work.
en
is sub property of
domain
property chain
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is inverse of
label
has manifestation
en
term status
example
:my-research-paper a fabio:ResearchPaper ; fabio:hasManifestation :my-print-object .
note
This property is additional to the relationships between FRBR endeavours present in the classical FRBR data model.
en

has part
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#part

comment
An entity that is included in another entity.
en
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is inverse of
label
has part
en
example
:my-journal-issue a fabio:JournalIssue ; frbr:part :my-journal-article .
term status

has place of publication
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasPlaceOfPublication

comment
The place (usually, the city) where the publisher of a particular bibliographic resource is located.
en
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has place of publication
en
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; fabio:hasPlaceOfPublication :london .
term status

has portrayal
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasPortrayal

comment
The item of a work.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is inverse of
label
has portrayal
en
example
:my-research-paper a fabio:ResearchPaper; fabio:hasPortrayal :my-digital-item .
term status
note
This property is additional to the relationships between FRBR endeavours present in the classical FRBR data model.
en

has primary subject term
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasPrimarySubjectTerm

comment
A term in a particular classification system, considered one of the main topics for an endeavour.
en
is sub property of
domain
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has primary subject term
en
term status
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; fabio:hasPrimarySubjectTerm <http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D005806> .

has publisher
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher

comment
An entity responsible for making the resource available.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
label
has publisher
en
note
Examples of a publisher include a person, an organization, or a service. Typically, the name of a publisher should be used to indicate the entity.
en
term status
example
:my-paperback a fabio:Paperback ; dcterms:publisher :springer . :springer a foaf:Organization ; foaf:name 'Springer' .

has realization
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realization

comment
The expression that is a realization of a work.
en
domain
is defined by
http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#
is inverse of
label
has realization
en
example
:my-research-paper a fabio:ResearchPaper ; frbr:realization :my-journal-article .
term status

has related endeavour
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#relatedEndeavour

comment
Another endeavour that is related in some way to an endeavour.
en
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#
label
has related endeavour
en
term status

has representation
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasRepresentation

comment
The item of an expression.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
property chain
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is inverse of
label
has representation
en
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; fabio:hasRepresentation :my-digital-item .
note
This property is additional to the relationships between FRBR endeavours present in the classical FRBR data model.
en
term status

has rights
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/rights

comment
Information about rights held in and over the resource.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
label
has rights
en
note
Typically, rights information includes a statement about various property rights associated with the resource, including intellectual property rights.
en
example
:my-dataset a fabio:Dataset ; dcterms:rights <https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/> .
term status

has subject term
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasSubjectTerm

comment
A term in a particular classification system, related to an endeavour.
en
is sub property of
domain
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has subject term
en
example
:my-research-paper a fabio:ResearchPaper ; fabio:hasSubjectTerm :air-and-space-law , :computational-linguistics , :philosophy-of-law , :legal-aspects-of-computing , :artificial-intelligence-incl-robotics .
term status

is discipline of
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/isDisciplineOf

comment
The discipline belonging to a certain subject vocabulary.
en
is sub property of
is disjoint with
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is inverse of
label
is discipline of
en
term status
example
:my-concept a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel 'Ontology Engineering'@en ; fabio:isDisciplineOf :my-research-paper .

is embodiment of
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#embodimentOf

comment
The expression that is embodied by a manifestation.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is inverse of
label
is embodiment of
en
term status
example
:my-digital-manifestation a fabio:DigitalManifestation ; frbr:embodimentOf :my-expression .

is exemplar of
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#exemplarOf

comment
The manifestation that is exemplified by an item.
en
domain
is defined by
http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#
is inverse of
label
is exemplar of
en
term status
example
:my-item a fabio:Item ; frbr:exemplarOf :my-manifestation .

is in scheme
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#inScheme

comment
The concept scheme a concept is part of.
en
is sub property of
domain
is disjoint with
is defined by
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
is inverse of
label
is in scheme
en
term status
example
:my-subject-term a fabio:SubjectTerm ; skos:inScheme :my-concept-scheme .

is manifestation of
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/isManifestationOf

comment
The work of a manifestation.
en
is sub property of
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is inverse of
label
is manifestation of
en
example
:my-manifestation a fabio:Manifestation ; fabio:isManifestationOf :my-work .
term status
note
This property is additional to the relationships between FRBR endeavours present in the classical FRBR data model.
en

is part of
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#partOf

comment
An entity that includes another entity.
en
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is inverse of
label
is part of
en
term status
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; frbr:partOf :my-journal-issue .

is portrayal of
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/isPortrayalOf

comment
The work of an item.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is inverse of
label
is portrayal of
en
term status
note
This property is additional to the relationships between FRBR endeavours present in the classical FRBR data model.
en
example
:my-item a fabio:Item; fabio:isPortrayalOf :my-work .

is realization of
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#realizationOf

comment
The work that has been realized by an expression.
en
domain
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is inverse of
label
is realization of
en
term status
example
:my-audio-document a fabio:AudioDocument ; frbr:realizationOf :my-sound-recording .

is representation of
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/isRepresentationOf

comment
The expression of an item.
en
is sub property of
domain
property chain
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is inverse of
label
is representation of
en
term status
note
This property is additional to the relationships between FRBR endeavours present in the classical FRBR data model.
en
example
:my-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isRepresentationOf :my-expression .

is scheme of
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/isSchemeOf

comment
The concept contained in a concept scheme.
en
is sub property of
range
is disjoint with
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is inverse of
label
is scheme of
en
example
:my-concept-scheme a skos:ConceptScheme ; fabio:isSchemeOf :my-concept .
term status

is stored on
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/isStoredOn

comment
The medium upon which a given item is stored.
en
is sub property of
domain
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is inverse of
label
is stored on
en
term status
example
:my-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:floppy-disk .

stores
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/stores

comment
The item stored upon a given storage medium.
en
is sub property of
range
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
is inverse of
label
stores
en
example
:my-storage-medium a fabio:StorageMedium ; fabio:stores :my-item .
term status

top object property
op

back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#topObjectProperty

domain
range

Data Properties 67

has abstract
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/abstract

comment
The summary of a resource.
en
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
label
has abstract
en
term status
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; dcterms:abstract 'This article explores the new frontiers of ontologies applied to AI in 2026.'@en .

has acceptance date
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/dateAccepted

comment
The date of acceptance of a resource.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
date time
is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
label
has acceptance date
en
term status
note
Examples of entities to which a date accepted may be relevant are a thesis (accepted by a university examination board) or an article (accepted by a journal editor).
en
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; dcterms:dateAccepted '2026-04-28'^^xsd:date .

has access date
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasAccessDate

comment
The date on which a particular digital item, such as a PDF or an HTML file, has been accessed by somebody.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
date time
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has access date
en
example
:my-dataset a fabio:Dataset ; fabio:hasAccessDate '2026-04-29T09:41:00'^^xsd:dateTime .
term status

has alternate title
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/alternateTitle

comment
An alternative title for a resource.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/
label
has alternate title
en
term status
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; dcterms:title 'Advanced Semantic Mapping in 2026'@en ; prism:alternateTitle 'ASM 2026 Project Report'@en .

has ArXiv identifier
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasArXivId

comment
An identifier used by the preprint repository ArXiv.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has ArXiv identifier
en
see also
http://arxiv.org/
term status
example
:my-preprint a fabio:Preprint ; fabio:hasArXivId '2304.12345v1' .

has character count
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasCharacterCount

comment
The count of the number of characters in a textual resource.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
positive integer
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has character count
en
term status
example
:my-manuscript a fabio:Manuscript ; fabio:hasCharacterCount '15400'^^xsd:positiveInteger .

has CODEN
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasCODEN

comment
A six character, alphanumeric bibliographic identification code, that provides concise, unique and unambiguous identification of the titles of serials and non-serial publications.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has CODEN
en
see also
coden
example
:my-journal a fabio:Journal ; fabio:hasCODEN 'JBCHA3' .
term status

has copyright date
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/dateCopyrighted

comment
The date on which a resource has been copyrighted.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
date
is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
label
has copyright date
en
term status
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; dcterms:dateCopyrighted '2026-04-28'^^xsd:date .

has copyright year
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasCopyrightYear

comment
The year in which a resource has been copyrighted.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
g year
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has copyright year
en
term status
example
:my-preprint a fabio:Preprint ; fabio:hasCopyrightYear '2026'^^xsd:gYear .

has correction date
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasCorrectionDate

comment
The date on which something, for example a document, is corrected.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
date time
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has correction date
en
term status
example
:my-preprint a fabio:Preprint ; fabio:hasCorrectionDate '2026-04-29T00:00:00'^^xsd:dateTime .

has creation date
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/created

comment
The date on which a resource has been created.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
date time
is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
label
has creation date
en
term status
example
:my-report a fabio:Report ; dcterms:created '2026-04-28'^^xsd:date .

has date
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/date

comment
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of a resource.
en
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
label
has date
en
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; dcterms:date '2026-04-29'^^xsd:date .
note
Date may be used to express temporal information at any level of granularity. Recommended best practice is to use an encoding scheme, such as the W3CDTF profile of ISO 8601 (http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime).
en
term status

has date collected
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasDateCollected

comment
The date on which some item has been collected, for example the data gathered by means of questionnaires.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
date time
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has date collected
en
term status
example
:my-dataset a fabio:Dataset ; fabio:hasDateCollected '2026-04-29T00:00:00'^^xsd:dateTime .

has date last updated
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/dateLastUpdated

comment
The date on which a particular endeavour, such as an ontology, was last updated.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
date time
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has date last updated
en
term status
example
:my-dataset a fabio:Dataset ; fabio:dateLastUpdated '2026-04-29T09:00:00'^^xsd:dateTime .

has date received
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasDateReceived

comment
The date on which some item is received, for example a document being received by a publisher.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
date time
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has date received
en
term status
example
:my-dataset a fabio:Dataset ; fabio:hasDateReceived '2026-04-28T00:00:00'^^xsd:dateTime .

has deadline
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasDeadline

comment
The date by which something has to be done.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
date time
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has deadline
en
example
:my-call-for-applications a fabio:CallForApplications ; fabio:hasDeadline '2026-06-30T23:59:59Z'^^xsd:dateTime .
term status

has decision date
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasDecisionDate

comment
The date on which a particular endeavour, such as a grant application, has been or will be approved or rejected by somebody.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
date time
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has decision date
en
example
:my-call-for-applications a fabio:CallForApplications ; fabio:hasDecisionDate '2026-07-15T23:59:59Z'^^xsd:dateTime .
term status

has deposit date
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasDepositDate

comment
The date on which a resource has been deposited, for example in a library, repository, supplementary information archive, database or similar place of document or information storage.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
date time
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has deposit date
en
term status
example
:my-preprint a fabio:Preprint ; fabio:hasDepositDate '2026-04-28T00:00:00Z'^^xsd:dateTime .

has distribution date
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasDistributionDate

comment
The date on which something is distributed, for example the date on which a preprint of a document is e-mailed to colleagues and other academics by the author(s), or the date on which a printed announcement of forthcoming theatre events is mailed to those those on the theatre's mailing list.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
date time
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has distribution date
en
example
:my-preprint a fabio:Preprint ; fabio:hasDistributionDate '2026-04-27T00:00:00Z'^^xsd:dateTime .
term status

has DOI
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/doi

comment
A Digital Object Identifier for a serial publication item, a dataset or some other entity.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/
label
has DOI
en,
has Digital Object Identifier
en
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; prism:doi '10.1007/s10506-007-9036-2' .
term status

has edition
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/edition

comment
An identifier for one of several alternative issues of a magazine, a book or other resource.
en
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/
label
has edition
en
term status
example
:my-book-2026 a fabio:Book ; prism:edition '3rd Revised Edition' .

has eISSN
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/eIssn

comment
An International Standard Serial Number, ISSN, for electronic versions of serial publications.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/
label
has eISSN
en,
has electronic International Standard Serial Number
en
term status
example
:my-journal a fabio:Journal ; prism:elssn '8765-4321' .

has electronic article identifier
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasElectronicArticleIdentifier

comment
A local identifier for an article within an electronic (i.e. on line, in HTML format) periodical issue. Use in preference to `prism:startingPage` when the article lacks page numbers
en
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has electronic article identifier
en
term status
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; fabio:hasElectronicArticleIdentifier 'e12345' .

has embargo date
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasEmbargoDate

comment
The date before which a resource should not be published, or before which a press release should not be reported on.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
date time
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has embargo date
en
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; fabio:hasEmbargoDate '2026-04-28T00:00:00'^^xsd:dateTime .
term status
note
For open-access journal articles, the embargo date is the date before which availability of the open-access version of the article is restricted by the publisher, following subscription-access availability of the published work. The duration of the embargo period can be specified by `fabio:hasEmbargoDuration`.
en

has embargo period
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasEmbargoDuration

comment
The time period for which a resource is embargoed. During this period, the entity should not be published or, in the case of a press release, should not be reported on.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has embargo period
en
term status
note
For open-access journal articles, the embargo duration specifies that period of time during which availability of the open-access version of the article is delayed by the publisher, following subscription-access availability of the published work. The end of the embargo period can be specified by `fabio:hasEmbargoDate`.
en
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; fabio:hasEmbargoDuration '2026-04-28T00:00:00/2026-04-29T00:00:00'^^xsd:dateTime .

has ending page
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/endingPage

comment
The last page of a resource.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/
label
has ending page
en
term status
example
:my-print-object a fabio:PrintObject ; prism:endingPage '186' .

has handle
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasHandle

comment
A persistent identifier of the Handle system for digital objects and other resources on the Internet.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
string
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has handle
en
see also
http://www.handle.net/
term status
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; fabio:hasHandle '20.500.12345/6789' .

has identifier
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/identifier

comment
A unique and unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.
en
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
label
has identifier
en
term status
note
Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system.
en
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; dcterms:identifier 'doi:10.1000/182' .

has International Standard Serial Number
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/issn

comment
The International Standard Serial Number, ISSN, an identifier for serial publications.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/
label
has ISSN
en,
has International Standard Serial Number
en
see also
http://www.issn.org/
term status
example
:my-journal a fabio:Journal ; prism:issn '1570-8268' .

has ISBN
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/isbn

comment
The International Standard Book Number, ISBN, used to identify published books or, more rarely, journal issues.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/
label
has ISBN
en,
has International Standard Book Number
en
example
:my-book a fabio:Book ; prism:isbn '978-3-16-148410-0' .
term status

has ISSN-L
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasIssnL

comment
A linking International Standard Serial Number.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has ISSN-L
en
see also
http://www.issn.org/
term status
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; fabio:hasIssnL '1234-5678' .

has issue date
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/issued

comment
The date of formal issuance of a resource (e.g. a publication or a patent).
en
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
label
has issue date
en
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; dcterms:issued '2026-04-29'^^xsd:date .
term status

has issue identifier
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/issueIdentifier

comment
An identifier used to identify a specific issue of a magazine, a journal or other resource.
en
has Characteristics
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/
label
has issue identifier
en
term status
example
:my-journal-issue a fabio:JournalIssue ; prism:issueIdentifier '2' .

has keyword
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/keyword

comment
A keyword associated with a reosurce, that is likely to be used in search queries.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/
label
has keyword
en
example
:my-research-paper a fabio:ResearchPaper ; prism:keyword 'legal ontologies' , 'methodology' , 'ontology modeling' , 'professional knowledge' , 'rhetorical structure theory' .
term status

has modification date
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/modified

comment
The date on which a resource has been modified.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
date time
is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
label
has modification date
en
term status
example
:my-dataset a fabio:Dataset ; dcterms:modified '2026-04-28T20:00:00'^^xsd:dateTime .

has National Library of Medicine journal identifier
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasNationalLibraryOfMedicineJournalId

comment
An internal identifier for journals available from the National Library of Medicine repository.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
pattern restricted by [0-9]+
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has National Library of Medicine journal identifier
en
see also
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/
term status
example
:my-journal a fabio:Journal ; fabio:hasNationalLibraryOfMedicineJournalId '9604648' .

has National Library of Medicine journal title abbreviation
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasNLMJournalTitleAbbreviation

comment
An internal identifier for the abbreviation of the title of journals available from the National Library of Medicine repository.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
string
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has National Library of Medicine journal title abbreviation
en
term status
example
:my-journal a fabio:Journal ; fabio:hasNLMJournalTitleAbbreviation 'J Biomed Inform' .

has page count
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasPageCount

comment
The count of the number of pages in a textual resource.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
positive integer
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has page count
en
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; fabio:hasPageCount '35'^^xsd:positiveInteger .
term status

has page range
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/pageRange

comment
The page range of a resource.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/
label
has page range
en
term status
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; prism:pageRange '145-162' .

has patent number
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasPatentNumber

comment
A unique identifying number issued by a patent authority to identify a patent, displayed at the beginning of the patent document.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has patent number
en
term status
example
:my-patent a fabio:Patent ; fabio:hasPatentNumber 'US1234567B2' .

has PII
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasPII

comment
A unique identifier used by several scientific journal publishers to identify resources.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has PII
en
see also
publisher item identifier
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; fabio:hasPII 'S0169-7161(26)00123-4' .
term status

has publication date
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/publicationDate

comment
The date on which a resource is published or disclosed.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
(
date
or
g year
or
g year month
)
is defined by
http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/
label
has publication date
en
term status
note
The date can be expressed in three different formats: - yyyy-mm-dd (i.e., xsd:date) - yyyy-mm (i.e., xsd:gYearMonth) - yyyy (i.e., xsd:gYear)
en
example
:my-paperback a fabio:Paperback ; prism:publicationDate '2007-06'^^xsd:gYearMonth .

has publication year
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasPublicationYear

comment
The year in which a resource is published.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
g year
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has publication year
en
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; fabio:hasPublicationYear '2007'^^xsd:gYear .
term status

has PubMed Central identifier
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasPubMedCentralId

comment
An identifier for bibliographic entities hosted by the PubMed Central repository.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
string
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has PubMed Central identifier
en
see also
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; fabio:hasPubMedCentralId 'PMC1234567' .
term status

has PubMed identifier
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasPubMedId

comment
An identifier for bibliographic records held by the PubMed repository.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
string
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has PubMed identifier
en
see also
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; fabio:hasPubMedId '34567890' .
term status

has request date
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasRequestDate

comment
The date on which an agent is requested to do something, for example a reviewer is requested to write a review of a paper submitted to a journal for publication, or an author is requested to supply a revised version of the paper in response to the reviews received.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has request date
en
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; fabio:hasRequestDate '2026-05-15'^^xsd:date .
term status

has retraction date
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasRetractionDate

comment
The date on which something, for example a claim or a journal article, is retracted.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
date time
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has retraction date
en
term status
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; fabio:hasRetractionDate '2026-10-29'^^xsd:date .

has season
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasSeason

comment
The season of a year, for example spring, summer, autumn and winter in British English.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has season
en
term status
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; fabio:hasSeason 'spring' .

has section
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/section

comment
The name or identifier of the section or part of a resource.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/
label
has section
en
note
Examples include Part 2 of Issue 6 of Volume 127 of the Journal of Cell Biology, or the Travel Section of a newspaper issue.
en
example
:my-news-article a fabio:NewsArticle ; prism:section 'Technology and Research' .
term status

has sequence identifier
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasSequenceIdentifier

comment
A literal (for example a number or a letter) that identifies the sequence position of a work within a particular context, for example a book in a book series, a chapter in a document, a volume in a journal.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has sequence identifier
en
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; fabio:hasSequenceIdentifier '1' .
term status

has short title
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasShortTitle

comment
A short version of the title of a resource, typically used to label or refer to a particular entity in an abbreviated form, for example an abbreviated journal title in a reference, or a short title of a document used as the running title in a page header.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
string
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has short title
en
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; fabio:hasShortTitle 'IWS' .
term status

has SICI
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasSICI

comment
A code used to uniquely identify specific volumes, articles or other identifiable parts of a periodical. It is intended primarily for use by those members of the bibliographic community involved in the use or management of serial titles and their contributions.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
string
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has SICI
en,
has Serial Item and Contribution Identifier
en
see also
details.php?project id=75
term status
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; fabio:hasSICI '0015-6914(199612)18:12<12:SIAI>2.0.TX;2-B' .

has standard number
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasStandardNumber

comment
The number defining an international standard, for example Z39.96 - 201x, identifying NISO JATS, the Journal Article Tag Suite.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has standard number
en
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; fabio:hasStandardNumber 'ISO 9001:2015' .
term status

has starting page
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/startingPage

comment
The first page of a resource.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/
label
has starting page
en
term status
example
:my-print-object a fabio:PrintObject ; prism:startingPage '171' .

has submission date
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/dateSubmitted

comment
The date on which a resource has been submitted.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
date time
is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
label
has submission date
en
term status
note
Examples of resources to which a date submitted may be relevant are a thesis (submitted to a university department), a grant application (submitted to a funding agency) or an article (submitted to a journal).
en
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; dcterms:dateSubmitted '2026-04-28T00:00:00'^^xsd:dateTime .

has subtitle
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasSubtitle

comment
A secondary title that follows the main title of a work.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
string
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has subtitle
en
term status
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; fabio:hasSubtitle 'Practical Guide to Ontologies and Linked Data'@en .

has title
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/title

comment
A name given to a resource. Typically, the title will be the name by which the resource is formally known.
en
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
label
has title
en
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; dcterms:title 'OPJK and DILIGENT: ontology modeling in a distributed environment'@en .
term status

has translated subtitle
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasTranslatedSubtitle

comment
A version of the subtitle of a resource translated into another language.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has translated subtitle
en
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; fabio:hasTranslatedSubtitle 'Guida pratica alle ontologie e ai Linked Data'@it .
note
The language may be specified using the object property `dcterms:language`.
en
term status

has translated title
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasTranslatedTitle

comment
A version of the title of a resource translated into another language.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has translated title
en
note
The language may be specified using the object property `dcterms:language`.
en
term status
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; fabio:hasTranslatedTitle 'Il Web Semantico'@it .

has URL
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasURL

comment
An identifier, in form of an HTTP Universal Resource Locator (URL), for a particular resource on the World Wide Web.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
any uri
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has URL
en
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; fabio:hasURL 'https://www.example.org/articles/intro-semantic-web'^^xsd:anyURI .
term status

has validity date
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/valid

comment
The date (often a range) of validity of a resource.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
date time
is defined by
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
label
has validity date
en
term status
example
:my-dataset a fabio:Dataset ; dcterms:valid '2026-04-28T20:00:00/2036-04-28T23:59:59'^^xsd:dateTime .

has version identifier
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/versionIdentifier

comment
An identifier for a version of a resource.
en
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/
label
has version identifier
term status
example
:my-technical-report a fabio:TechnicalReport ; prism:versionIdentifier '2.1.4' .

has volume count
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hasVolumeCount

comment
The count of the number of volumes a work includes.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
non negative integer
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
has volume count
en
term status
example
:my-book-series a fabio:BookSeries ; fabio:hasVolumeCount '12'^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger .

has volume identifier
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/volume

comment
An identifier for a particular volume of a resource.
en
has Characteristics
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/
label
has volume identifier
en
example
:my-journal-volume a fabio:JournalVolume ; prism:volume '15' .
term status

has word count
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/wordCount

comment
The count of the number of words in a resource.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
positive integer
is defined by
http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/
label
has word count
en
term status
example
:my-journal-article a fabio:JournalArticle ; prism:wordCount '1250' .

top data property
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#topDataProperty

domain
range
literal

uses calendar
dp

back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/usesCalendar

comment
The calendar system used to specify a date, for example the Chinese, Gregorian, Hebrew, Islamic or Lunar calendar.
en
has Characteristics
is sub property of
domain
range
literal
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
uses calendar
en
example
:my-work a fabio:Work ; fabio:usesCalendar 'lunar' .
term status

Named Individuals 15

analog magnetic tape
ni

back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/analog-magnetic-tape

comment
An analog medium for magnetic recording of audio and video information, made of a thin magnetizable coating on a long, narrow plastic tape, typically wound on a spool.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
analog magnetic tape
en
example
:my-fabio-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:analog-magnetic-tape .
term status

cloud
ni

back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/cloud

comment
A distributed and commoditized Internet-based computing resource, whereby shared services, software programs, and information storage facilities are provided to computers and other devices on demand, at locations of which the user may be unaware, like the electricity grid.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
cloud
term status
example
:my-fabio-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:cloud .

compact disk
ni

back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/cd

comment
A non-rewritable optical disc used to store digital data.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
CD
en,
compact disk
en
example
:my-fabio-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:cd .
term status

digital magnetic tape
ni

back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/digital-magnetic-tape

comment
A rewritable digital medium for magnetic recording of audio, video and other data, made of a thin magnetizable coating on a long, narrow strip of plastic, usually wound on a spool.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
digital magnetic tape
en
example
:my-fabio-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:digital-magnetic-tape .
term status

digital video disc
ni

back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/dvd

comment
A non-rewritable optical disc storage medium resembling a compact disc (CD), usually used for video and data storage. A DVD has the same physical dimensions as a CD, but is capable of storing more than six times as much data.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
DVD
digital versatile disc
en,
digital video disc
en
example
:my-fabio-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:dvd .
term status

film
ni

back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/film

comment
A thin flexible strip of plastic or other material coated with light-sensitive emulsion upon which images can be recorded, typically using a camera, usually used to record photographic images or motion pictures.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
film
en
example
:my-fabio-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:film .
term status

floppy disk
ni

back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/floppy-disk

comment
A rewritable data storage medium that is composed of a disk of thin, flexible (floppy) magnetic storage medium encased in a square or rectangular plastic shell. Data are encoded magnetically by a read/write head that float on a cushion of air in close proximity to the surface of the rotated disk.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
floppy disk
en
example
:my-fabio-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:floppy-disk .
term status

HD
ni

back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/hard-drive

comment
A non-volatile storage device for digital data, composed of one or more rigid discs (platters) mounted side by side on a motor-driven spindle within a metal case. Data are encoded magnetically by read/write heads that float on cushions of air in close proximity to the surfaces of the rotated platters.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
HD
en,
hard drive
en
term status
example
:my-fabio-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:hard-drive .

internet
ni

back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/internet

comment
A global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. The internet connects millions of private, public, academic, business and governmental computers, that are individually attached to local networks linked together by a broad array of electronic, radio and optical networking technologies to form the internet.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
internet
en
term status
example
:my-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:internet .

intranet
ni

back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/intranet

comment
A private computer network, unconnected to the internet or separated from it by a firewall, that uses a network operating system and Internet Protocol technologies to permit an organization's information to be shared securely within that organization.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
intranet
example
:my-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:intranet .
term status

paper
ni

back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/paper

comment
A thin flat material, typically made from wood pulp, mainly used for writing upon, for printing upon or for packaging.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
paper
example
:my-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:paper .
term status

random access memory
ni

back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/ram

comment
Abbreviation of Random Access Memory. A form of rewritable computer data storage that takes the form of integrated circuits that allow data to be stored and accessed in any order (i.e. at random), thereby achieving greater speed than for access of data stored in linear form on digital magnetic tape.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
RAM
en,
random access memory
en
term status
example
:my-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:ram .

solid state memory
ni

back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/solid-state-memory

comment
A digital storage device built entirely from solid electronic materials with no moving parts, e.g. a USB flash drive.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
solid state memory
en
term status
example
:my-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:solid-state-memory .

vinyl disk
ni

back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/vinyl-disk

comment
An analog sound storage medium consisting of a flat disc made of moulded vinyl plastic with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
vinyl disk
en
example
:my-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:vinyl .
term status

World Wide Web
ni

back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/fabio/web

comment
A system of interlinked hypertext documents written in HTML and accessed using the HTTP protocol via the Internet.
en
is defined by
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
label
World Wide Web
en
example
:my-item a fabio:Item ; fabio:isStoredOn fabio:web .
term status

Annotation Properties 27

bibliographic citation
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/bibliographicCitation

code repository
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/codeRepository

comment
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment

contributor
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor

creator
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/creator

date
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/date

description
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description

description
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/description

doi
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/doi

editorial note
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#editorialNote

example
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/vann/example

image
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/image

included in data catalog
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/includedInDataCatalog

keywords
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://schema.org/keywords

label
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label

logo
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/logo

note
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note

preferred namespace prefix
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespacePrefix

preferred namespace uri
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/vocab/vann/preferredNamespaceUri

rationale
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.linkedmodel.org/schema/vaem#rationale

rights
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/rights

see also
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#seeAlso

source
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/source

status
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status

term status
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status

title
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title

version info
ap

back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#versionInfo

Namespace Declarations back to ToC

bibo
http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/
brick
https://brickschema.org/schema/Brick#
csvw
http://www.w3.org/ns/csvw#
dc
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
dcam
http://purl.org/dc/dcam/
dcat
http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#
dcmitype
http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/
dcterms
http://purl.org/dc/terms/
doap
http://usefulinc.com/ns/doap#
fabio
http://purl.org/spar/fabio/
foaf
http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/
frbr
http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#
geo
http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#
odrl
http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/
org
http://www.w3.org/ns/org#
owl
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
prism
http://prismstandard.org/namespaces/basic/2.0/
prof
http://www.w3.org/ns/dx/prof/
prov
http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#
qb
http://purl.org/linked-data/cube#
rdf
http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
rdfs
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#
reg
http://purl.org/linked-data/registry#
schema
https://schema.org/
sh
http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#
skos
http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#
sosa
http://www.w3.org/ns/sosa/
ssn
http://www.w3.org/ns/ssn/
time
http://www.w3.org/2006/time#
vaem
http://www.linkedmodel.org/schema/vaem#
vann
http://purl.org/vocab/vann/
void
http://rdfs.org/ns/void#
vs
http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#
wgs
https://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#
xml
http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace
xsd
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#