identifier

http://purl.org/spar/datacite/Identifier

as defined in The FAIR Reviews Ontology (FR)

bibliographic citation: Idafen Santana Pérez, María Poveda Villalón. The FAIR Review Ontology. Revision: 2.0.0. http://purl.org/spar/fr.
changes: * **v2.0.0**: Added new documentation, including annotation properties (e.g., `bibo:doi`, `schema:codeRepository`, etc.), term properties (e.g., `vann:example`, `vs:term_status`, etc.), exemplary competency questions with their respective SPARQL queries, and a Grafoo diagram. Added the additional classes and properties from external ontologies. Replaced `fr:ratingValue` with `bido:hasRatingValue`, given they were identical in their implementation and the latter already existed. Replaced `skos:inScheme` with `bido:isDefinedIn`, given it is its subproperty that is appliable to categorical bibliometric data, such as in this case.
code repository: https://github.com/SPAROntologies/fr
contributor: Silvio Peroni (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-4305)
Sebastian Barzaghi (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-1527)
created: 2017-09-01
creator: María Poveda Villalón (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3587-0367)
Idafen Santana Pérez (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8296-8629)
date: 2026-08-14
description: The **_FAIR Reviews Ontology (FR)_** defines a set of classes, properties and axioms, for describing research reviews as semantic objects, reusing standard existing vocabularies using ontology engineering techniques. Besides defining its own classes and properties, FR reuses many ontological elements drawn from existing ontologies such as [FaBiO](http://purl.org/spar/fabio/), [BiDO](http://purl.org/spar/bido), [DataCite](http://purl.org/spar/datacite/) from the SPAR Ontologies, and others like [ODRL](https://www.w3.org/community/odrl/), [FOAF](http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/), [SKOS](http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#) or the [Lexvo Ontology](http://lexvo.org/ontology). ![The architecture of FR.](fr.png) It is used to annotate http://fairreviews.linkeddata.es/ data. ## Examples of use In the following subsections, we introduce some examples to showcase how to use FR. The prefixes that are used in all the examples provided below are defined as follows: @prefix fr: <http://purl.org/spar/fr/> . @prefix bido: <http://purl.org/spar/bido/> . @prefix cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/> . @prefix fr: <http://purl.org/spar/fr/> . @prefix fabio: <http://purl.org/spar/fabio/> . @prefix c4o: <http://purl.org/spar/c4o/> . @prefix datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/> . @prefix literal: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2010/06/literalreification/> . @prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> . ### Describing a workshop review FR can be used to describe any kind of research review, such as a workshop review. More precisely, the example represents the instantiation of the model for an existing review issued for the _SemSci2017_ workshop. The original review is [available as plain text online](https://semsci.github.io/semSci2017/openReview/Paper2Reviews.txt). <https://w3id.org/fr/resource/paper/1> a fabio:ConferencePaper ; fabio:hasURL "http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1931/paper-01.pdf"^^xsd:anyURI . <https://w3id.org/fr/resource/pid/1> a datacite:PersonalIdentifier ; datacite:usesIdentifierScheme datacite:orcid ; literal:hasLiteralValue "0000-0001-8296-8629" . <https://w3id.org/fr/resource/review/1> a fabio:Review ; frbr:realization <https://w3id.org/fr/resource/rev/1> . <https://w3id.org/fr/resource/rev/1> a fr:ReviewVersion ; frbr:creator <http://w3id.org/people/idafensp> ; dcterms:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/eng> ; dcterms:license <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0> ; fr:hasRating bido:sa-sr-bl-wacc ; fr:hasReviewerConfidence bido:acl-1-5-acl4 ; cito:reviews <https://w3id.org/fr/resource/paper/1> ; fr:issuedAt <https://easychair.org> ; fr:issuedFor <https://semsci.github.io/semSci2017> ; fr:releasedBy <https://semsci.github.io/semSci2017> ; dcterms:issued "2017-08-22"^^xsd:date ; c4o:hasContent """The paper introduces SMS, a platform for for data integration in the context of STI. The paper is general well written, proposing an interesting contribution as well as sufficient evidences, in the form of pointers to online resources, to support its claims. It is not clear though which is the research question being targeted in this paper. The paper elaborates on the features of the SMS platform, including its models and its applications, but lacks to provide insights on the novelty of the approach and how it compares to others. Also, authors could consider adding some narrative to section 3, or even better, try to include those use cases as part of the descriptions of the SMS platform along section 2. As a minor comment, the abstract and the first paragraph of section 1 are almost identical. Authors should consider removing or rephrasing them."""^^rdfs:Literal . ## Competency Questions FR can be used for answering several questions related to research reviews characteristics. In the following subsections, some of them are introduced together with their respective SPARQL queries. The prefixes that are used in all the SPARQL queries provided below are defined as follows: PREFIX fr: <http://purl.org/spar/fr/> PREFIX c4o: <http://purl.org/spar/c4o/> PREFIX cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/> PREFIX dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> PREFIX fabio: <http://purl.org/spar/fabio/> PREFIX frbr: <http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#> ### CQ1 Which document is reviewed by a specific review version, and who is its creator? SELECT ?reviewVersion ?paper ?creator WHERE { ?reviewVersion a fr:ReviewVersion ; cito:reviews ?paper . OPTIONAL { ?reviewVersion frbr:creator ?creator . } } ### CQ2 What rating and reviewer confidence score are assigned to a review version? SELECT ?reviewVersion ?rating ?confidence WHERE { ?reviewVersion a fr:ReviewVersion ; fr:hasRating ?rating . OPTIONAL { ?reviewVersion fr:hasReviewerConfidence ?confidence . } } ### CQ3 At which platform was a review version issued, and for which venue or event was it issued? SELECT ?reviewVersion ?platform ?venue WHERE { ?reviewVersion a fr:ReviewVersion ; fr:issuedAt ?platform . OPTIONAL { ?reviewVersion fr:issuedFor ?venue . } } ### CQ4 Which agent or entity released a review version, and on what date was it issued? SELECT ?reviewVersion ?releasingEntity ?issueDate WHERE { ?reviewVersion a fr:ReviewVersion ; fr:releasedBy ?releasingEntity . OPTIONAL { ?reviewVersion dcterms:issued ?issueDate . } } ### CQ5 What is the full review version of a review, including its textual content and license? SELECT ?review ?reviewVersion ?content ?license WHERE { ?review a fabio:Review ; frbr:realization ?reviewVersion . ?reviewVersion a fr:ReviewVersion . OPTIONAL { ?reviewVersion c4o:hasContent ?content . } OPTIONAL { ?reviewVersion dcterms:license ?license . } }
doi: https://doi.org/10.25504/FAIRsharing.e7e609
image: https://github.com/SPAROntologies/fr/blob/master/docs/current/fr.png
imports: http://purl.org/spar/datacite
included in data catalog: https://fairsharing.org/
is backward compatible with: http://purl.org/spar/fr/2017-09-01
issued: 2017-11-07
keywords: scientometrics
semantic publishing
bibliometrics
scholarly reviews
scholarly publishing
license: http://purl.org/NET/rdflicense/cc-by4.0
logo: https://github.com/SPAROntologies/fr/blob/master/spar.png
modified: 2026-08-14
preferred namespace prefix: fr
preferred namespace uri: http://purl.org/spar/fr
prior version: http://purl.org/spar/fr/2017-09-01
publisher: http://www.oeg-upm.net/
see also: http://www.sparontologies.net/ontologies/fr
source: https://github.com/SPAROntologies/fr/blob/master/docs/cq.md
status: http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/status/published
title: The FAIR Reviews Ontology (FR)
version: http://purl.org/spar/fr/2026-08-14
version info: 2.0.0
Other visualisation: WebVOWL Source

Export: Turtle RDF/XML JSON-LD N-Triples

identifier
^c

IRI: http://purl.org/spar/datacite/Identifier

comment

An identifier that uniquely identities an entity, such as a funding agency, a person or a resource.

^en

is defined by

http://purl.org/spar/datacite/

exactly 1

thing^c

inverse of

has identifier^op

exactly 1

thing^c

literal^c

label

identifier

^en

@prefix datacite: <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/> .
@prefix literal: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2010/06/literalreification/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

datacite:Identifier a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:label "identifier"@en ;
    rdfs:comment "An identifier that uniquely identities an entity, such as a funding agency, a person or a resource."@en ;
    rdfs:isDefinedBy datacite: ;
    rdfs:subClassOf [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:onClass datacite:IdentifierScheme ;
            owl:onProperty datacite:usesIdentifierScheme ;
            owl:qualifiedCardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ],
        [ a owl:Restriction ;
            owl:cardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
            owl:onProperty [ owl:inverseOf datacite:hasIdentifier ] ],
        literal:Literal .

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<rdf:RDF
   xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#"
   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
   xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
>
  <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n9816a97a4adb4b7390cc043208e0097fb1">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction"/>
    <owl:onClass rdf:resource="http://purl.org/spar/datacite/IdentifierScheme"/>
    <owl:onProperty rdf:resource="http://purl.org/spar/datacite/usesIdentifierScheme"/>
    <owl:qualifiedCardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:qualifiedCardinality>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://purl.org/spar/datacite/Identifier">
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="http://www.essepuntato.it/2010/06/literalreification/Literal"/>
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:nodeID="n9816a97a4adb4b7390cc043208e0097fb1"/>
    <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:nodeID="n9816a97a4adb4b7390cc043208e0097fb2"/>
    <rdfs:isDefinedBy rdf:resource="http://purl.org/spar/datacite/"/>
    <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">identifier</rdfs:label>
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"/>
    <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">An identifier that uniquely identities an entity, such as a funding agency, a person or a resource.</rdfs:comment>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n9816a97a4adb4b7390cc043208e0097fb2">
    <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction"/>
    <owl:cardinality rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger">1</owl:cardinality>
    <owl:onProperty rdf:nodeID="n9816a97a4adb4b7390cc043208e0097fb3"/>
  </rdf:Description>
  <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="n9816a97a4adb4b7390cc043208e0097fb3">
    <owl:inverseOf rdf:resource="http://purl.org/spar/datacite/hasIdentifier"/>
  </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>

[
  {
    "@id": "http://purl.org/spar/datacite/Identifier",
    "@type": [
      "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"
    ],
    "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment": [
      {
        "@language": "en",
        "@value": "An identifier that uniquely identities an entity, such as a funding agency, a person or a resource."
      }
    ],
    "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
      {
        "@id": "http://purl.org/spar/datacite/"
      }
    ],
    "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [
      {
        "@language": "en",
        "@value": "identifier"
      }
    ],
    "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf": [
      {
        "@id": "http://www.essepuntato.it/2010/06/literalreification/Literal"
      },
      {
        "@id": "_:n9816a97a4adb4b7390cc043208e0097fb1"
      },
      {
        "@id": "_:n9816a97a4adb4b7390cc043208e0097fb2"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "@id": "_:n9816a97a4adb4b7390cc043208e0097fb1",
    "@type": [
      "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction"
    ],
    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onClass": [
      {
        "@id": "http://purl.org/spar/datacite/IdentifierScheme"
      }
    ],
    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty": [
      {
        "@id": "http://purl.org/spar/datacite/usesIdentifierScheme"
      }
    ],
    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#qualifiedCardinality": [
      {
        "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger",
        "@value": "1"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "@id": "_:n9816a97a4adb4b7390cc043208e0097fb2",
    "@type": [
      "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction"
    ],
    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#cardinality": [
      {
        "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger",
        "@value": "1"
      }
    ],
    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty": [
      {
        "@id": "_:n9816a97a4adb4b7390cc043208e0097fb3"
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    "@id": "_:n9816a97a4adb4b7390cc043208e0097fb3",
    "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#inverseOf": [
      {
        "@id": "http://purl.org/spar/datacite/hasIdentifier"
      }
    ]
  }
]

_:n9816a97a4adb4b7390cc043208e0097fb1 <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty> <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/usesIdentifierScheme> .
<http://purl.org/spar/datacite/Identifier> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.essepuntato.it/2010/06/literalreification/Literal> .
_:n9816a97a4adb4b7390cc043208e0097fb1 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction> .
<http://purl.org/spar/datacite/Identifier> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy> <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/> .
_:n9816a97a4adb4b7390cc043208e0097fb1 <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onClass> <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/IdentifierScheme> .
_:n9816a97a4adb4b7390cc043208e0097fb2 <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty> _:n9816a97a4adb4b7390cc043208e0097fb3 .
<http://purl.org/spar/datacite/Identifier> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> _:n9816a97a4adb4b7390cc043208e0097fb1 .
_:n9816a97a4adb4b7390cc043208e0097fb1 <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#qualifiedCardinality> "1"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger> .
<http://purl.org/spar/datacite/Identifier> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> _:n9816a97a4adb4b7390cc043208e0097fb2 .
_:n9816a97a4adb4b7390cc043208e0097fb3 <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#inverseOf> <http://purl.org/spar/datacite/hasIdentifier> .
<http://purl.org/spar/datacite/Identifier> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "identifier"@en .
_:n9816a97a4adb4b7390cc043208e0097fb2 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction> .
<http://purl.org/spar/datacite/Identifier> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> .
<http://purl.org/spar/datacite/Identifier> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "An identifier that uniquely identities an entity, such as a funding agency, a person or a resource."@en .
_:n9816a97a4adb4b7390cc043208e0097fb2 <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#cardinality> "1"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger> .

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identifier

identifier c

comment

is defined by

is in domain of

is in range of

is sub concept of

label

RDF provenance

identifier
^c