table element

http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#Table

as defined in The Pattern Ontology (PO)

version info
1.4.4
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prior version
changes
title
The Pattern Ontology (PO)
description
The **_Pattern Ontology (PO)_** is an OWL 2 DL ontology that formally defines patterns for segmenting a document into atomic components, in order to be manipulated independently and re-flowed in different contexts. ![The main architecture of PO.](po.png) Structural patterns allow representing document elements (such as sections, paragraphs, lists, metadata, and tables) through abstract, reusable primitives independent of specific markup syntaxes. ## Examples of use In the following subsections, we introduce some examples to showcase how to use PO. The prefixes that are used in all the examples provided below are defined as follows: @prefix : <http://sparontologies.net/example/> . @prefix po: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#> . @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . ### Structural decomposition of a document section With PO, it is possible to represent document elements and how they manifest as patterns occurring within the document's structure itself. For example, the following example shows how to use PO to model a section defined as a headed container and containing a heading block as its header and a body paragraph block containing inline text and atom elements. :section-1 a po:HeadedContainer ; po:hasName "section" ; po:containsAsHeader :heading-1 ; po:contains :paragraph-1 . :heading-1 a po:Block ; po:hasName "h1" ; po:contains :text-heading . :paragraph-1 a po:Block ; po:hasName "p" ; po:contains :text-span . :text-span a po:Inline ; po:hasName "span" ; po:contains :atom-text . :text-heading a po:Atom ; po:hasName "text" . :atom-text a po:Atom ; po:hasName "text" . ## Competency Questions PO can be used for answering several questions related to the atomic components that form a document according to certain patterns. In the following subsections, some of them are introduced together with their respective SPARQL queries. The prefixes that are used in all the SPARQL queries provided below are defined as follows: PREFIX po: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#> ### CQ1 Which header elements are contained within a headed container? SELECT ?header WHERE { ?section a po:headedContainer ; po:containsAsHeader ?header . } ### CQ2 Which block elements are directly contained within a container? SELECT ?block WHERE { ?section po:contains ?block . ?block a po:Block . }
keywords
document engineering
documents
scholarly publishing
semantic publishing
Semantic Publishing and Referencing Ontologies
SPAR Ontologies
creator
Angelo Di Iorio (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6893-7452)
Fabio Vitali (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7562-5203)
Silvio Peroni (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0530-4305)
contributor
Sebastian Barzaghi (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-1527)
publisher
created
2013-07-16
issued
2013-07-16
modified
2026-10-05
date
2026-10-05
license
source
bibliographic citation
Di Iorio, A., Peroni, S., Poggi, F., Vitali, F. (2012). Afirst approach to the automatic recognition ofstructural patterns in XML documents. In Proceedingsof the 2012 ACM symposium on Document Engineering(DocEng 2012): 85-94. DOI: 10.1145/2361354.2361374
code repository
doi
TBA
image
included in data catalog
is backward compatible with
language
logo
preferred namespace prefix
po
preferred namespace uri
http://purl.org/spar/po
status
Other visualisation
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table element
c

IRI: http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#Table

comment
A container element that must contain only homogeneous elements (but they can be repeated).
en
is disjoint with
headed-container elementc,
record elementc
is defined by
http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#
is equivalent to
(
container elementc
and
can contain heteronymous elementsdp
value false and
can contain homonymous elementsdp
value true )
label
table element
en
example
:my-list a po:Table ; po:canContainHeteronymousElements false ; po:canContainHomonymousElements true .
term status

@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix po: <http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix reg: <http://purl.org/linked-data/registry#> .
@prefix vann: <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/> .
@prefix vs: <http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

<http://purl.org/spar/po> {
    po:Table a owl:Class ;
        rdfs:label "table element"@en ;
        vann:example """
        :my-list a po:Table ;
                po:canContainHeteronymousElements false ;
                po:canContainHomonymousElements true .
        """ ;
        rdfs:comment "A container element that must contain only homogeneous elements (but they can be repeated)."@en ;
        rdfs:isDefinedBy po: ;
        owl:equivalentClass _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b49 ;
        vs:term_status reg:statusStable .

    _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b144 a owl:AllDisjointClasses ;
        owl:members _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b145 .

    _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b145 rdf:first po:HeadedContainer ;
        rdf:rest _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b146 .

    _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b146 rdf:first po:Record ;
        rdf:rest _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b147 .

    _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b147 rdf:first po:Table ;
        rdf:rest () .

    _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b49 a owl:Class ;
        owl:intersectionOf _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b52 .

    _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b50 a owl:Restriction ;
        owl:hasValue false ;
        owl:onProperty po:canContainHeteronymousElements .

    _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b51 a owl:Restriction ;
        owl:hasValue true ;
        owl:onProperty po:canContainHomonymousElements .

    _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b52 rdf:first po:Container ;
        rdf:rest _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b53 .

    _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b53 rdf:first _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b50 ;
        rdf:rest _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b54 .

    _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b54 rdf:first _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b51 ;
        rdf:rest () .
}


[
  {
    "@graph": [
      {
        "@id": "http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#Table",
        "@type": [
          "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"
        ],
        "http://purl.org/vocab/vann/example": [
          {
            "@value": "\n        :my-list a po:Table ;\n                po:canContainHeteronymousElements false ;\n                po:canContainHomonymousElements true .\n        "
          }
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment": [
          {
            "@language": "en",
            "@value": "A container element that must contain only homogeneous elements (but they can be repeated)."
          }
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy": [
          {
            "@id": "http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#"
          }
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label": [
          {
            "@language": "en",
            "@value": "table element"
          }
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass": [
          {
            "@id": "_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b49"
          }
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status": [
          {
            "@id": "http://purl.org/linked-data/registry#statusStable"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "@id": "_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b49",
        "@type": [
          "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class"
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf": [
          {
            "@list": [
              {
                "@id": "http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#Container"
              },
              {
                "@id": "_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b50"
              },
              {
                "@id": "_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b51"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "@id": "_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b50",
        "@type": [
          "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction"
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasValue": [
          {
            "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean",
            "@value": false
          }
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty": [
          {
            "@id": "http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#canContainHeteronymousElements"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "@id": "_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b51",
        "@type": [
          "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction"
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasValue": [
          {
            "@type": "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean",
            "@value": true
          }
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty": [
          {
            "@id": "http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#canContainHomonymousElements"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "@id": "_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b144",
        "@type": [
          "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AllDisjointClasses"
        ],
        "http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#members": [
          {
            "@list": [
              {
                "@id": "http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#HeadedContainer"
              },
              {
                "@id": "http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#Record"
              },
              {
                "@id": "http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#Table"
              }
            ]
          }
        ]
      }
    ],
    "@id": "http://purl.org/spar/po"
  }
]
_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b145 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first> <http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#HeadedContainer> <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
<http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#Table> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
<http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#Table> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#comment> "A container element that must contain only homogeneous elements (but they can be repeated)."@en <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b54 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil> <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b50 <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty> <http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#canContainHeteronymousElements> <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
<http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#Table> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#isDefinedBy> <http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#> <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b49 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class> <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b53 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest> _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b54 <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b144 <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#members> _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b145 <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b52 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest> _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b53 <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b52 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first> <http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#Container> <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
<http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#Table> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass> _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b49 <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b51 <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#onProperty> <http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#canContainHomonymousElements> <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b51 <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasValue> "true"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean> <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b146 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest> _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b147 <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b145 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest> _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b146 <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b146 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first> <http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#Record> <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
<http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#Table> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label> "table element"@en <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b53 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first> _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b50 <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
<http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#Table> <http://purl.org/vocab/vann/example> "\n        :my-list a po:Table ;\n                po:canContainHeteronymousElements false ;\n                po:canContainHomonymousElements true .\n        " <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b51 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction> <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b147 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first> <http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#Table> <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b54 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#first> _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b51 <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b49 <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#intersectionOf> _:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b52 <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b50 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Restriction> <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b144 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#AllDisjointClasses> <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b50 <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#hasValue> "false"^^<http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean> <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
<http://www.essepuntato.it/2008/12/pattern#Table> <http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#term_status> <http://purl.org/linked-data/registry#statusStable> <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
_:n27f50dd15b7c417789d400bde3c61873b147 <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#rest> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#nil> <http://purl.org/spar/po> .
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