has start date The start date of something, such as a project. :my-project frapo:hasStartDate "2026-01-01T00:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime . is fee or free The specification whether participation in an event is free, or requires payment of a fee. :my-conference frapo:feeOrFree "fee" . provides fraction of total funding The relation between funding and a budget, specifying what fraction of the total budget is provided by that source of funding. :my-funding a frapo:Funding ; frapo:providesFractionOfTotalFunding :my-budget . :my-budget a frapo:Budget . has ORCID An individual's Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID), an alphanumeric identifier for individual scholars. :my-person a foaf:Person ; frapo:hasORCID "0000-0003-0530-4305" . has application deadline The date by which an application, for example a job application, a fellowship application or a grant application, has to be submitted if it is to be considered for acceptance or funding. :my-application a frapo:Application ; frapo:hasApplicationDeadline "2026-10-31T23:59:59"^^xsd:dateTime . has birthday The date of birth of an agent. organizational role A role that an agent might hold with respect to an organization and its administration, particularly within an academic context. has temporal duration The temporal duration of some entity such as an event or a project. :my-employment-contract frapo:hasTemporalDuration "2026-01-31/2029-01-31"^^xsd:dateTime . scholarship A financial grant to a scholar to enable them to undertake advanced academic study. :my-scholarship a frapo:Scholarship ; frapo:hasMonetaryValue "19000"^^xsd:decimal ; frapo:hasCurrency "EUR" . has keyword A keyword relating to an entity. :my-project frapo:hasKeyword "Semantic Web" . studentship A financial grant to a student to enable them to undertake advanced academic study. :my-studentship a frapo:Studentship ; frapo:hasMonetaryValue "7000"^^xsd:decimal ; frapo:hasCurrency "EUR" . consultancy costs A budget category to cover the costs of consultancy fees. :my-budget a frapo:Budget ; frapo:hasBudgetInformation :my-budgeted-amout . :my-budgeted-amount a frapo:BudgetedAmount ; frapo:hasBudgetCategory frapo:consultancy-costs . has currency The currency used to specify a financial entity. :my-account-statement frapo:hasCurrency "euro" . has registration deadline The date by which registration must be made, for example renewal of an internet domain name. :my-funding-programme frapo:hasRegistrationDeadline "2026-09-30T17:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime . directly allocated costs A budget category to cover those costs normally borne by an institution, that are assigned to the budget of an externally funded project to cover the value of contributions to that project, for example to pay for the salary of a permanent member of staff seconded to work on the project, to compensate the employing organization for the loss of that person's efforts on other activities that he or she would otherwise be undertaking were it not for that secondment. :my-budget a frapo:Budget ; frapo:hasBudgetInformation :my-budgeted-amout . :my-budgeted-amount a frapo:BudgetedAmount ; frapo:hasBudgetCategory frapo:directly-allocated-costs . has data of manufacture The date of manufacture of something. :my-equipment frapo:hasManufactureDate "2025-11-20T00:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime . Silvio Peroni (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-4305) Sebastian Barzaghi (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-1527) David Shotton (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5506-523X) 2026-08-14 The **_Funding, Research Administration and Projects Ontology (FRAPO)_** is a [CERIF-compliant](http://www.eurocris.org/cerif/main-features-cerif) ontology for describing administrative information relating to grant funding and research projects. It can be used for the characterization of grant applications (e.g., `frapo:Grant`), funding bodies (e.g., `frapo:University`), research projects, project partners, etc.; in other words, the sort of information stored in Current Research Information Systems (CRIS). It can also be used to describe other types of projects, for example building projects and educational projects. FRAPO, which is written in OWL 2 DL, imports [FOAF](http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/) for characterizing people. FRAPO is designed to be used in conjunction with [SCoRO](https://www.sparontologies.net/ontologies/scoro) that provides structured vocabulary terms to describe the contributions (`scoro:Contribution`) and roles of scholars (`pro:Role`), and the organizations of which they are members, with respect to projects, research investigations and other academic activities describable using FRAPO, and to the scholarly journal articles and other outputs that result from them.  Terms for documents of relevance to the scholarly domain covered by FRAPO, including grant applications, project plans, project reports, datasets and journal articles, are already provided by [FaBiO](https://www.sparontologies.net/ontologies/fabio) and are therefore not included within FRAPO. FRAPO also permits descriptions of various types of applications, funding programs, infrastructure entities (e.g., services and research facilities), and a wide range of financial entities (e.g., accounts, contracts, quotations, purchases, invoices and payments), and the relationships between them (e.g., has application outcome, is manufactured by, is purchased by, has dispatch date, has purchase order number, has acronym) not shown in the diagram above. ## Examples of use In the following subsections, we introduce some examples to showcase how to use FRAPO. The prefixes that are used in all the examples provided below are defined as follows: @prefix : <http://www.sparontologies.net/example/> . @prefix fabio: <http://purl.org/spar/fabio/> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . @prefix frapo: <http://purl.org/cerif/frapo/> . @prefix person: <http://data.semanticweb.org/person/> . @prefix org: <http://data.semanticweb.org/organization/> . @prefix pro: <http://purl.org/spar/pro/> . @prefix scoro: <http://purl.org/spar/scoro/> . ### Describing fundings, investigations and research outputs The specification of the connection between a research paper, the investigation done and discussed in it and the funds that allowed such investigation are important aspects to describe in the paper itself. Usually, such aspects are introduced in a footnote or, even better, in an appropriate acknowledgement section that describe them in natural language. The use of FRAPO in combination with other SPAR Ontologies such as FaBiO and SCoRO permits the description of the aforementioned aspects in RDF. For instance, the well-known paper published by a young Peter Mika and entitled "Ontologies are us: a unified model of social networks and semantics" has been one of the outcomes of Mika's investigation founded by his Ph.D. scholarship. FRAPO allows one to explicitly describe all of this by means of its several classes and properties. org:vrije-universiteit-amsterdam a frapo:University ; foaf:name "Free University Amsterdam"@en ; frapo:awards :phd-scholarship-2004 . :investigation a frapo:Investigation ; frapo:hasOutput <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.websem.2006.11.002> . :phd-scholarship-2004 a frapo:Scholarship ; foaf:name "Ph.D. Scholarship 2004" ; frapo:funds :investigation . person:peter-mika a foaf:Person ; foaf:name "Peter Mika" ; pro:holdsRoleInTime :affiliation-vua ; scoro:makesContribution :mika-writes-draft , :mika-revises-manuscript . :mika-writes-draft a scoro:ContributionSituation ; scoro:withContribution scoro:writes-manuscript-draft ; scoro:withContributionEffort scoro:solo-effort ; scoro:relatesToEntity <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.websem.2006.11.002> . :mika-revises-manuscript a scoro:ContributionSituation ; scoro:withContribution scoro:revises-manuscript ; scoro:withContributionEffort scoro:solo-effort ; scoro:relatesToEntity <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.websem.2006.11.002> . :affiliation-vua a pro:RoleInTime ; pro:withRole scoro:affiliate ; pro:relatesToOrganization org:vrije-universiteit-amsterdam ; pro:relatesToDocument <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.websem.2006.11.002> . ## Competency Questions FRAPO can be used for answering several questions related to administrative information about grant funding and research projects. In the following subsections, some of them are introduced together with their respective SPARQL queries. The prefixes that are used in all the SPARQL queries provided below are defined as follows: PREFIX frapo: <http://purl.org/cerif/frapo/> PREFIX scoro: <http://purl.org/spar/scoro/> PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> PREFIX pro: <http://purl.org/spar/pro/> ### CQ1 Which funding awards or scholarships are granted by a university? SELECT ?university ?universityName ?award ?awardName WHERE { ?university a frapo:University ; frapo:awards ?award . OPTIONAL { ?university foaf:name ?universityName . } OPTIONAL { ?award foaf:name ?awardName . } } ### CQ2 Which investigation is funded by a specific scholarship? SELECT ?fundingAward ?awardName ?investigation WHERE { ?fundingAward a frapo:Scholarship ; frapo:funds ?investigation . ?investigation a frapo:Investigation . OPTIONAL { ?fundingAward foaf:name ?awardName . } } ### CQ3 What outputs are produced by an investigation? SELECT ?investigation ?outputDocument WHERE { ?investigation a frapo:Investigation ; frapo:hasOutput ?outputDocument . } ### CQ4 Which funding awards granted by a university finance an investigation that produced a document to which an author is affiliated? SELECT ?person ?university ?award ?investigation ?document WHERE { ?person a foaf:Person ; pro:holdsRoleInTime ?roleInTime . ?roleInTime pro:relatesToOrganization ?university ; pro:relatesToDocument ?document . ?university a frapo:University ; frapo:awards ?award . ?award frapo:funds ?investigation . ?investigation frapo:hasOutput ?document . } ### CQ5 What specific contributions are made by a person toward an output document resulting from a funded investigation? SELECT ?person ?contributionType ?effort ?document ?investigation WHERE { ?person a foaf:Person ; scoro:makesContribution ?situation . ?situation a scoro:ContributionSituation ; scoro:withContribution ?contributionType ; scoro:relatesToEntity ?document . ?investigation a frapo:Investigation ; frapo:hasOutput ?document . OPTIONAL { ?situation scoro:withContributionEffort ?effort . } } The Funding, Research Administration and Projects Ontology (FRAPO) David Shotton. The Funding, Research Administration and Projects Ontology. Revision: 1.2.0. http://purl.org/spar/frapo. 2014-01-31 2017-09-04 2026-08-14 https://doi.org/10.25504/FAIRsharing.0a2576 frapo http://purl.org/spar/frapo 1.2.0 semantic publishing scholarly publishing scholarly funding scientometrics bibliometrics endeavour An activity, such as a research investigation, that is enabled by a project. An endeavour relates to the academic and practical aspects of undertaking that endeavour - thus for a research investigation the research itself, including the hypotheses being investigated, the experiments being undertaken, the data being gathered and analysed, the interpretations being drawn from the data, and the results obtained. In contrast, the project relates to the administrative aspects of undertaking an endeavour, including the funding obtained, the people employed, and the management of the project in terms of deadlines and deliverables. :my-endeavour a frapo:Endeavour ; frapo:isEnabledBy :my-project . funding agency An organization that provides funding for projects or resources, often in the form of grants awarded on the basis of competitive application. :my-funding-agency a frapo:FundingAgency ; foaf:name "The National Science Foundation" . service costs A budget category to cover the costs of services used by a project, for example a DNA sequencing service, or an equipment maintenance service. :my-budget a frapo:Budget ; frapo:hasBudgetInformation :my-budgeted-amout . :my-budgeted-amount a frapo:BudgetedAmount ; frapo:hasBudgetCategory frapo:service-costs . is employed by This property should not be used for the other meaning of "employ", meaning to use something, e.g. "Great skill is employed by master craftsmen . . ."/ The relation between an employed agent, typically a person or an organization, and an employing agent. :my-person a foaf:Person ; frapo:isEmployedBy :my-university . :my-university a frapo:University . supplies The relation between a supplier and a supplied entity, or an agent to whom the entity is supplied. :my-supplier a frapo:Supplier ; frapo:supplies :my-service . has time zone The time zone relating to an entity. consortium agreement A formal agreement between members of a consortium, for example between research groups at different universities engaged in a multi-partner research project. :my-consortium-agreement a frapo:ConsortiumAgreement ; frapo:hasStartDate "2026-01-01"^^xsd:date ; frapo:hasEndDate "2029-12-31"^^xsd:date . account A mechanism for administering money, typically owned by an agent and dedicated to a particular purpose, for example the equipment account of a university department, to be used only for the purchase or maintenance of items of equipment. :my-account a frapo:Account ; frapo:hasAccountNumber "ACC-987654" . has organizational information Some information about the organization. :my-organization a foaf:Organization ; frapo:hasOrganizationalInformation "Non-profit research institute founded in 1980" . service contract A contract for the provision of a service such as a cleaning service, or for the regular servicing, maintenance and repair of some item of equipment or infrastructure. :my-service-contract a frapo:ServiceContract ; frapo:hasStartDate "2026-02-01"^^xsd:date ; frapo:hasEndDate "2029-01-31"^^xsd:date . fee An amount of money paid for something that is not purchased. :my-fee a frapo:Fee ; frapo:hasMonetaryValue "100"^^xsd:decimal ; frapo:hasCurrency "EUR" . is donated by The relation between a gift and the benefactor who provided it. :my-gift frapo:isDonatedBy :my-person . :my-person a foaf:Person . has catalog number The catalog number of something. :my-equipment frapo:hasCatalogNumber "CAT-00982" . has domain name An internet domain name that has been registered for an entity, for example http://www.miidi.org for MIIDI, the Minimal Information standard for reporting an Infectious Disease Investigation. :my-university frapo:hasDomainName "unibo.it" . has job title The job title held by a person, such as might appear next to the name in a directory or on a conference name badge. For example, the person's specific job title might be "Linacre Professor of Zoology" or "Regius Professor of Moral Philosophy". This job title properly refers to the **role** held by that person (e.g. "Head of Department"), which can be separately defined using SCoRO, the Scholarly Contributions and Roles Ontology (http://purl.org/spar/scoro/). :my-person a foaf:Person ; frapo:hasJobTitle "Associate Professor" . has end date The end date for something, such as a project. :my-employment-contract frapo:hasEndDate "2029-01-31T23:59:59"^^xsd:dateTime . facilities costs A budget category to cover the costs of maintaining facilities used by a project, for example an electron microscopy facility. :my-budget a frapo:Budget ; frapo:hasBudgetInformation :my-budgeted-amout . :my-budgeted-amount a frapo:BudgetedAmount ; frapo:hasBudgetCategory frapo:facilities-costs . has name suffix The letters that should be displayed after a person's name. :my-person a foaf:Person ; frapo:hasNameSuffix "Jr." . has funder identifer An identifier for a funding agency. :my-funding-agency a frapo:FundingAgency ; frapo:hasFunderIdentifier "10.13039/501100000781" . has post-nominals The letters that should be displayed after a person's name to indicate qualification, membership or fellowship in a professional society, honours or elite status, e.g. MRCVS, FRCS, FRS, OBE, Kt. :my-person a foaf:Person ; frapo:hasHonorificSuffix "OBE" . status The status of something such as an application, an investigation or a project. :my-application pso:holdsStatusInTime :my-status-in-time . :my-status-in-time a pso:StatusInTime ; pso:withStatus frapo:accepted . frapo:accepted a frapo:Status . service contract fee A fee paid periodically, typically annually, to obtain access when required to a service such as an equipment maintenance contract." :my-service-contract-fee a frapo:ServiceContractFee ; frapo:hasMonetaryValue "8000"^^xsd:decimal ; frapo:hasCurrency "EUR" . computational service A service provided by a computer system. :my-computational-service a frapo:ComputationalService ; foaf:name "Quipu Virtual Machine" . library A facility in which printed documents (for example books and journals) are deposited for long-term preservation and access. :my-library a frapo:Library ; foaf:name "Biblioteca Umanistica "Ezio Raimondi"" . grant A financial award by a funding agency for a particular project or purpose, usually awarded on the basis of a competitive application. :my-grant a frapo:Grant ; frapo:hasValue "50000"^^xsd:decimal; frapo:hasCurrency "EUR" . computational agent A computer system or software program whose action has an effect on external events, for example a laboratory robot that undertakes your experiments, or the financial control system that controls an institution's payrole, or that, following programmed business rules, prevents the principal investigator from placing an order for research equipment because there is insufficient money left in the project budget. :my-computational-agent a frapo:ComputationalAgent ; foaf:name "Backup Bot" ; frapo:isEmployedBy :my-organization . has call identifier The identifying number of a call for applications issued by a funding agency. :my-call-for-application frapo:hasCallIdentifier "ERC-2026-STG" . identifier A unique and unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context. Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system. project An administrative entity that enables an endeavour such as a research investigation. A project relates to the administrative aspects of undertaking an endeavour, including the funding obtained, the people employed, and the management of the project in terms of deadlines and deliverables. In contrast, an endeavour such as a research investigation relate to the academic and practical aspects of undertaking that endeavour - thus for a research investigation: the research itself, including the hypotheses being investigated, the experiments being undertaken, the data being gathered and analysed, the interpretations being drawn from the data, and the results obtained. submits The relation between an agent and an entity that is submitted to some third party, for example a grant application submitted to a funding agency, a manuscript submitted to a publisher, a quotation submitted by a vendor, or a dataset submitted by a researcher to a data repository. :my-person a foaf:Person ; frapo:submits :my-funding-application . endowment A transfer, generally as a gift, of money or property to an institution to provide a permanent fund, the income from which is to be used for a particular purpose. :my-endowment a frapo:Endowment ; frapo:hasMonetaryValue "500000"^^xsd:decimal ; frapo:hasCurrency "USD" . purchase order An official order from a purchasing institution to a supplier for the purchase of goods or services, often issued in response to the receipt of a quotation from the supplier. :my-purchase-order a frapo:PurchaseOrder ; frapo:hasPurchaseOrderNumber "PO-2026-0045" . funding An amount of money available to finance some project or activity. :my-funding a frapo:Funding ; frapo:hasMonetaryValue "50000"^^xsd:decimal ; frapo:hasCurrency "EUR" . is supplied by The relation between an entity that is supplied, or an agent to whom an entity is supplied, and the supplier. :my-service frapo:isSuppliedBy :my-supplier . :my-supplier a frapo:Supplier . accepted The status of something such as an application as having been accepted. :my-application pso:holdsStatusInTime :my-status-in-time . :my-status-in-time a pso:StatusInTime ; pso:withStatus frapo:accepted . has fax number A fax number for an agent. :my-organization a foaf:Organization ; frapo:hasFaxNumber "+39-051-123456" . has post code The postal code of an address. :my-postal-address frapo:hasPostCode "40126" . department A department or sub-section within a larger organization, for example a university academic department. :my-department a frapo:Department ; foaf:name "Computer Science Department" . role in time A particular situation that describe a role an agent may have, that can be restricted to a particular time interval. holds role in time The relation between an agent and a role that the agent holds. has expiry date The expiry date of something, for example a drug, beyond which the manufacture recommends that it should not be used. :my-contract frapo:hasExpiryDate "2028-12-31T23:59:59"^^xsd:dateTime . invoice An invoice for payment of goods or services. :my-invoice a frapo:Invoice ; frapo:hasInvoiceDate "2026-07-10"^^xsd:date . has decision date This same data property appears in FaBiO, the FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology (http://purl.org/spar/fabio/). The date on which a particular action is or will be decided upon, or when an application, such as a grant application, is or will be approved or rejected. :my-funding-application frapo:hasDecisionDate "2026-06-30T12:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime . has personal information Information about a person. :my-person a foaf:Person ; frapo:hasPersonalInformation "Senior Researcher at the Institute" . purchases from The relation between a purchaser and a supplier from whom the purchase is made. :my-university a frapo:University ; frapo:purchasesFrom :my-vendor . :my-vendor a frapo:Vendor . owner The agent who owns an entity. :my-owner a frapo:Owner ; foaf:name "John Doe" . funding application For the documents supporting a funding application, use `fabio:GrantApplicationDocument` and `fabio:CaseForSupportDocument`. The activity of applying for funding. :my-funding-application a frapo:FundingApplication ; frapo:isSubmittedBy :my-person . building costs A budget category to cover the costs of constructing, renovating or modifying a physical building. :my-budget a frapo:Budget ; frapo:hasBudgetInformation :my-budgeted-amout . :my-budgeted-amount a frapo:BudgetedAmount ; frapo:hasBudgetCategory frapo:building-costs . has provenance The description of the provenance of an entity. :my-material-output frapo:hasProvenance "Generated via chemical synthesis" . tender Sealed bid or offer document submitted in response to a request for tenders, containing detailed information on costs, requirements and terms associated with a potential contract. :my-tender a frapo:Tender . publishing costs A budget category to cover the cost of publishing outpots from a project, for example author fees for journal articles in an open access journal. :my-budget a frapo:Budget ; frapo:hasBudgetInformation :my-budgeted-amout . :my-budgeted-amount a frapo:BudgetedAmount ; frapo:hasBudgetCategory frapo:publishing-costs . provides service An agent that provides a service. :my-organization a foaf:Organization ; frapo:providesService :my-service . has exchange rate he currency exchange rate between two specified currencies. :my-payment frapo:hasExchangeRate "1.08"^^xsd:decimal . supports This property is not intended for use to describe mechanical or physical support, as in "The plinth supports the statue". The relation between an agent and something that the agent supports by financial or other means. :my-grant a frapo:Grant ; frapo:supports :my-project . is submitted by The relation between an entity that is submitted (to some third party) and the agent who submits it. :my-funding-application frapo:isSubmittedBy :my-person . :my-person a foaf:Person . has quotation date The date of a quotation. :my-quotation frapo:hasQuotationDate "2026-06-15T11:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime . has postal address line A single line of a postal address. :my-postal-address a frapo:PostalAddress ; frapo:hasPostalAddressLine "Via Zamboni 33" . has currency code The three-letter currency code used to identify a currency, as defined by ISO 4217 (e.g. EUR or GBP). Not to be confused with the symbol used with numbers to denote an amount of money in a particular currency (e.g.€500; £3.40). :my-payment frapo:hasCurrencyCode "EUR" . full economic costs Frequently abbreviated "FEC". A budget category to cover all the direct and indirect costs of a project. :my-budget a frapo:Budget ; frapo:hasBudgetInformation :my-budgeted-amout . :my-budgeted-amount a frapo:BudgetedAmount ; frapo:hasBudgetCategory frapo:full-economic-costs . group A group of people. purchases The relation between a purchaser and a purchased entity. :my-purchaser a frapo:Purchaser ; frapo:purchases :my-equipment . has model number The model number of something, for example a piece of equipment. :my-equipment frapo:hasModelNumber "MDL-X500" . specifies expenditure The relation between an agent or a budget and the expenditure specified by that agent or budget. :my-budget a frapo:Budget ; frapo:specifiesExpediture :my-expenditure . has award date The date on which notification is given or received that something, for example a scholarship or a grant, has been awarded. [See also frapo:hasDecisionDate.] :my-grant frapo:hasAwardDate "2026-05-15"^^xsd:date . faculty A grouping of similar departments within a university context, also known as a school or a division, for example the Humanities Division, the Mathematics Faculty, or the School of Medicine. :my-faculty a frapo:Faculty ; foaf:name "Faculty of Engineering" . is funding agency for The relation between a funding agency and an entity for which it provides funding. :my-funding-agency a frapo:FundingAgency ; frapo:isFundingAgencyFor :my-project . investigation An investigation is an endeavour that involves research, enabled by a project. The investigation relate to the scholarly and practical aspects of conducting the research itself, including the hypotheses being investigated, the experiments being undertaken, the data being gathered and analysed, the interpretations being drawn from the data, and the results obtained. In contrast, the project that enables it encompasses the administrative aspects of undertaking the endeavour, including the funding obtained, the people employed, and the management of the project in terms of deadlines and deliverables. :my-investigation a frapo:Investigation ; frapo:hasOutput <http://doi.org/10.1016/j.websem.2006.11.002> . donates The relation between a benefactor and a gift. :my-person a foaf:Person ; frapo:donates :my-gift . non-staff costs A budget category to cover all the costs associated with a project that do not involve the employment of staff by the institution, thus, for example, including consumables purchase, travel costs and consultancy fees, but excluding the salary, estates and indirect costs associated with the allocation of the PI's time to the project and the direct employment of a project manager. :my-budget a frapo:Budget ; frapo:hasBudgetInformation :my-budgeted-amout . :my-budgeted-amount a frapo:BudgetedAmount ; frapo:hasBudgetCategory frapo:non-staff-costs . consultancy agreement A contract between an employer and a consultant, detailing the terms of the consultancy. :my-consultancy-agreement a frapo:ConsultancyAgreement ; frapo:hasStartDate "2026-05-01"^^xsd:date . has phone number A telephone number for an agent. :my-person a foaf:Person ; frapo:hasPhoneNumber "+39 051-654-4321" . subscription Payment, commonly made annually, to obtain access to something on a periodic or continuing basis, such as a journal. :my-subscription a frapo:Subscription ; frapo:hasMonetaryValue "200"^^xsd:decimal ; frapo:hasCurrency "EUR" . directly incurred costs Also known as the "direct costs" of the project. A budget category to cover all costs directly incurred because of a legitimate expenditure on a project, for example the purchase of reagents or the employment of a post-doctoral researcher. :my-budget a frapo:Budget ; frapo:hasBudgetInformation :my-budgeted-amout . :my-budgeted-amount a frapo:BudgetedAmount ; frapo:hasBudgetCategory frapo:directly-incurred-costs . has postal address A postal address for an agent. :my-organization frapo:hasPostalAddress "Via Zamboni 33, Bologna (BO), Italy" . was purchased by Domain constraints have been removed from this object property to permit it to be used in unforeseen ways. The relation between a purchased entity and its purchaser. :my-equipment frapo:isPurchasedBy :my-university . :my-university a frapo:University . purchaser An agent who purchases something from a supplier. :my-purchaser a frapo:Purchaser ; frapo:hasCustomerNumber "CUST-44556" . has invoice date The date of an invoice. :my-invoice a frapo:Invoice ; frapo:hasInvoiceDate "2026-07-10"^^xsd:date . with role The relation between an agent's role in time to a definition of the type of role held by this agent. budgeted amount The amount of money originally available to spend in a particular budget category. :my-budget a frapo:Budget ; frapo:hasBudgetInformation :my-budgeted-amout . :my-budgeted-amount a frapo:BudgetedAmount ; frapo:hasBudgetCategory frapo:travel-and-subsistence-costs . has alternate name An alternative name that a person uses for professional purposes, for example the pen name of an author, or a married woman's maiden name used as her professional name. :my-person a foaf:Person ; frapo:hasProfessionalName "J. D. Smith" . is funded by The relation between something and the funding that funds it (i.e. that finances or pays for it), or to the funding agency providing that funding. This flexibility is given because of alternative usages of the English word "funds". :my-project frapo:isFundedBy :my-grant . software costs A budget category to cover the costs of software licenses required by a project. :my-budget a frapo:Budget ; frapo:hasBudgetInformation :my-budgeted-amout . :my-budgeted-amount a frapo:BudgetedAmount ; frapo:hasBudgetCategory frapo:software-costs . equipment An item of equipment or apparatus, or a laboratory instrument, for example a refrigerated centrifuge. :my-equipment a frapo:Equipment ; foaf:name "Refrigerated centrifuge" . small to medium enterprise sme A small to medium enterprise, having up to 250 employees. :my-sme a frapo:SME ; foaf:name "Quipu Inc." . enables The relation between an entity and another entity that it enables, e.g. linking a project to an endeavour that the project enables. :my-project a foaf:Project ; frapo:enables :my-endeavour . :my-endeavour a frapo:Endeavour . has family name initial The initial(s) of a person's family name. :my-person a foaf:Person ; frapo:familyNameInitial "B" . person A person. output Ontology terms and definitions for most publishable project outputs are given as "Expression" classes in FaBiO, the FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology, e.g. `fabio:JournalArticle`, `fabio:DataSet`. For "deliverables", use `frapo:Deliverable`. For material outputs, use `frapo:MaterialOutput`. Something that is created or produced as a result of a project or an endeavour. Examples include a building resulting from a building project, educated students graduating from an educational programme, and a journal article published as a result of a research project. Research outputs can also include reports, datasets, experimental protocols, workflows and mathematical models, and material outputs such as a cell line, a mouse mutant or a new form of microscope. :my-output a frapo:Output ; dcterms:title "Bibliographic References Dataset"@en . budget information Information about an aspect of a budget. :my-budget a frapo:Budget ; frapo:hasBudgetInformation :travel-budgeted . :travel-budgeted a frapo:BudgetInformation . has agent information Information about an agent. :my-person a foaf:Person ; frapo:hasAgentInformation "Authorized representative for project negotiations" . evaluates The relation between an agent and an entity which that agent evaluates, for example a funding agency that is evaluating a grant application to determine whether the proposed project is worthy of funding, or a publisher evaluating a manuscript to determine whether it is suitable for publication. :my-funding-agency a frapo:FundingAgency ; frapo:evaluates :my-funding-application . :my-funding-application a frapo:FundingApplication . has dispatch date The date on which something, for example an item of equipment, is dispatched by the supplier. :my-purchase-order frapo:hasDispatchDate "2026-09-10T14:30:00"^^xsd:dateTime . postal address A postal address. :my-postal-address a frapo:PostalAddress ; frapo:hasPostalAddressLine "Via Zamboni 33" . organization An organization. financial entity An entity primarily to do with money. :my-financial-entity a frapo:FinancialEntity ; frapo:hasValue "500"^^xsd:decimal ; frapo:hasCurrency "EUR" . collaborates with The relation between agents, for example different organizations, or people typically from different groups or organizations, that work together on a common task, project or endeavour, or towards a common goal. :my-college a frapo:College ; foaf:name "Trinity College" ; frapo:collaboratesWith :my-university . has familiar suffix The letters that may be displayed after a person's name to indicate familial status, e.g. Sn., Jn., III, 3rd. :my-person a foaf:Person ; frapo:hasFamilialSuffix "Jr." . rejected The status of something such as an application as having been rejected. :my-application pso:holdsStatusInTime :my-status-in-time . :my-status-in-time a pso:StatusInTime ; pso:withStatus frapo:rejected . college An academic organization that is either a small degree-giving university, or (in the OxBridge sense) an independent corporation of scholars within a larger university, providing undergraduate tuition and a social environment for its students and fellows. :my-college a frapo:College ; foaf:name "Trinity College" ; frapo:collaboratesWith :my-university . agent An agent (eg. person, group, software or physical artifact). has deliverable A deliverable of a project. :my-project frapo:hasDeliverable "D1.1 Technical Architecture" . deliverable A class defining a "deliverable" of a project, i.e. something that the project set out to deliver, or succeeds in delivering. :my-deliverable a frapo:Deliverable ; dcterms:title "Final Report" ; frapo:isOutputOf :my-project . is awarded by The relation between something awarded and the agent making the award, for example linking a grant to a funding agency, a degree to a university, or a prize to the awarding organization. :my-grant frapo:isAwardedBy :my-funding-agency . :my-funding-agency a frapo:FundingAgency . document repository May also be described as a document archive, or a digital library. A facility in which digital documents are deposited for long-term preservation and (optional) publication. :my-document-repository a frapo:DocumentRepository ; foaf:name "arXiv" . registration authority An agent with responsibility for registering and maintaining international standards, internet domain names, patents, controlled vocabularies and other similar entities required for reliable international cooperatative activities. For example, the International DOI Foundation (IDF) is the Registration Authority for DOIs. :my-registration-authority a frapo:RegistrationAuthority ; foaf:name "International DOI Foundation" . is enabled by The relation between an entity and another entity that enables it, e.g. linking an investigation to a project that enables it. :my-endeavour a frapo:Endeavour ; frapo:isEnabledBy :my-project . consumables costs A budget category to cover the costs of purchasing consumables. :my-budget a frapo:Budget ; frapo:hasBudgetInformation :my-budgeted-amout . :my-budgeted-amount a frapo:BudgetedAmount ; frapo:hasBudgetCategory frapo:consumables-costs . has personal identifier A unique and unambiguous identifier for an individual person within a given context. has ORCID A relation between an individual and their Open Researcher and Contributor ID (ORCID), an alphanumeric identifier for individual scholars. has headcount The number of people employed by an organization. :my-research-group a frapo:ResearchGroup ; frapo:hasHeadcount "12"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger . Ontology terms and definitions for many documents relevant to FRAPO are given as "Expression" classes in FaBiO, the FRBR-aligned Bibliographic Ontology, e.g. `fabio:CallForApplications`, `fabio:DataManagementPlan`, `fabio:GrantApplicationDocument`, `fabio:ProjectPlan`. Others are given as sub-classes of this class. document A document. funded The status of something such as an investigation or a project as being funded. :my-application pso:holdsStatusInTime :my-status-in-time . :my-status-in-time a pso:StatusInTime ; pso:withStatus frapo:funded . host institution An institution that acts as a host, for example of a project, a resource or a person, for example by providing accommodation, services, operational support and/or funding. :my-host-institution a frapo:HostInstitution ; foaf:name "University of Bologna" ; frapo:hasPostalAddress "Via Zamboni 33, Bologna (BO), Italy" . overhead costs A budget category to cover all the non-directly incurred costs of a project, including estates costs and indirect costs, that enable an institution to host an externally-funded project. :my-budget a frapo:Budget ; frapo:hasBudgetInformation :my-budgeted-amout . :my-budgeted-amount a frapo:BudgetedAmount ; frapo:hasBudgetCategory frapo:overhead-costs . quotation A formal statement of promise (usually provided in response to a request for quotation) by potential supplier to supply goods or services at specified prices and within a specified period. Acceptance of the quotation by the buyer constitutes an agreement binding on both parties. :my-quotation a frapo:Quotation ; frapo:hasMonetaryValue "10000000"^^xsd:decimal ; frapo:hasCurrency "EUR" . academic The role of a member of the academic staff of an academic institution, such as a university. :my-person a foaf:Person ; pro:holdsRoleInTime :my-person-role . :my-person-role a pro:RoleInTime ; pro:withRole frapo:academic . account statement A statement of income and expenditure for an account, typically presented as dated income receipts and outgoings against categories in a budget for that account. :my-account-statement a frapo:AccountStatement ; frapo:hasMonetaryValue "5000"^^xsd:decimal ; frapo:hasCurrency "EUR" . expenditure Money going out of an account, because of expenditure on various entities. May be associated with a particular budget category. :my-expenditure a frapo:Expenditure . repository May also be described as an archive, or as a database. A facility in which entities can be deposited for long-term preservation. :my-repository a frapo:Repository ; foaf:name "Zenodo" . uses facility The relation between an activity such as an expedition, a research project or an investigation, and a facility employed in that activity. :my-project frapo:usesFacility :my-facility . :my-facility a frapo:Facility . funding programme Often associated with publication of a call for applications (`fabio:CallForApplications`). A programme of related funded activities or projects, typically established by a funding agency. :my-funding-programme a frapo:FundingProgramme ; dcterms:title "Horizon Europe" ; dcterms:relation :my-call-for-applications . :my-call-for-applications a fabio:CallForApplications . material output A material or physical output created or produced as a result of a project or an endeavour such as a research investigation. Examples include a building constructed as a result of a building project, and research outputs such as a cell line, a mouse mutant or a new form of microscope. :my-material-output a frapo:MaterialOutput . conference fee A fee paid to attend a conference. :my-conference-fee a frapo:ConferenceFee ; frapo:hasCurrency "EUR" ; frapo:hasValue "350"^^xsd:decimal . has project identifier An identifier for a project. :my-project a foaf:Project ; frapo:hasProjectIdentifier "PRJ-2026-01" . research institute An organization primarily dedicated to undertaking research, that might be part of a university or of a commercial company, or might be independently funded by a research funding agency. :my-research-institute a frapo:ResearchInstitute ; foaf:name "CNR" . sells to The relation between a supplier and a purchaser to whom an entity is sold. :my-vendor a frapo:Vendor ; frapo:sellsTo :my-organization . :my-organization a foaf:Organization . owns IPR of The relation between an agent who owns IPR arising from or relating and an entity to that entity. :my-university a frapo:University ; frapo:ownsIRPOf :my-material-output . company A commercial company or business run for profit. :my-company a frapo:Company ; foaf:name "Quipu Inc." . has supplier number An identifying number for a supplier, typically used by the accounting system of the purchasing institution when placing and tracking orders. :my-supplier a frapo:Supplier ; frapo:hasSupplierNumber "SUP-10293" . is output of The relation between something that is created or produced and the activity that created or produced it. :my-output frapo:isOutputOf :my-project . has curriculum vitae The relation between a person and an on-line version of that person's curriculum vitae. :my-person a foaf:Person ; frapo:hasCurriculumVitae :my-document . :my-document a foaf:Document . uses equipment The relation between an activity such as an expedition, a research project or an investigation, and an item of equipment employed in that activity. :my-project frapo:usesEquipment :my-equipment . :my-equipment a frapo:Equipment . has location The relevant location for an entity, which might be geographical (e.g. New York City) or local (e.g. Freezer B, second shelf). :my-facility frapo:hasLocation "Campus Navile, Bologna" . purchase The payment for obtaining something, for example property, goods or services. :my-purchase a frapo:Purchase ; frapo:hasMonetaryValue "1000"^^xsd:decimal ; frapo:hasCurrency "EUR" . has serial number The serial number of something, for example a piece of equipment. :my-equipment frapo:hasSerialNumber "SN-987654321" . has language code The two-letter or three-letter lower-case code used to identify a language (e.g. fr/fra for French, de/deu for Germany) (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISO_639-1_codes). :my-document frapo:hasLanguageCode "en" . vendor An agent who supplies goods or services in exchange for payment, in response to receipt of payment or of an official purchase order from a purchaser that is responded to by submission of an invoice for what is supplied. :my-vendor a frapo:Vendor ; foaf:name "Quipu Inc." . has degrees The letters that should be displayed after a person's name to indicate an academic degree, e.g. BA, BVSc, PhD, DSc. :my-person frapo:hasDegreeSuffix "Ph.D." . fellowship The stipend paid to a fellow in a college or university. :my-fellowship a frapo:Fellowship ; frapo:hasMonetaryValue "35000"^^xsd:decimal ; frapo:isFundedBy :my-funding-agency . awards The relation between an agent and something the agent awards, for example linking a funding agency to a grant, a university to a degree, or an organization to a prize. :my-university a frapo:University ; foaf:name "Free University Amsterdam"@en ; frapo:awards :phd-scholarship-2004 . has cost The cost of something that can be paid for to be defined. :my-purchase frapo:hasCost "1500"^^xsd:decimal . owns The relation between an agent and an entity owned by that agent. :my-organization a foaf:Organization ; frapo:owns :my-facility . status A state or condition that a document may have. is supported by This property is not intended for use to describe mechanical or physical support, as in "The statue is supported by the plinth". The relation between something and an agent that provides funding or other support for it. :my-project frapo:isSupportedBy :my-funding . :my-funding a frapo:Funding . has milestone A significant event (a "milestone") in the progress of a project. :my-project frapo:hasMilestone "M1: Data Integration Complete" . infrastructure entity An entity that facilitates work. :my-infrastructure-entity a frapo:InfrastructureEntity . budget category A category of expenditure within a budget, determining what the allocated money can be spent on, for example salaries, equipment, travel. :my-budget a frapo:Budget ; frapo:hasBudgetInformation :my-budgeted-amout . :my-budgeted-amount a frapo:BudgetedAmount ; frapo:hasBudgetCategory frapo:facilities-costs . frapo:facilities-costs a frapo:BudgetCategory . status in time A particular situation that describe a state or condition some documents may have at a particular time as consequence of one or more events. is evaluated by The relation between an entity and an agent that evaluates it. :my-funding-application frapo:isEvaluatedBy :my-funding-agency . :my-funding-agency a frapo:FundingAgency . has account number An identifying number for a financial account. :my-account a frapo:Account ; frapo:hasAccountNumber "ACC-987654" . university A university at which higher education and research is conducted. :my-university a frapo:University ; foaf:name "Free University Amsterdam"@en ; frapo:awards :phd-scholarship-2004 . role A role an agent may have. Individual members of this class or its sub-classes are used to specify particular roles. is budget information of The relation between some budget information and the budget described by it. :travel-budgeted a frapo:BudgetInformation ; frapo:isBudgetInformationOf :my-budget . :my-budget a frapo:Budget . employment application The activity of applying for a job. :my-employment-application a frapo:EmploymentApplication ; frapo:isSubmittedBy :my-person . has delivery date The date on which something is delivered, or is due to be delivered. :my-equipment frapo:hasDeliveryDate "2026-09-15T10:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime . legacy A gift of money or property specified in the will of a person, that is made after that person's death. :my-legacy a frapo:Legacy ; frapo:hasMonetaryValue "10000"^^xsd:decimal ; frapo:hasCurrency "EUR" . benefactor The role of a person who gives a gift. :my-person a foaf:Person ; pro:holdsRoleInTime :my-person-role . :my-person-role a pro:RoleInTime ; pro:withRole frapo:benefactor . income Money coming into an account. May be associated with a particular budget category. :my-income a frapo:Income ; frapo:hasMonetaryValue "120000"^^xsd:decimal ; frapo:hasCurrency "EUR" . has purchase date The purchase date of something. :my-purchase frapo:hasPurchaseDate "2026-08-01T15:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime . facility A place or installation built or designed to serve a specific function or provide a specific service, for example an animal breeding centre, a DNA sequencing facility or a confocal imaging laboratory. :my-facility a frapo:Facility ; foaf:name "Quipu DNA Sequencing Facility"@en . data repository May also be described as a data archive, or as a database. A facility in which digital data are deposited for long-term preservation and (optional) publication. :my-data-repository a frapo:DataRepository ; foaf:name "Zenodo" ; frapo:isOutputOf :my-project . supplier An agent who supplies something, such as goods or services. :my-supplier a frapo:Supplier ; foaf:name "Quipu Supplies" . business angel The role of a person willing to invest in start-up companies. :my-person a foaf:Person ; pro:holdsRoleInTime :my-person-role . :my-person-role a pro:RoleInTime ; pro:withRole frapo:business-angel . applies for The relation between an agent and something for which that agent applies, for example a job, membership of an organization, or a grant from a funding agency. :my-person a foaf:Person ; frapo:appliesFor :my-grant . application The activity of making an application, for example for a job, or for funding. :my-application a frapo:Application ; frapo:hasApplicationDeadline "2026-10-31T23:59:59"^^xsd:dateTime . funds The relation between a grant and something that it funds (i.e. that it finances or pays for), or that links an agent providing funding to something that it funds. This flexibility is given because of alternative usages of the English word "funds". [See also frapo:awards and frapo:supports.] :my-grant frapo:funds :my-project . service A service of help to others, often requiring funding, employees, equipment and/or facilities for its provision, for example a library service, a transportation service, a DNA sequencing service. :my-service a frapo:Service ; foaf:name "Quipu Library Service" . laboratory A facility in which research can be conducted. :my-laboratory a frapo:Laboratory ; foaf:name "Research Centre for Open Scholarly Metadata" ; frapo:hasPostalAddress "Via Zamboni 32, Bologna (BO), Italy" . has output The relation between an activity such as a project or endeavour and something that is created or produced as a result of that activity. Examples include a building created as a result of a building project, and a journal article published to describe the results of a research investigation. :my-project frapo:hasOutput :my-output . has code A code for something. :my-department frapo:hasCode "DEPT-CS-01" . has value The monetary value of a financial entity such as a grant, a gift or a budget category. :my-payment frapo:hasMonetaryValue "3500"^^xsd:decimal . Use in conjuction with `frapo:hasCurrency`. has creation date The date of creation of a resource. manufactures The relation between a manufacturer and a manufactured entity. :my-manufacturer a frapo:Manufacturer ; frapo:manufactures :my-equipment . has completion date The date of completion for something, such as a building or a contract. :my-project frapo:hasCompletionDate "2029-12-31T23:59:59"^^xsd:dateTime . has qualification The qualification held by a person. :my-person frapo:hasQualification "Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science" . article processing charge A fee levied by a publisher on an author or an institution to cover the cost of publishing an Open Access journal article. Also knows as Article Processing Fee, Article Publication Charge, Author Processing Charge or Author Publishing Charge. :my-article-processing-charge a frapo:ArticleProcessingCharge ; frapo:hasCurrency "USD" ; frapo:hasValue "2500"^^xsd:decimal . project budget A budget for a research project. :my-project-budget a frapo:ProjectBudget ; frapo:hasMonetaryValue "300000"^^xsd:decimal ; frapo:hasCurrency "EUR" . has batch number The manufacturing batch number for something, for example a chemical or drug. :my-material-output frapo:hasBatchNumber "BATCH-2026-X" . contract A legally binding agreement between parties. :my-contract a frapo:Contract ; frapo:hasMonetaryValue "8000"^^xsd:decimal ; frapo:hasCurrency "EUR" . has country code AThe two-letter or three-letter upper-case country code used to identify a country (e.g. FR/FRA for France, DE/DEU for Germany). :my-postal-address frapo:hasCountryCode "IT" . manufacturer An agent who manufactures goods or equipment. :my-manufacturer a frapo:Manufacturer ; foaf:name "Quipu Manufacturing" . given name initial The initial(s) of a person's given name(s). :my-person a foaf:Person ; frapo:givenNameInitial "S" . employment contract A contract of employment between a person and an organization. :my-employment-contract a frapo:EmploymentContract ; frapo:hasStartDate "2026-02-01"^^xsd:date ; frapo:hasEndDate "2029-01-31"^^xsd:date . has birth date The birth date of a person. :my-person frapo:hasBirthDate "1985-04-12T00:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime . has customer number An identifying number for an agent, typically used by the accounting system of the supplier when issuing quotations, fulfilling orders and submitting invoices. :my-purchaser a frapo:Purchaser ; frapo:hasCustomerNumber "CUST-44556" . has budget category The relation between some budget information and its category. :my-budget a frapo:Budget ; frapo:hasBudgetInformation :travel-budgeted . :travel-budgeted a frapo:BudgetInformation ; frapo:hasBudgetCategory frapo:travel-and-subsistence-costs . frapo:travel-and-subsistence-costs a frapo:BudgetCategory . has budget information The relation between a budget and some piece of information describing it. :my-budget a frapo:Budget ; frapo:hasBudgetInformation :travel-budgeted . :travel-budgeted a frapo:BudgetInformation . travel and subsistence costs A budget category to cover the costs of travel and subsistence incurred on behalf of the project. :my-budget a frapo:Budget ; frapo:hasBudgetInformation :my-budgeted-amout . :my-budgeted-amount a frapo:BudgetedAmount ; frapo:hasBudgetCategory frapo:travel-and-substinence-costs . is manufactured by The relation between a manufactured entity and its manufacturer. :my-equipment frapo:isManufacturedBy :my-manufacturer . :my-manufacturer a frapo:Manufacturer . financial control system A software system controlling the financial activities of an organization, for example determining full economic cost budgets for grant applications, and managing the funding of funded projects. :my-financial-control-system a frapo:FinancialControlSystem ; foaf:name "Quipu Accounting System" . has expertise The area(s) of expertise and skills posessed by an individual or an organization. :my-person frapo:hasExpertise "Knowledge Representation and Semantic Web" . has purchase order number An official purchase order issued by a purchasing agent to a supplier of goods or services, and used by the supplier to identify the order when delivering goods or submitting an invoice. :my-purchase-order a frapo:PurchaseOrder ; frapo:hasPurchaseOrderNumber "PO-2026-0045" . has budget A structured statement of how funds are to be used for expenditure in defined budget categories. A budget is created, for example, when applying for funding for a project, and is subsequently used to manage the expenditure from the awarded grant for that project. :my-budget a frapo:Budget ; frapo:hasBudgetInformation :travel-budgeted . stipend A sum of money allotted on a regular basis, usually for some specific purpose. :my-stipend a frapo:Stipend ; frapo:hasMonetaryValue "2800"^^xsd:decimal ; frapo:hasCurrency "EUR" . is owned by The relation between an entity and the agent that owns it. :my-account frapo:isOwnedBy :my-organization . :my-organization a foaf:Organization . division A grouping of similar departments within a larger organization. In the university context, also known as a school or a faculty, for example the Humanities Division, the Mathematics Faculty, or the School of Medicine. :my-division a frapo:Division ; foaf:name "Humanities Division" . estates costs A budget category to cover the "overhead" costs of maintaining the premises in which work is undertaken. :my-budget a frapo:Budget ; frapo:hasBudgetInformation :my-budgeted-amout . :my-budgeted-amount a frapo:BudgetedAmount ; frapo:hasBudgetCategory frapo:estates-costs . investment An investment of money, generally in stocks and shares, or in property, for the purpose of safeguarding the capital and yielding an income. :my-investment a frapo:Investment ; frapo:hasMonetaryValue "10000"^^xsd:decimal ; frapo:hasCurrency "EUR" . has reference number The reference number for something. :my-contract frapo:hasReferenceNumber "REF-998822" . has acronym An acronym used to identify an entity, based on its full name or title. For example, this ontology has the full name "Funding, Research Administration and Projects Ontology" and the acronym "FRAPO". :my-project frapo:hasAcronym "OPEN-KGP" . holds status in time The relation between a document, a dataset or some other thing and a status that it holds at a specific time. registration agency An institution or organization officially appointed by a Registration Authority that acts to register things. For example, CrossRef is a registration agency for DOIs relating to documents, while DataCite is a registration agency for DOIs relating to datasets, acting for the Registration Authority for DOIs, namely the International DOI Foundation (IDF). :my-registration-agency a frapo:RegistrationAgency ; foaf:name "CrossRef" . payment A financial payment made, for example in exchange for something purchased such as property, goods or services, or to refund expenses incurred. :my-payment a frapo:Payment ; frapo:hasMonetaryValue "2000"^^xsd:decimal ; frapo:hasCurrency "EUR" . with status The relation between the holding of a status to a document, a dataset or something else at a specific time and the definition of that status. has personal identifier A unique and unambiguous identifier for an individual person within a given context. :my-person a foaf:Person ; frapo:hasPersonalIdentifier "ID-992384" . has city or town The specification of a city or town, for example as the location of an event. :my-event frapo:hasCityOrTown "Bologna" . research group A group of people, usually within a university department or a research institute, and typically under a single group leader, dedicated to working together to undertake research on one or more topics. May also be called a research unit. :my-research-group a frapo:ResearchGroup ; foaf:name "OpenCitations Research Unit" . bursary An amount of money given to a person by an organization, for example by a university to a university student in need to enable that student to continue his/her studies. :my-bursary a frapo:Bursary ; frapo:hasValue "5000"^^xsd:decimal ; frapo:hasCurrency "EUR" . has IPR owner The relation between an entity such as a project, an endeavour or an output and an agent who owns the IPR arising from or related to that entity. :my-material-output frapo:hasIPROwner :my-university . :my-university a frapo:University . scholarship application The activity of applying for an educational scholarship. :my-scholarship-application a frapo:ScholarshipApplication ; frapo:isSubmittedBy :my-person . other costs A budget category to cover costs not covered in other budget categories. :my-budget a frapo:Budget ; frapo:hasBudgetInformation :my-budgeted-amout . :my-budgeted-amount a frapo:BudgetedAmount ; frapo:hasBudgetCategory frapo:other-costs . has date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource. commitments Money set aside to honour expenditures already made but for which no invoices have yet been received, or expenditures planned for the future, for example for salaries. :my-commitments a frapo:Commitments ; frapo:hasCurrency "EUR" ; frapo:hasValue "45000"^^xsd:decimal . not-for-profit organization An organization that does not primarily exist to make profit, for example a charity or charitable foundation, a learned society, or a standards body such as the World Wide Web Consortium. :my-not-for-profit-organization a frapo:NotForProfitOrganization ; foaf:name "OpenCitations" . has funding agency The relation between something and a funding agency that provides funding for it. :my-project frapo:hasFundingAgency :my-funding-agency . :my-funding-agency a frapo:FundingAgency . has country A country, for example as the location of an event. :my-postal-address frapo:hasCountry "Italy" . indirect costs A budget category to cover the indirect costs of running a project, for example heating and lighting, and the employment of non-project staff including administrators, accountants and cleaners. :my-budget a frapo:Budget ; frapo:hasBudgetInformation :my-budgeted-amout . :my-budgeted-amount a frapo:BudgetedAmount ; frapo:hasBudgetCategory frapo:indirect-costs . has application outcome The description of an outcome of an application, for example that a job has been offered or that a grant has been awarded. :my-application frapo:hasApplicationOutcome "Funded" . employs This property should not be used for the other meaning of "employ", meaning to use something, e.g. "He employed great skill . . ."/ The relation between an employing agent and an employed agent, for example a person or an organization, who is typically employed to undertaking specified work in exchange for payment. :my-organization a foaf:Organization ; frapo:employs :my-person . :my-person a foaf:Person . has initials The initial(s) of a person's name. :my-person a foaf:Person ; frapo:initial "J. D." . gift A gift, donation, benefaction or legacy, typically of money. :my-gift a frapo:Gift ; frapo:hasMonetaryValue "1000"^^xsd:decimal ; frapo:hasCurrency "EUR" . uses service The relation between an activity such as an expedition, a research project or an investigation, and a service employed in that activity. :my-project frapo:usesService :my-service . :my-service a frapo:Service . admission application The activity of applying for admission to some group or institution, for example a learned society or a university. :my-admission-application a frapo:AdmissionApplication ; frapo:isSubmittedBy :my-person . unfunded The status of something such as an investigation or a project as being unfunded. :my-application pso:holdsStatusInTime :my-status-in-time . :my-status-in-time a pso:StatusInTime ; pso:withStatus frapo:unfunded . annual turnover The annual financial turnover of an organization (in a specified currency). :my-annual-turnover a frapo:AnnualTurnover ; frapo:hasCurrency "EUR" ; frapo:hasValue "500000"^^xsd:decimal . has grant number The grant number of a grant provided by a funding agency. :my-grant a frapo:Grant ; frapo:hasGrantNumber "GRANT-882201" . financial role A role that an agent might hold with respect to academic and project finance. expenditure to date Total money expended to date from an an account, or from a particular budget category. :my-expenditure-to-date a frapo:ExpenditureToDate ; frapo:hasMonetaryValue "42000"^^xsd:decimal ; frapo:hasCurrency "EUR" . contributions in kind A budget category to categorize the financial worth of contributions in kind (e.g. staff effort, access to facilities, sharing of know-how) given to a project by an agent, for example by the host institution or by a commerical partner in an academic project. :my-budget a frapo:Budget ; frapo:hasBudgetInformation :my-budgeted-amout . :my-budgeted-amount a frapo:BudgetedAmount ; frapo:hasBudgetCategory frapo:contributions-in-kind . available funds The amount available to spend in a budget category, equalling the income minus the expenditure to date plus future expenditure commitments. :my-available-funds a frapo:AvailableFunds ; frapo:hasCurrency "GBP" ; frapo:hasValue "12500"^^xsd:decimal . government organization An organization that is part of, or funded by, central or local goverment. :my-government-organization a frapo:GovernmentOrganization ; foaf:name "Ministry of Research" . spin-off company A company that has been established by a university or research institute to mature and market the results of research conducted at that research institution. :my-spin-off-company a frapo:SpinOffCompany ; foaf:name "Quipu Inc." . research information system A database containing administrative information about the research undertaken in an institution, and the publications and other outputs from such research. :my-research-information-system a frapo:ResearchInformationSystem ; foaf:name "Quipu Research DB" . entrepreneur The role of a person who invests in novel enterprises. :my-person a foaf:Person ; pro:holdsRoleInTime :my-person-role . :my-person-role a pro:RoleInTime ; pro:withRole frapo:entrepreneur . is applied for by The relation between something applied for and the agent making the application. :my-grant frapo:isAppliedForBy :my-person . :my-person a foaf:Person .